填空题Few numbers tell a happier story than those that measure life expectancy. An American born in 1900 could expect to live 47 years. Thanks to colossal improvements in sanitation and medicine, that figure is now 75 for men and 80 for women. (71) So it is both alarming and surprising when life expectancy falls, even for a small part of the population. Yet that is what some researchers at Harvard have found. They looked at death rates by county, having corrected for migration and merged sparsely populated ones so that America's 3,141 counties became 2,068 "county units". (72) But between 1983 and 1999, it fell significantly (by about a year) for women in 180 county units, and stagnated in another 783. Men fared less poorly, their life expectancy fell significantly in only 11 county units, and stagnated in another 48. Put differently, life expectancy appears to have either stagnated or fallen slightly for some 4% of American men and 19% of women. The main culprits are diseases linked to smoking or obesity, such as lung cancer and diabetes. (73) Majid Ezzati, one of the study's authors, says it is too soon to say. An optimist would point out that women took up smoking later than men. It was not until after the Second World War that they started puffing at anything like the male rate. The increase of poor women now dying of lung cancer may be a hangover from the end of the taboo on female smoking. (74) A pessimist would reply that the other big killer, obesity, keeps spreading, especially among the poor. "We've been saying for ages that it must have peaked, but it keeps going up," says Dr. Ezzati. Two decades ago, no state had an obesity rate above 15%. Now, 22 have passed the 25% mark. (75) Neither are getting any smaller. A. For most Americans, life expectancy continues merrily to rise. B. And the poorest Americans have gained the most: blacks, for example, live more than twice as long now as they did a century ago. C. Even though smoking takes an average of 14. 5 years off women's lives, almost one in five American women age 18 and older smokes. D. The counties where life expectancy has fallen are nearly all in the South or Appalachia, where huge deep-fried portions are the norm and waistlines are among America's widest. E. But both sexes have quit in droves since the 1970s, so the death toll may fall in the future. F. The crucial question is whether this represents a blip or the start of a trend.

填空题From 1948 to 1961, the proportion of American blacks earning less than $ 3000 a year declined from 78 to 47 percent; at the same time, blacks earning more than $10.000 increased ______ from less than 1 to 17 percent. (Proportion)

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each numbered blank in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in each blank on the ANSWER SHEET. The beginnings of the Coca-Cola were humble. In 1886, an Atlanta pharmacist, John Pemberton, made the original mixture,{{U}} (51) {{/U}}it was his accountant, Frank Robinson,{{U}} (52) {{/U}}put a name to{{U}} (53) {{/U}}. The{{U}} (54) {{/U}}of the powerful brew included the coca leaf and the kola nut, but{{U}} (55) {{/U}}the drink wasn't{{U}} (56) {{/U}}Coca Kola is not known. No one knows{{U}} (57) {{/U}}, what became{{U}} (58) {{/U}}Pemberton, because he sold the Coca-Cola Company five years after formulating the drink to Asa Candler, who had managed to get it{{U}} (59) {{/U}}to all US states within four years of buying the{{U}} (60) {{/U}}as well as establishing it as a favorite in drug stores' soda fountains.{{U}} (61) {{/U}}, Candler didn't make much{{U}} (62) {{/U}}from the giant-in-the-making either. He sold almost all bottling rights a year after taking the brand into Canada and Mexico{{U}} (63) {{/U}}Ben Thomas and John Whitehead. This pair established{{U}} (64) {{/U}}was to become a mainstay of the business, in developing a regional network of bottlers so that Coca-Cola could be{{U}} (65) {{/U}}in the home. In 1915, the classic curved bottle was{{U}} (66) {{/U}}by the CJ Root glass company, a shape which was destined to last, with only a few alterations, through the{{U}} (67) {{/U}}85 years and become a true design{{U}} (68) {{/U}}. Coke began to{{U}} (69) {{/U}}its products offering fruit juices and fizzy drinks, but{{U}} (70) {{/U}}to the Coke range was slow. Diet Coke didn't appear until the early 1980s and Cherry Coke came along only in 1986.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each numbered blank in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in each blank on the ANSWER SHEET. What is meant {{U}}(51) {{/U}} the word "friend"? The dictionary {{U}}(52) {{/U}} it as: ."one attached to {{U}}(53) {{/U}} by affection or esteem". Americans use the word freely——that is , a friend may or may not be a person {{U}}(54) {{/U}} whom there is a great attachment. A friend might be a casual acquaintance or an intimate companion. Friends may have known each other {{U}}(55) {{/U}} child- hood or they mayhave recently met. It is difficult to formulate a precise {{U}}(56) {{/U}} of this word as it is used in the United States, {{U}}(57) {{/U}} it cover many types of relationships. "My friend and I went to the show last night." "My friends gave me the name of a good doctor." "My friend consoled me when I was depressed." We hear such daily references {{U}}(58) {{/U}} the word "friend" without knowing the quality of the friendship referred to. It is common for Americans to have different "circles of friends" such {{U}}(59) {{/U}} church friends, work friends, or sports friends. A person may choose not to involve members of different circles {{U}}(60) {{/U}} the same activity. (One's friends from the office may never meet one's friends from the sports club. ) {{U}}(61) {{/U}} such as "office mate" and "tennis partner" {{U}}(62) {{/U}} the segregation of friends. The office mate is a friend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend {{U}}(63) {{/U}} the courts. People have different types of friends: one may have many good friends and one best friend. "Best friends" are usually two people of the same sex who have known each other {{U}}(64) {{/U}} a long period of time. People usually have more casual friends than close or best friends. Americans are geographically mobile and learn to {{U}}(65) {{/U}} friendships easily and quickly. Approximately one {{U}}(66) {{/U}} of every five American families moves every year. People relocate {{U}}(67) {{/U}} they begin new jobs, {{U}}(68) {{/U}} distant colleges, get married, have chidren or simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps as a consequence of this, people form and {{U}}(69) {{/U}} friendships quickly. Students attending two or three universities during their undergraduate and graduate years may {{U}}(70) {{/U}} their circles of friends several times.

填空题From now on, you will be responsible for the company.(charge) ____________________.

填空题The economic situation (will improve) given that there is (forecast to) be less unemployment and (closures) than in (previous years).A. will improveB. forecast to beC. closuresD. previous years

填空题A pacifist is a person (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means. A. with B. hold C. in solving D. via

填空题It is the interaction {{U}}between{{/U}} people, {{U}}rather than{{/U}} the events that occur in their lives that {{U}}are{{/U}} the main locus {{U}}of{{/U}} social psychology. A. between B. rather than C. are D. of

填空题The influence of the moral standards of the home is evident. If there is' no recognition of the difference (71) right and wrong, it is hard for the child to acquire the qualities which are necessary (72) good citizenship. Unwise discipline is, almost equally obvious, (73) factor often found in the background of the young offender. But important (74) these two factors are, they do not cover the whole field. The experience of those who work with juvenile delinquents has shown us (75) greatly behavior is influenced by the emotional relationships within the family circle. The extent to which (76) is affection between the (77) and the child, and in the early stages especially between the mother and the child, is evidently of fundamental (78) to his development. Lack of love is more (79) to produce delinquency (80) bad material conditions.

填空题According to Ryle, the task of philosophy is to restate "______ misleading expressions" in forms that are logically more accurate. (System)

填空题 In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the{{U}} (51) {{/U}}half of the 19th century; most of{{U}} (52) {{/U}}were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great{{U}} (53) {{/U}}during the First World War, when{{U}} (54) {{/U}}of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established{{U}} (55) {{/U}}in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.{{U}} (56) {{/U}}the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose{{U}} (57) {{/U}}, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,{{U}} (58) {{/U}}, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the day nurseries, chiefly by{{U}} (60) {{/U}}them and by inspecting and regulating the condition within the nurseries. The{{U}} (61) {{/U}}of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were{{U}} (62) {{/U}}called up on to replace men in the factories. On this{{U}} (63) {{/U}}the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,{{U}} (64) {{/U}}$6,000,000 in July, 1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities{{U}} (65) {{/U}}this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared{{U}} (66) {{/U}}in daycare centers receiving Federal{{U}} (67) {{/U}}Soon afterward, the Federal government{{U}} (68) {{/U}}cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later{{U}} (69) {{/U}}them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their{{U}} (70) {{/U}}at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

填空题 Information about umbrella Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ______ times. 1 It became a symbol of honor and ______. 2 The umbrella was allowed to be used only by ______ or by those in high offices. 3 When was the umbrella used against rain throughout most of Europe? By the ______ century 4 It wasn"t until the ______ century that women"s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors. 5

填空题One way of improving one's writing is to get into the habit of keeping a record of your observations, of storing (46) in a note-book or journal. You should make notes on your experiences and on your (47) of everyday life so that they are preserved. It is sad (48) to be able to retrieve a lost idea that seemed brilliant when it flashed across your (49) , or a forgotten fact that you need to make a point in a argument or to illustrate a conclusion. The journal habit has still (50) value. Just (51) you need to record observations--the material for writing--you need to practice putting thoughts on paper, learning to write is more like learning to ski (52) it is like studying calculus or anthropology. Practice helps you discover ways to improve. Writing down ideas for your own use forces you to examine them. Putting thoughts on paper for someone else to read (53) you to evaluate not (54) the content--what you say but also the expression (55) you say it. Many writers have benefited from this habit.