单选题Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business. Even the best-designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavors of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-laden products. The results are apparent on a walk down any American street—more than 60% of Americans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity. Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign has taken one of the more successful public-health campaigns—the Food Guide Pyramid—and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America's Department of Agriculture caved in to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect their products. The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of grains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products. meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous program, which was centered on the idea of four basic food groups. The "Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up half of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries. The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understanable way. The new pyramid, called" My Pyramid", abandons the effort to provide this information. Instead, it has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multi-colored vertical stripes which, in some versions, rise out of a cartoon jumble of foods that look like the aftermath of a riot at a grocery store. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, Sex and activity level, and get a Custom. designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is fine for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information. Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States' Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back of a cereal box. And they had to do this in the face of pressure from dozens of special interest groups—from the country's Potato, Board, which thought potatoes would look nice in the picture, to the Almond Board of California, which felt the same way about almonds. Even the National Watermelon Promotion Board and the California Avocado Commission were eager to sect heir products recognized. Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. Although officials insist industry pressure had nothing to do with: the eventual design, some critics suspect that political influence was at work: On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid—a big success in the world of public, health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice.

单选题What can we infer from the fact that the world was perceived as flat?

单选题Ethics was generally considered to be

单选题The implication of the second paragraph is that Abraham Lincoln______

单选题Which of the following example's tells us that the animals also have a kind of culture difference

单选题What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you (1) thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (2) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature (5) about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) —one event follows (9) —as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fits the (11) . It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply (13) any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use (14) spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly (15) impressions of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) —Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.

单选题Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930' s are still on the book?

单选题It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author's attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems

单选题In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1) a new electronic market (www.gs.com/econderivs/) for economic indices that (2) substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll ( a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a (3) rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4) the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is "digital" (5) of a digital option : ie, it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each "horse" wins if and (6) the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible (7) of the index, and allowing people to bet (8) any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices. Ten years ago it was (9) impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to (10) the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of (11) have improved risk-management characteristics. We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12) for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of (13) ,for most people, is the single most important (14) of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15) last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that (16) sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the (17) of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18) developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies. These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19) as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20) will beset us in coming years.

单选题 Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is-"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, it's also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen, it's also much more attainable than it seems. In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades earned, sales made, widgets manufactured etc.. When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers: "Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14% of work productivity and 12% of academic achievement. " Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super- bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed "law of attraction," which in this case means that just having positive thoughts about wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. "This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough," Lopez says. But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope-it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them. It's far too much to say that effective hoping is the only—or even the biggest—part of what it takes to succeed. If 14% of business productivity can be attributed to hope, which means 86% is dependent on raw talent, capricious business cycles, the quality of the product you're selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, it's a catalyzing, energizing one-the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers-but it's also the thing with power.

单选题Toward the novel literary idea, the author's attitude seems to be that of

单选题Nobody, it seems, wants to be left out of Argentina's current boom in television reality shows. After the success of local versions of "Big Brother" and "Survivor", a camera is now to be (1) in the presidential palace, the Casa Rosada, to film everything (well, almost) (2) President Fernando de la Rua gets (3) to. The results will be edited and (4) several times a day, (5) the state channel, Canal 7: thus dispell, it is (6) , the notion that the president spends his time twiddling his thumbs to his economy minister, Domingo Cavallo, runs the country. This is a dangerous strategy. Mr. de la Rua's predecessor, Carlos Menem, was famous for his love of show business, even closing his 1995 presidential campaign (7) an appearance on the hit show "Videomatch". In deliberate (8) , before his election victory two years (9) . Mr. de la Rua (10) in television commercials that he was a very boring man. Audiences agree: his appearances last year on several leading talk (11) made their ratings fall. Worse, when he decided to make his own appearance on "Videomatch" last December, a member of the audience blamed him and left him (12) embarrassed. With a congressional election (13) in October, opinion (14) suggest that over three-quarters of Argentines (15) dissatisfied with Mr. de la Rua. That, says his circle, is at least partly due to his (16) portrayal by Freddy Villarreal, an impressionist on "Videomatch", and by leading newspaper cartoonists, such as Nik in La Naeion. Mr. de la Rua's team is apparently pressing the (17) to be nicer. But it is unclear whether blanket (18) will help the president win (19) viewers, or whether they will vote that Fernando should (20) the house in 2003