单选题What is the possible meaning of the word "deterioration" in the last paragraph?

单选题Scholars of human migration speak of two main factors that influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another-push and pull factors. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as religious persecution, war, or severe famine Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads or with hate-filled mobs at their heels are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination). Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most of these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the nineteenth century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call " intervening obstacles " . Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by " personal factors " of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varied abilities and personalities. The prospect of pulling up stakes and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to a young, footloose man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and young children. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may intrigue one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes friction. The United States and other " receiving countries " (the term used for countries that welcome large numbers of migrants) have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paying jobs and are resented by natives who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to gain acceptance in the mainstream of society in the receiving country.

单选题The Do - It - Yourself Movement may not have a bright future; all of the following reasons are true except ______.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints{{U}} (1) {{/U}}the construction of ideal states, such as{{U}} (2) {{/U}}to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected{{U}} (3) {{/U}}valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato's Republic, in{{U}} (4) {{/U}}the relationship of the individual to the state was{{U}} (5) {{/U}}out painstakingly without reference to{{U}} (6) {{/U}}states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publiea, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in{{U}} (7) {{/U}}. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it{{U}} (8) {{/U}}religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was{{U}} (9) {{/U}}to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the "guarantor" of Rome. All constitutional{{U}} (10) {{/U}}was a method of conferring and administering the{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, the family heads who formed the original senate,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to{{U}} (14) {{/U}}the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved{{U}} (15) {{/U}}to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on{{U}} (16) {{/U}}months, and later extending its possession to lower officials.{{U}} (17) {{/U}}the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing{{U}} (18) {{/U}}authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only{{U}} (19) {{/U}}the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous{{U}} (20) {{/U}}, as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.

单选题By describing the process of a workout, the author intends to show

单选题According to the author, ______ is the most important function of institutions of higher education.

单选题The terms college and university originally had very similar meanings. Only (1) the passing of centuries did "university" come to (2) an educational (3) composed of more than one college. During the Middle Ages students (4) the universities of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge found (5) convenient to rent houses and share expenses (6) living in private apartments. By the 13th century these "houses of scholars" were becoming legally recognized corporate institutions. At Oxford the earliest of these (7) were University College, (8) in 1249 by William of Durham; Balliol College, founded by John Balliol in 1263; and Merton College, founded about 1264 by Walter de Merton. A similar (9) took place at Cambridge. In the United States the word college most commonly (10) to four-year institutions that (11) students from secondary schools and grant a bachelor's (12) after a general (13) of studies. A college may also be a school (14) specialized training that takes place after (15) the bachelor's degree--such as a college of law or medicine. Schools (16) in theological training may be called seminaries or schools instead of colleges. A university normally (17) of a group of colleges--one for the liberal arts or general studies and (18) for engineering, law, medicine, education, and (19) . Some of these colleges are for advanced study, (20) the college of liberal arts is the institution in which one earns a bachelor's degree.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Can this be the right time to invest in luxury goods? Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails. The granddaughter of the founder of the Italian fashion group has just opened spectacular new stores in quick succession in New York and London. With its magic mirrors, silver displays and computer-controlled changing rooms, Prada's two-month-old shop in Manhattan cost a staggering ＄40m, sits just a mile from Ground Zero, and sells practically nothing. The luxury-goods business has been in despair in hasty succession against a background of a weakening global economy, an enduring slump in Japanese spending, and the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Japanese, who used to buy a third of the world's luxury goods, cut their foreign travel in half after the attacks and tightened their Louis Vuitton purse-strings. At the same time, wealthy Americans stopped flying, which has a dramatic effect on the luxury-goods purveyors of London, Paris and Rome. At home too, Americans' attitudes to luxury changed, at least temporarily. "Conspicuous abstention" replaced greedy consumerism among the fast-growing, younger breed of newly rich. The decline in job security, the lower bonuses in financial services, and the stock market bust that wiped out much of the paper wealth generated in the late 1990s, bred a new frugality. Sales of expensive jewelry, watches and handbags—the products that make the juiciest profits for the big luxury-goods groups—dropped sharply. The impact has been most striking among the handful of large, quoted luxury-goods companies. France's Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH), the industry leader, issued four profits warnings after September 11th and ended up reporting a 20% decline in operating profit for 2001, after having repeatedly promised its investors {{U}}double-digit growth{{/U}}; and Italy's Gucci Group, the third largest, announced this week that second-half profits dropped by 33%. Meanwhile, privately held Prada had to postpone its stock market flotation and was forced to sell a recently acquired stake in Fendi, a prestigious Italian bag maker, in order to reduce its debts. Luxury is an unusual business. A luxury brand cannot be extended indefinitely: if it becomes too common, it is devalued, as Pierre Cardin and Ralph Lauren proved by sticking their labels on everything from T-shirts to paint. Equally, a brand name can be undermined if it is not advertised consistently, or if it is displayed and sold poorly. Sagra Maceira de Rosen, a luxury-goods analyst at J. P. Morgan, argues that, "Luxury companies are primarily retailers. In retailing, the most important thing is execution, and execution is all about management. You may have the best design-ed product, but if you don't get it into the right kind of shop at the right time, you will fail."

单选题Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amount of advanced technical equipment, and (5) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if they (7) things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U. S. Budget—large number of Americans are left (13) . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15) the health system. There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is (17) up. Two thirds of the population (18) covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 percent--about twice as fast as prices (20) general.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} "I'm a total geek all around," says Angela Byron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she "never had the confidence" to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet--distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the world's most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. "It's awesome," she says. Ms Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Google's "summer of code". While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Google's campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Google's open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google's founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. "We want to make it better for students in the summer," says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, "it does become an opportunity for recruiting." Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a "Bayesian network toolbox" for Python, an open-source programming language. "I'm a pretty big fan of Google," he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but "Google is the only big company that I would work at," he says. And if that doesn't work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, "and it's a lot less intimidating."

单选题The best information in para. 5 is that______.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} How did the company come to produce a record glorifying the murder of police, which is entitled Cop Killer by the rapper Ice-T on the album Boby Count? The album is released by Warner Bros. Records, part of the Time Warner media and entertainment conglomerate. In a Wall Street Journal oped piece laying out the company's position? Time Warner co- CEO Gerald Levin makes two defenses. First, Ice-T's Cop Killer is misunderstood. "It doesn't induce or glorify violence... It's his fictionalized attempt to get inside a character's head ... Cop Killer is no more a call for gunning down the police than Frankie and Johnny is a summons for jilted lovers to shoot one another." Instead of "finding ways to silence the messenger," we should be "heeding the anguished cry contained in his message." This defense is self-contradictory. Frankie and Johnny does not pretend to have a political "message" that must be "heeded." If Cop Killer has a message, it is that the murder of policemen is a justified response to police brutality. And not in self-defense, but in premeditated acts of revenge against random cops. Killing policemen is a good thing--that is the plain meaning of the song, and no "larger understanding" of black culture, the rage of the streets or anything else can explain it away. As in much of today's popular music, the line between performer and performance is purposely blurred. These are political sermonettes clearly intended to support the sentiments being expressed. Traey Marrow (Ice-T) himself has said, "I scared the police, and they need to be scared." That seems clear. The company's second defense of Cop Killer is the classic one of free expression: "We stand for creative freedom. We believe that the worth of what an artist or journalist has to say does not depend on preapproval from a government official or a corporate censor." Of course Ice-T has the right to say whatever he wants. But that doesn't require any company to provide him an outlet. And it doesn't relieve a company of responsibility for the messages it chooses to promote. Judgment is not "censorship." Many an "anguished cry" goes unrecorded. This one was recorded, and promoted, because a successful artist under contract wanted to record it. Nothing wrong with making money, but a company cannot take the money and run from the responsibility. The founder of Time, Henry Luce, would have scorned the notion that his company provided a value-free forum for the exchange of ideas. In Luce's system, editors were supposed to make value judgments and promote the truth as they saw it.

单选题B. F. Skinner______.