问答题Directions:You are supposed to put forward some rules for job-seekers and you may offer your suggestions in terms of the following points: 1) appearance, 2) ability and knowledge, and 3) confidence. You should write about100 words on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)

问答题When workers become more efficient, it's normally a good thing. But lately, it has acted as a powerful brake on job creation. And the question of whether the recent surge in productivity has run its course is the key to whether job growth is finally poised to take off. One of the great surprises of the economic downturn that began 27 months ago is this.. Businesses are producing only 3 percent fewer goods and services than they were at the end of 2007, yet Americans are working nearly 10 percent fewer hours because of a mix of layoffs and cutbacks in the workweek. (46) That means high-level gains in productivity--which in the long run is the key to a higher standard of living but in the short run contributes to sky-high unemployment. So long as employers can squeeze dramatically higher output from every worker, they won't need to hire again despite the growing economy. (47) On Friday, the Labor Department will release a closely watched March employment report expected to show the strongest job growth in three years, driven by stabilization in the economy and a rebound from February snowstorms. A strong March job-growth number-at a time when the economy is growing at only a middling pace--would suggest that the productivity boom has largely run its course. (48) Regardless, the question of what caused the burst in workers' efficiency is one of the great unanswered questions of the expansion and has huge stakes for the economy over the coming year. "It is an episode that we're going to--we, economists in general--are going to want to understand better and look at for a long time," Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said at a hearing last week in which he described the productivity gains as "extraordinary" and acknowledged he had not foreseen them. (49) Businesses have certainly not been investing in new equipment that might enable workers to be more efficient-capital expenditures plummeted during the recession and are rebounding slowly. (50) And the structural shifts occurring in the economy are so profound that one would expect productivity to be lower, rather than higher, as people need new training to work in parts of the economy that are growing, such as exports and the clean-energy sector. So what's happening? As best as anyone can guess, the crisis that began in 2007 and deepened in 2008 caused both businesses and workers to panic.

问答题1. Pet-keeping is beneficial to people in several ways. 2. Economically, keeping- pet seems to be a kind of waste. 3. Your opinion about pets. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER'SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Suppose IA Ming has caught a flu. He wants you to write a note to your teacher and ask for leave for three days. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Study the following information carefully and write letter in at least 100 words. Your name is Li Ming, a student of the Department of Applied Physics, Tsinghua University. You hope to further your study in Boston University( Massachusetts, USA)upon your graduation next year. Now you are writing to the office of graduate admissions to ask for the Application Form and other relative materials. The following points should also be covered in your letter: 1) your personal information; 2) the reason why you choose Boston university; 3) a brief study plan. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a college student and you intend to work part time during your vacation. Write a covering letter. In your letter, you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for, your experience and your hobbies, etc. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题If you were a woman reading this magazine 40 years ago, the odds were good that your husband provided the money to buy it. That you voted the same way he did. That if you got breast cancer, he might be asked to sign the form authorizing an operation. That your son was heading to college but not your daughter. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}That your boss, if you had a job, could explain that he was paying you less because, after all, you were probably working just for pocket money.{{/U}} It's funny how things change slowly, until the day we realize they've changed completely.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}It's expected that by the end of the year, for the first time in history the maioriw of workers in the U.S. will be women-largely because the downturn has hit men so hard.{{/U}} This is an extraordinary change in a single generation, and it is gathering speed. More and more women are the primary breadwinner in their household (almost 40%) or are providing essential income for the family's bottom line. Their buying power has never been greater-and their choices have seldom been harder. It is in this context that the Rockefeller Foundation, in collaboration with TIME, conducted a landmark survey of gender issues to assess how individual Americans are reacting. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The study found that men and women are in broad agreement about what matters most to them, and as the Old Economy dissolves and pressures on working parents grow, they share their fears and frustration{{/U}}. However, this is not to say there's nothing left to argue about. More than two-thirds of women still think men resent powerful women, yet women are more likely than men to say female bosses are harder to work for than male ones. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Among the most puzzling changes of all is the evidence, tracked by numerous surveys, that as women have gained more freedom, more education and more economic power, they have become less happy{{/U}}. No tidy theory explains the trend, but there are a few ways to look at it. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}It may be that women have become more honest about what troubles them; Or that they are now free to wrestle with the same pressures and conflicts that once accounted for greater male unhappiness{{/U}}. Or that modern life in a global economy is simply more stressful for everyone but especially for women, who are working longer hours while playing quarterback at home. Today's world is no longer a man's world, nor is it a woman's nation. It's a cooperative, with bylaws under constant negotiation and expectations that profits be equally shared.

问答题Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way, she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually sees of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, year-long cohabitation. (46) Couples need to take up separate interests (and friendship) as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other's personalities. (47) Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests--being amusing, discussing with passion and point--and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone. As in all friendship, a husband and wife must try to interest each other, and to spend sufficient time sharing absorbing activities to give-them continuing common interests, (48) But at the same time they must spend enough time on separate interests with separate people to preserve and develop their separate personalities and keep their relationship fresh. (49) For too many highly intelligent working women, home represents chore obligations, because the husband only tolerates her work and does not participate in household chores. For too many highly intelligent working men, home represents dullness and complaints--from an over-dependent wife who will not gather courage to make their own life. In such an atmosphere, the partners grow further and further apart, both love and liking disappearing. (50) For too many couples with children, the children are allowed to command all time and attention, allowing the couple no time to develop liking and friendship, as well as love, allotting exclusive parental roles.

问答题Directions: You"ve learned that your friend Jimmy was injured in a car accident. Write him a letter expressing your concern and giving your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don"t need to write the address.

问答题(46) Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain' s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. (47) The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. (48) Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Northern colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. (49) However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of America. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan (Northern) colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. (50) Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Northern colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) (46) {{U}}Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions, techniques, and language that characterize the life of the group.{{/U}} As culture is so inclusive, it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly people's behavior, including linguistic behavior. (47) {{U}}When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself; however, in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in different people.{{/U}} Take the word dog for example. In the United States, the word dog in most instances conjures up an image of a furry, domesticated family pet. In some areas of the world, such as South Korea, however, dogs are considered to be a culinary amenity and often are eaten. Therefore, the word dog elicits a quite different meaning because of different cultural experiences. This example indicates that language is heavily tinted with its culture. (48) {{U}}From the above, we can infer that a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent shared world knowledge of its people, but also reflects the people's attitudes beliefs, world outlooks etc.{{/U}} In a word, language expresses cultural reality. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. If he moves to another community or country, he may be recognized easily not as a member of the local community group but as a newcomer from the ways he uses his language. This implies that language embodies cultural identity. As language is tightly intertwined with culture, learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture. (49) {{U}}When learning a foreign language, we should not only learn the mere imitation of the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms but also learn to see the world as native speakers do, that is to say, learn the wags in which the foreign language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of that society, learn to understand their "language of the mind".{{/U}} We need to learn enough about the language's culture so that we can communicate in the target language properly to achieve not only the linguistic competence but also communicative competence. This is of great significance in learning a foreign language. (50) {{U}}Otherwise the ignorance of cultural differences between mother tongue and target language will inevitable create barriers in learning the target language, thus causing some misunderstandings and confusions frequently.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The date is January 18, 2005. You are a member of the student union of a university. Write a memorandum to the head of the student service department and ask him to have a television furnished for each dormitory. Your memorandum should be based on the following outline: 1) give reasons for your request; 2) express hope for prompt action. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the memorandum. Use "Ma He" instead.