单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease. A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and children on the roads Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his ear becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should he banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings not for motor-cars.

单选题 Everybody dances. If you have {{U}}(1) {{/U}} swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you have ever kneeled to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly {{U}}(2) {{/U}} the history of dance. Dance goes {{U}}(3) {{/U}} to the beginnings of civilization—{{U}} (4) {{/U}} the tribe—where natives danced to get {{U}}(5) {{/U}} they wanted. Primitive dance was {{U}}(6) {{/U}} all practical, not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with {{U}}(7) {{/U}} seriousness as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process {{U}}(8) {{/U}} survival. Dance was believed to be the {{U}}(9) {{/U}} direct way to repel locusts, to {{U}}(10) {{/U}} rain to fall, to insure that a male heir would be born, and {{U}}(11) {{/U}} guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle. Primitive {{U}}(12) {{/U}} was generally done by many people moving in the same manner and direction. {{U}}(13) {{/U}} all dances had leaders, solo dances {{U}}(14) {{/U}} rare. Much use was made of {{U}}(15) {{/U}} part of the body. And so {{U}}(16) {{/U}} were these tribal dances that, if a native {{U}}(17) {{/U}} miss a single step, he would be put to death {{U}}(18) {{/U}} the spot. Fortunately, the same rigid {{U}}(19) {{/U}} that governed the lives of these people do not apply in the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} relaxed settings of today's discotheques.

单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate aupply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, 0nly the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark& B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The population of the United States is only 6% the world's population, but Americans {{U}}(1) {{/U}} one third of all the energy {{U}}(2) {{/U}} in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly {{U}}(3) {{/U}} the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to {{U}}(4) {{/U}} energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to {{U}}(5) {{/U}} plan for our future energy rise. We have {{U}}(6) {{/U}} laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of energy in the past. They were not {{U}}(8) {{/U}} very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a {{U}}(9) {{/U}} level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more {{U}}(10) {{/U}} {{U}} (11) {{/U}}, in transportation {{U}}(12) {{/U}} a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, you have a very good public-transportation system. And it is a (n) {{U}}(13) {{/U}} for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more {{U}}(14) {{/U}} The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our {{U}}(15) {{/U}} more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could {{U}}(16) {{/U}} our energy consumption by {{U}}(17) {{/U}} half or two thirds and still have the {{U}}(18) {{/U}} quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to {{U}}(19) {{/U}} they can be built to use 20 energy and still supply the same service.

单选题The advantage of telecities over megacities may include all the following EXCEPT

单选题Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intensive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless cheap variation, even customization. The revolutionary result is, in effect, the demassification of mass production. The shift toward smart flex techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among. But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly demassified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late 1960s, visionary marketers began talking about "market segmentation". Today they no longer focus on " segments" but on " particles "—family units and even single individuals. Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly demassified media. The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous demassification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.

单选题What seems to be the most important thing you have to decide on before a meeting starts? ______

单选题In his book The Tipping Point , Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn"t explain how ideas actually spread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends. In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don"t seem to be required of all. The researchers" argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don"t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won"t propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people"s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobe{{U}}(1){{/U}}onbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.{{U}}(2){{/U}}itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich{{U}}(3){{/U}}onMay1st2004,anditismuchthesameas{{U}}(4){{/U}}oftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcluded{{U}}(5){{/U}}talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.{{U}}(6){{/U}},thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,stunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,a{{U}}(7){{/U}}ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto{{U}}(8){{/U}}.Turkey's{{U}}(9){{/U}}ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountry{{U}}(10){{/U}}agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,＄10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey{{U}}(11){{/U}}inflationtowardEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience.Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.{{U}}(12){{/U}},throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram{{U}}(13){{/U}}aviolentheartattack.This{{U}}(14){{/U}}hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattackmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannual{{U}}(15){{/U}}havescarcelyeverreached＄1billion.Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto{{U}}(16){{/U}}onJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira(里拉,土耳其货币单位);oneunitofthelocal{{U}}(17){{/U}}willhenceforthbeworthwhatlmillionarenow—ie,about0.53(0.53欧元).Goodswillhavetobe{{U}}(18){{/U}}inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,{{U}}(19){{/U}}foreignbankersand{{U}}(20){{/U}}canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

单选题Generally speaking, people

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Here in the U. S. a project of moving the government a few hundred miles to the southwest proceeds apace, under the supervision of Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia. Apart from the usual highways and parks, Byrd has taken a special interest in transplanting pieces of federal agencies from metropolitan Washington to his home state. Strangely, Byrd's little experiment in de-Washingtonization has become the focus of outrage among the very people who are otherwise most critical of Washington and its ways. To these critics, it is the very symbol of congressional arrogance of power, isolation from reality, contempt for the voters, and so on, and demonstrates the need for term limits if not lynching. Consider the good-government advantages of (let's call it) the Byrd Migration. What better way to symbolize an end to the old ways and commitment to reform than physically moving the government? What better way to break up old bureaucracies than to uproot and transplant them, files and all? Second, spreading the government around a bit ought to reduce that self-feeding and self regarding Beltway culture that Washington-phobes claim to dislike so much. Of course there is a good deal of hypocrisy in this anti-Washington chatter. Much of it comes from politicians and journalists who have spent most of their adult lives in Washington and wouldn't care to live anywhere else. They are not rushing to West Virginia themselves, except for the occasional quaint rustic weekend. But they can take comfort that public servants at the Bureau of the Public Debt, at least, have escaped the perils of inside-the-Beltway insularity. Third, is Senator Byrd's raw spread-the-wealth philosophy' completely illegitimate? The Federal Government and government-related private enterprises have made metropolitan Washington one of the richest areas of the country. By contrast, West Virginia is the second poorest state, after Mississippi. The entire country's taxes support the government. Why shouldn't more of the country get a piece of it? As private businesses are discovering, the electronic revolution is making it less and less necessary for work to be centralized at headquarters. There's no reason the government shouldn't take more advantage of this trend as well. It is hardly enough, though, to expel a few thousand midlevel bureaucrats from the {{U}}alleged Eden{{/U}} inside the Washington Beltway. Really purging the Washington Culture enough to satisfy its noisiest critics will require {{U}}a mass exodus{{/U}} on the order of what the Khmer Rouge instituted when they took over Phnom Penh in 1975. Until the very members of the TIME Washington bureau itself are traipsing south along 1-95, their word processors strapped to their backs, the nation cannot rest easy. But America's would-be Khmer Rouge should give Senator Byrd more credit for showing the way.

单选题According to the author, communication between human beings would be smoother if

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} "This is a really exciting time- a new era is starting," says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol, the television company behind "Big Brother" and other popular shows. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are "streamed" across their third-generation (3G) networks. In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks; similar broadcasts will begin in Japan in April. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Canale 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. Similar mobile-TV networks will also be built in Finland and America, and are being tested in many other countries. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including "Lost", "Desperate Housewives" and "Law ＆ Order". TiVo, maker of the pioneering personal video recorder (PVR), says it plans to enable subscribers to download recorded shows on to iPods and other portable devices for viewing on the move. And mobile TV was one of the big trends at the world's largest technology fair, the Consumer Electronics Show, which took place in Las Vegas this week. Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in three areas: technology, business models and the content itself.