单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Until the late 1940s, when television began finding its way into American homes, companies relied mainly on print and radio to promote their products and services. The advent of television{{U}} (1) {{/U}}a revolution in product and service. Between 1949 and 1951, advertising on television grew 960 percent. Today the Internet is once again{{U}} (2) {{/U}}promotion. By going online, companies can communicate instantly and directly with prospective customers.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}on the World Wide Web includes advertising, sponsorships, and sales promotions{{U}} (4) {{/U}}sweepstakes, contests, coupons, and rebates. In 1996 World Wide Web advertising revenues{{U}} (5) {{/U}}$ 300 million. Effective online marketers don't{{U}} (6) {{/U}}transfer hard-copy ads to cyberspace.{{U}} (7) {{/U}}sites blend promotional and non-promotional information indirectly delivering the advertising messages. To{{U}} (8) {{/U}}visits to their sites and to create and{{U}} (9) {{/U}}customer loyalty, companies change information frequently and provide many opportunities for{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. A prototype for excellent{{U}} (11) {{/U}}promotion is the Ragu Web site. Here visitors can find thirty-six pasta recipes, take Italian lessons, and view an Italian film festival,{{U}} (12) {{/U}}they will find no traditional ads.{{U}} (13) {{/U}}subtle is the mix of product and promotion that visitors hardly know an advertising message has been{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. Sega of America, maker of computer games and hardware, uses its Web site for a{{U}} (15) {{/U}}of different promotions, such as{{U}} (16) {{/U}}new game characters to the public and supplying Web surfers the opportunity to{{U}} (17) {{/U}}games. Sega's home page averages 250,000 visits a day. To heighten interest in the site, Sega bought an advertising banner on Netscape{{U}} (18) {{/U}}increasing site visits by 15 percent. Online{{U}} (19) {{/U}}in Quaker Oats' Gatorade promotion received a free T-shirt in exchange for answering a few questions. Quaker Oats reports that the online promotion created product{{U}} (20) {{/U}}and helped the company know its customers better.

单选题Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea's natural products for the world's hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can, be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in society's unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the world's animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the "continental shelf" waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.{{B}}Notes:{{/B}} sewers 下水道。

单选题The text mainly tells us about

单选题 Space Shuttle Project is one of the first huge-typed spaceflight instruments used for many times in the world, organized by American National Aviation andSpaceflight Bureau, the main researches of{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}are researching and making the system of space shuttle, suggesting and choosing{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}and landing ports,deciding the scheme of reclaiming the roll booster of solid rocket,{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the establishment of repairing the roll booster, and rebuilding and expanding the building of the{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and controlling system. At the beginning of 1969, the United States set up a group that specially researched the development direction of spaceflight with{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the next stage,{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}by deputy president. After{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}and research, it suggested that an aerocraft with great benefits in{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}should be made, eg{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the spaceflight being its leading stanchion. In this project, five orbit implements were prescribed to be made,{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}" Exploitation", " Columbia", " Challenger","Discovery" and "Atlands". In 1970, spaceflight got into an all-round{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of research and manufacture. The whole-project had to delay more than three years. Five orbit implements were{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}to be four and flight experiment for six times was also decreased for four, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the number of production was cut down, according to the original scheme. In April 1971 this{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}was decided that Kennedy Space Centre was used for the launching and landing port for space shuttles, and Edwards Air Base was used for the{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}landing port. In February 1977,"Exploitation" Orbit Implement started to have entering and landing experiment sin Edwards Air Base. From May 12, 1981 to July 4, 1982, "Columbia" Space Shuttle successfully finished four flight experiments for research and manufacture, {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}meant that the {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}and manufactures were over in{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}form. It{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}about 12 years and cost more than 75 billion US dollars to finish the whole project. On November 11, 1990, space shuttles began to fly for{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

单选题In the eyes of Unilever, its troubles mainly lie in

单选题All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.

单选题It can be inferred from the passage that tile company

单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world"s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

单选题According to Dr. Weiss, the second cool and dry period eventually

单选题The "MyDoom" virus could presage a generation of computer attacks by organised gangs aiming to extract ransoms from online businesses, experts said yesterday. The warning came as the website run by SCO, a company that sells Unix computer software, in effect disappeared from the web under a blizzard of automated attacks from PCs infected by the virus, which first appeared a week ago. The "MyDoom-A" version of the virus is reckoned to be the worst to have hit the internet, in terms of the speed of its spread, with millions of PCs worldwide believed to be infected. Such "zombie" machines begin to send out hundreds of copies of the virus every hour to almost any e-mail address in their files. On Sunday they began sending automated queries to SCO's website, an attack that will continue until 12 February. The attack is the web equivalent of ringing the company's doorbell and running away a million times a second, leaving its computers unable to deal with standard requests to view its pages. "You have to wonder about the time limit," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at the antivirus company Sophos. "Someone could go to SCO after the 12th and say, 'If you don't want this to happen again, here are our demands'." Raimund Genes, European president of the security software firm Trend Micro, said: "Such a programme could take out any major website on the internet. It's not terrorism, but it is somebody who is obviously upset with SCO" SCO has earned the enmity of computer users through a lawsuit it has filed against IBM. SCO claims ownership of computer code it says IBM put into the free operating system Linux, and is demanding licence fees and damages of $1bn. Mr. Cluley said: "It might be that whoever is behind this will say to SCO, 'if you don't want the next one to target you, drop the lawsuit'." SCO has offered $250,000 (￡140,000) for information leading to the arrest of the person or people who wrote and distributed MyDoom. Nell Barrett, of the security company Information Risk Management, said, "I would give a lot of credence to the idea of gangs using viruses to extort money. It's hard for law enforcement to track them down, because they're using machines owned by innocent people." A second variant of MyDoom will start attacking part of Microsoft's website later today. The antivirus company MessageLabs said it had blocked more than 16 million copies of the virus in transit over the net so far. But millions more will have reached their targets.

单选题According to the passage, the NIS program

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Europe is desperate to succeed in business. Two years ago, the European Union's Lisbon summit Set a goal of becoming the world's leading economy by 2010. But success, as any new age executive coach might tell you, requires confronting the fear of failure. That is why Europe's approach to bankruptcy urgently needs reform. In Europe, as in the United States, many heavily indebted companies are shutting up shop just as the economy begins to recover. Ironically, the upturn is often the moment when weak firms finally fail. But America's failures have a big advantage over Europe's weaklings: their country's more relaxed approach to bankruptcy. In the United States the Chapter 11 law makes going bust an orderly and even routine process. Firms in trouble simply apply for breathing space from creditors. Managers submit a plan of reorganization to a judge, and creditors decide whether to give it a go or to come up with one of their own. Creditors have a say in whether to keep the firm running, or to liquidate it. If they keep it running, they often end up with a big chunk of equity, if not outright control. But shutting a bust European company is harder in two other ways. First, with no equivalent of Chapter 11, bankruptcy forces companies to stop trading abruptly. That damages the value of the creditors' potential assets, and may also cause havoc for customers. Second, a company that trades across the European Union will find that it has to abide by different bankruptcy laws in the 15 member states, whose courts and administrators may make conflicting and sometimes incompatible stipulations. The absence of provision for negotiations between companies and creditors increases the temptation for government to step in. When governments do not come to the rescue, the lack of clear rules can lead to chaos. As a result of all this, Europe's teetering firms miss the chance to become more competitive by selling assets to others who might manage them more efficiently. Their sickly American rivals survive, transformed, to sweep the field. An opportunity now exists to think again about Europe's approach to bankruptcy. The European Union is expected to issue a new directive on the subject in May. Germany has begun to update its insolvency law. And last year Britain produced a white paper saying that a rigid approach to bankruptcy could stifle the growth needed to meet Lisbon's goals.