单选题It can be learned from the text that soon after the Second World War

单选题Who benefited the most from the competition among travel agencies?

单选题Toward this adventure of Wal-Mart, the author's attitude can be best said to be

单选题 After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking other students for answers. What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www. ulifeline, org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college ID's. "It's a very, solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need," said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago. The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they areat risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus. The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression. Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. "There is no substitute for personal interaction(个人互动才能解决)", said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington. Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. "The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places," said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline. Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it "a knowledge base" that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. "If Jed's friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something," she said.

单选题As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the word "unique" means ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} A cramped public-school test kitchen might seem an unlikely outpost for a food revolution. But Collazo, executive chef for the New York City public schools, and scores of others across the country -- celebrity chefs and lunch ladies, district superintendents and politicians -- say they're determined to improve what kids eat in school. Nearly everyone agrees something must be done. Most school cafeterias are staffed by poorly trained, badly equipped workers who churn out 4.8 billion hot lunches a year. Often the meals, produced for about $1 each, consist of breaded meat patties, French fries and overcooked vegetables. So the kids buy muffins, cookies and ice cream instead -- or they feast on fast food from McDonald's, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, which is available in more than half the schools in the nation. Vending machines packed with sodas and candy line the hall ways. "We're killing our kids" with the food we serve, says Texas Education Commissioner Susan Combs. As rates of childhood obesity and diabetes skyrocket, public-health officials say schools need to change the way kids eat. It won't be easy. Some kids and their parents don't know better. Home cooking is becoming a forgotten art. And fast-food companies now spend $ 3 billion a year on television ads aimed at children. Along with reading and writing, schools need to teach kids What to eat to stay healthy, says culinary innovator Alice Waters, who is introducing gardening and fresh produce to 16 schools in California. It's a golden opportunity, she says, "to affect the way children eat for the rest of their lives." Last year star English chef Jamie Oliver took over a school cafeteria in a working-class suburb of London. A documentary about his work shamed the British government into spending $ 500 million to revamp the nation's school-food program. Oliver says it's the United States' turn now. "If you can put a man on the moon," he says, "you can give kids the food they need to make them lighter, fitter and live longer." Changing school food will take money. Many schools administrators are hooked on the easy cash- up to $ 75,000 annually -- that soda and candy vending machines can bring in. Three years ago Gary Hirshberg of Concord, N. H., was appalled when his 13-year-old son described his daytime meal -- pizza, chocolate milk and a package of Skittles. "I wasn't aware Skittles was a food group," says Hirshberg, CEO of Stonyfield Farm, a yogurt company. So he devised a vending machine that stocks healthy snacks: yogurt smoothies, fruit leathers and whole-wheat pretzels. So far 41 schools in California, Illinois and Washington are using his machines -- and a thousand more have requested them. Hirshberg says, "schools have to make good food a priority." Some states are trying. California, New York and Texas have passed new laws that limit junk food sold on school grounds. Districts in California, New Mexico and Washington have begun buying produce from local farms. The soda and candy in the vending machines have been replaced by juice and beef jerky. "It's not perfect," says Jannison. But it's a cause worth fighting for, Even if she has to battle one chip at a time.

单选题Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. "But what are you complaining about?" asked the Russian ambassador: "You've had more time than God." Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, "but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and [all] the committees." Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th- 16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. "With 191 member states", he sighed, "it's not easy to get an agreement." Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the world's leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks. The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new "responsibility to protect" peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an "early" reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived. Others have not. Either they provod so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it "in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes", but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted. Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as "an important step forward" and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken "the first steps" towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the document's skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.

单选题 According to a new research, dreaming about something you've learned may actually be an indicator that your memory is working overtime to retain that information. Doctors have long {{U}} {{U}} 21 {{/U}} {{/U}}the importance of a good night's rest-for everything from improving performance to {{U}} {{U}} 22 {{/U}} {{/U}}physical well being. {{U}} {{U}} 23 {{/U}} {{/U}}this latest inquiry suggests that {{U}} {{U}} 24 {{/U}} {{/U}}sleep is beneficial, dreams may actually {{U}} {{U}} 25 {{/U}} {{/U}}whether our memories continue to work through {{U}} {{U}} 26 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In this latest research, researchers found that, after {{U}} {{U}} 27 {{/U}} {{/U}}performing a task, study participants who took a nap and dreamt about that task {{U}} {{U}} 28 {{/U}} {{/U}}both those who hadn't slept, and those who'd had a dreamless sleep or whose dreams didn't touch {{U}} {{U}} 29 {{/U}} {{/U}}the task. As part of the research, subjects were asked to study a three dimensional computer maze so that later, when they were {{U}} {{U}} 30 {{/U}} {{/U}}placed somewhere in the middle of that maze, they'd be able to find their way out. Between the initial {{U}} {{U}} 31 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the maze, and the later task, some participants were allowed to nap. Among those who rested, several had dreams that {{U}} {{U}} 32 {{/U}} {{/U}}the maze-some saying that their dreams {{U}} {{U}} 33 {{/U}} {{/U}}the music that had been playing while they studied the maze earlier, while others imagined the maze as {{U}} {{U}} 34 {{/U}} {{/U}}caves that they'd had to {{U}} {{U}} 35 {{/U}} {{/U}}through. Later, when participants were put back in the maze, those who'd dreamt about it had greater {{U}} {{U}} 36 {{/U}} {{/U}}finding their way around than those who hadn't dreamt about the {{U}} {{U}} 37 {{/U}} {{/U}}, or who hadn't slept at all. The findings indicate that dreams may be a(n) {{U}} {{U}} 38 {{/U}} {{/U}}of memory processing, and working over a problem in your sleep is a(n){{U}} {{U}} 39 {{/U}} {{/U}}that your brain is actively trying to {{U}} {{U}} 40 {{/U}} {{/U}}that information. The next step in the research, they say, is to examine how dreams during a full night's sleep relate to memory process.

单选题According to the passage, what does social capital refer to?

单选题In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make silver articles?

单选题 This is an approach to quality improvement based on the statistical work of Joseph Juran, one of two American pioneers of quality management in Japan. Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its mean. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering of the readings. If the mean is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects per million. This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it avoids the idea of aiming for "zero defects", or total perfection-a frighteningly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. Companies or operational groups move step-by-step up the Sigma ladder, the ultimate goal being to reach the Six Sigma state-still just short of perfection. Reasonably unsophisticated computer programs do the necessary calculations when fed with data on the goals (the specifications of the perfect product or process) and the organization's actual achievements. Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven. Its advocates insist that it is no such thing. But it has certain attributes of the exclusive society. Anyone in an organization who goes on a basic training course for a Six Sigma program is called a Green Belt. Anyone who is given the full-time job of leading a team that is embarking on a Six Sigma exercise is given further training and is called a Black Belt. Beyond this there are a special few who are trained even more, and they are called Master Black Belts. Their role is to champion the exercise throughout the organization and to watch over the Black Belts and ensure that {{U}}they{{/U}} are consistently improving the quality of their team's output. Pioneered in the United States by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma became hugely popular in the 1990s after Jack Welch adopted it at General Electric. To achieve Six Sigma quality at GE, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities". An opportunity is defined as "a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications". The company says: "Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE. It is now the way we work-in everything we do and in every product we design".

单选题The major factor that leads Japanese women to postpone their marriage is

单选题The businessman found that his postal code was difficult______.

单选题About thirty years ago, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned employment decisions that discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. To avoid legal penalties, companies created affirmative action programs. These programs became highly controversial, for they were seen by some as a form of reverse discrimination. Both praised and condemned, affirmative action programs remain in effect. Since the passage of Title VII, the United States has undergone a major demographic shift. California will soon have a population of 50 percent Hispanic American and nonwhite. More than half of the nation's work force now consists of minorities, immigrants, and women; white, native-born males, though still dominant, has become a statistical minority. In addition, about 80 percent of new workers are not white males. Affirmative action relied heavily on assimilation, the process by which minorities are absorbed into the dominant culture. Generally, assimilation involves abandoning distinctive cultural patterns of behavior in favor of those of the dominant culture. Two, three, four generations ago, people who immigrated to this country routinely changed their names to help them enter the mainstream as soon and as completely as possible. In contrast, the huge successes of the women's movement and civil rights activism have helped Americans to appreciate their differences, even to celebrate them. This change is transforming the workplace, for people who are comfortable and proud of being different are much less amenable to assimilation. "You don't have to aspire to be a white male or a member of the dominant group," says Thomas, "People are willing to be part of each, but they won't jump into the melting pot anymore. " Diversity in the workplace is much more than skin color. Diversity also refers to gender, age, religion, social class, sexual orientation, and even to military experience. Realizing that assimilation is probably not the way of the future, companies as diverse as IBM, Ford, and 3M have begun programs called "Managing Diversity" or "Valuing Diversity. " The goals of these programs are threefold. (1) to uncover and root out biases and prejudices about people's differences, (2) to increase awareness and appreciation of people's differences, and (3) to teach people "skills," especially communication and negotiation skills, for working with diverse groups. From a functionalist perspective, we would say that programs in managing diversity are an adjustment in the economic system. They will help meet needs caused by changing demographics within the nation and new international relations that require American corporations to be more competitive. From a symbolic interaction perspective, we would say that these programs reflect a change in symbols—that they illustrate how being different from the dominant group now has a different meaning than it used to. These programs not only reflect that change, they also foster further change in the meaning of diversity. From a conflict perspective, we would say that the key term in managing diversity programs is not diversity, but managing. No matter what they are called, these programs are merely another way to exploit labor.

单选题From the first paragraph, we can see that Verizon's announcement of price cuts ______.