单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D． {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Before the economy fell apart, it was Britain's society that was supposed to be in terminal decline, especially in the eyes of the Tories. David Cameron, the Conservative Party leader, was wont to bemoan "broken Britain", mired in moral degeneracy, with high rates of teenage pregnancy, low rates of marriage and other less quantifiable breakdowns in the civilised scheme of things. Such antediluvian worries were raked over again on July 13th when Iain Duncan Smith, a former Tory leader, called for an official endorsement of marriage. Mr Duncan Smith cites several reasons to encourage wedlock, including family stability (married couples are much less likely to split than cohabiting ones ) and healthier children who do better in later life. There was talk of state-run counselling, pro-marriage propaganda in schools and mandatory "cooling-off" periods before divorces. Mr Duncan Smith favours tax breaks for married couples, something that Labour has long refused to endorse. It is true that marriage is a declining institution. Marriage rates are at their lowest since 1895．But, curiously, those who do marry now stay together for longer. Divorce rates are falling, not rising, and have been for several years. In 2007 11.9 married couples per thousand untied the knot, down from 12.2 the year before and the lowest since 1981．The time that divorcing couples endure each other before flinging back the rings has lengthened too., from 10.1 years in 1981 to 11.7 in 2007．Indifference towards the sacrament of marriage appears strongest among the elderly, not the feckless young. Since 2004, when the overall divorce rate peaked at 14.1 per thousand, over-60s have been the only part of the population whose rates have continued to rise. There are plenty of competing explanations for the diminishing appeal of divorce, and no easy way to discover which are true. Immigration may have helped, since immigrant families often have more conservative attitudes than the degenerate natives. Accountants and divorce lawyers reckon a string of recent big settlements may have acted as a deterrent (although it could equally have encouraged the poorer partners in financially unequal marriages). Falling marriage rates and falling divorce rates could be two sides of the same coin, says Kathleen Kiernan, a professor of social policy at York University. The unpopularity of marriage and the relative ease of divorce has left only a hard core of stable couples bound in wedlock. And the rise in the average age at which people get married (now 36 for men and 33 for women) is helping too, since older brides and grooms tend to stay together longer in any case. If so, politicians should be cautious about handing out tax breaks. Even if they work (and Ms Kiernan thinks they would have to be enormous to have much effect), chivvying unmarried couples into wedlock is likely to mean more divorces in the future.

单选题The passage is probably intended to answer tile question"_______

单选题The fund managers had doubts about Google because of the following reasons EXCEPT

单选题In a family where the roles of women and men are not sharply separated, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this (1) leads to further sharing. In such a home, the (2) boy and girl learn to (3) the equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for (4) in a world characterized by cooperation (5) by the "battle of the sexes". (6) the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as (7) important and that has happened in some eases-we are badly off as before, only (8) reverse. It is time to (9) the role of the American family. We are getting tired of "Momism" but we don't want to (10) it for a "neo-Popism". What we need, rather, is (11) that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that experts on the family are (12) of the part men play and that they have decided that woman should not receive all the (13) -nor all the blame. We have almost (14) saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning, (15) , to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place (16) to the healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to (17) rules, because each family needs to work to its own ways for (18) its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy (19) , whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the (20) of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.

单选题The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would

单选题Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

单选题The day of terror at the Virginia Polytechnic and State University in Blacksburg began at about 7:15 a. m. , with the shooting of a woman and a male resident adviser on the fourth floor of a dorm building on campus, Kristen Bensley, a freshman who lived below the floor where the shooting occurred, told TIME, "There were minors going on about the assailant was fighting with his girlfriend or something of that nature." Bensley notes that only residents can get into the building, using a specific "passport", that is, a card that one has to swipe in order to open doors before 10 a.m. If he was an outsider, someone would have had to let him in. Or more likely, he was a resident of the dorm himself. If so, how did be keep so much ammunition unnoticed? Unlike high schools, most universities can't beef up security with a metal detector or two. So what can be done to protect students? Other questions remain unanswered. Why was there a two-hour gap between the incident at the dorm and a far more fatal one across campus? At one point, that led to theorizing that more than one gunman was involved. The gunman who killed at least 30 people at Norris Hall shortly after 9 a.m. was described by some sources as an Asian man. It has been a surreal time for the students. Brandon Stiltner, a senior aerospace engineering student, and Jonathan Hess, a senior mechanical engineer, were watching TV all day but by noon they'd had enough. "We decided we needed to do something," Stiltner said. "We were worthless sitting around." So they took their six-foot Virginia Tech sign off the wall and logged into Facebook. Within the next few hours 100 people replied to their e-mail request for a vigil. By 8 p.m. hundreds bf students began filing down the steps of the War Memorial Chapel toward the drill field. Clusters of two and three students stood together in silence. Slowly they began to line up to sign the board. "I'm still really in disbelief," says Stiltner. The shock of the day's shootings sank in, Hess said, as he carried the sign across campus for the vigil. "It hit me," Hess said, "to know that it was in these buildings." The media crews that swarmed campus were also surreal to Hess and Stiltner. "We could look out our window and see exactly what's on TV," Stiltner says. He watched his sign crowded with initials and prayers, awaiting the names of the victims, He shuddered. "I hope I don't have any nasty surprises./

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the {{U}}(1) {{/U}} population of a region or country which may be {{U}}(2) {{/U}} grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to {{U}}(3) {{/U}} immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it {{U}}(4) {{/U}} naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead {{U}}(5) {{/U}} of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment,{{U}} (6) {{/U}}his body's immune system can learn to fight the invader{{U}} (7) {{/U}}. Information {{U}}(8) {{/U}} how to penetrate the disease's defenses is {{U}}(9) {{/U}} to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that {{U}}(10) {{/U}} the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to {{U}}(11) {{/U}}with it, having already done so before.There are, however, dangers{{U}} (12) {{/U}}in the process. {{U}}(13) {{/U}}, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves {{U}}(14) {{/U}}much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system {{U}}(15) {{/U}}, and, therefore, the patient's death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, {{U}}(16) {{/U}}to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly {{U}}(17) {{/U}}the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. {{U}}(18) {{/U}} 1 in 10,000 people who receive the vaccine {{U}}(19) {{/U}} the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a {{U}}(20) {{/U}}, may indeed hide some hidden curses. {{B}}Notes:{{/B}} proportions(pl.)规模；程度；大小。affliction(疾病)痛苦。vaccination n.接种疫苗。eradicate v.根除，消灭。

单选题Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on God's earth. What we should (3) at producing is men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5) , and their culture will lead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it (9) takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve. In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will call "inert ideas"—— that is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the mind without being (12) , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overlade with inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protest against inert ideas.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} At the end of last year, a town called Friendship Heights, in Maryland's Montgomery County, approved America's (and thus the world's) strictest tobacco policy. Town officers courageously banned smoking on all public property, including streets, pavements and public squares. "It's a public health issue," said the mayor, Alfred Muller. who is also a doctor. "We don't have the right to outlaw tobacco. but we're doing what we can within our rights." This newspaper has expressed disgruntlement with the element of intolerance that is increasingly manifesting itself within America's anti-tobacco movement. It must be said, however, that brave Friendship Heights has discovered an approach that liberals can embrace. Private property is its owners' sanctuary, but the public rules in public spaces. Undeniably, the streets belong to the government; what happens in them. therefore, is the government's business. On this worthy principle, smoking should be merely the beginning. For example, it is clear that the consumption of fatty foods contributes to heart disease, strokes and other deadly disease. Besides, eating junk makes you fat and ugly. What people do at home is their own affair, but why allows them to abuse the public streets for this gluttony? America's pavements and boardwalks are overridden with persons, many of them overweight, who amble along licking ice cream or gobbling chips. In many cities, hot dogs are spreaded, quite openly, on the pavement itself. All this should be stopped. Not just in Friendship Heights but in other enlightened districts, it should be illegal to eat anything but low-fat foods in public zones. Because Americans consume too little by way of fruits and vegetables, in time (it is best to move slowly, because people's rights must be respected) streets should become strictly vegetarian. More can be done. Shrieking newspaper headlines create stress for those who may not wish to view them. People who want to buy and read papers should therefore be required to do so in private. America has long and justly sought to prevent the entanglement of religion with public life. What people do in church or at home is their business. However, praying, sermonizing or wearing religious garb in the streets surely compromises the requirement that the public will not be dragoored into supporting religion. There is the environment to consider, as well. That people exhale carbon dioxide in public places. thus contributing to global warming, is probably inevitable, and America's politicians would be wise to permit it. But methane, too. is a greenhouse gas, and an odiferous one. Its emission in public places. where it can neither be avoided nor filtered, seems an imposition on both planetary hygiene and human comfort. Breakers of wind, surely, can be required to wait until they can answer their needs in private; and prosecuted when they fail. Fame. then. to Friendship Heights. Other towns should take note. If they intend to fulfill their responsibilities to the health and welfare of citizens, to public order, and above all to the public streets and parks whose rights the authorities are sworn to uphold, then the way ahead is clear.

单选题The text does not directly say, but implies that Kissinger

单选题The phrase "make a go of it" (Paragraph 2) most probably means

单选题The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction. The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process. With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. "Hua Mei" was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally. The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host. Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species" habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue.

单选题California is having problems with its death penalty. It hasn't executed anyone since 2000, when a federal court ruled that its method of lethal injection was improper and could cause excessive pain. The state spent five years coming up with a better method — and last month, a judge threw that one out too. One indication of just how encumbered California's capital-punishment system is: the prisoner who brought the latest lethal-injection challenge has been on death row for 24 years. It isn't just California. The Death Penalty Information Center reported last month that the number of new death sentences nationally was down sharply in 2011, dropping below 100 for the first time in decades. It also reported that executions were plummeting— down 56% since 1999. There has long been an idea about how the death penalty would end in the U. S. : the Supreme Court would hand down a sweeping ruling saying it is unconstitutional in all cases. But that is not what is happening. Instead of top-down abolition, we seem to be getting it from the bottom up— governors, state legislatures, judges and juries quietly deciding not to support capital punishment. New Jersey abolished its death penalty in 2007. New Mexico abolished its death penalty in 2009. There are now 16 states — or about one-third of the country — that have abolished capital punishment. There are several reasons we seem to be moving toward de facto abolition of the death penalty. A major one has been the growing number of prisoners on death row who have been exonerated— 139 and counting since 1973, according to a list maintained by the Death Penalty Information Center. Even many people who support capital punishment in theory balk when they are confronted with clear evidence that innocent people are being sentenced to death. Another factor is cost. Money is tight these days, and more attention is being paid to just how expensive death-penalty cases are. A 2008 study found that California was spending $137 million on capital cases — a sizable outlay, particularly since it was not putting anyone to death. According to the polls, a majority of the country has not yet turned against the death penalty — but support is slipping. In 1994, 80% of respondents in a GaUup poll said they supported the death penalty for someone convicted of murder. In 2001, just 61% did. In polls where respondents are given a choice between the death penalty or life without parole and restitution, a majority has gone with the non-death option. Many opponents of the death penalty are still hoping for a sweeping Supreme Court ruling, and there is no denying that it would have unique force. Five Justices, with a stroke of their pens, could end capital punishment nationwide. But bottom-up, gradual abolition has other advantages. What we are seeing is not a small group of judges setting policy. It is a large number of Americans gradually losing their enthusiasm for putting people to death.