问答题 Directions: Write a letter to apply for a part-time job in a local English training school. In the letter you should include the following items: 1) the position you are to apply for, 2) your experience and related ability, 3) asking about related information about the job. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 'Li Ming' instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence, which is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it.{{/U}} In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and a positron, or anti-electron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear, and their presence can never be detected directly. (47){{U}} They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected.{{/U}} Thus it is still possible to define that vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. (48) {{U}}A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true, and there are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy.{{/U}} If the reduction in energy is great enough, an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and positron are not a result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of lower energy; i.e., one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. (49) {{U}}As a result of the decay of the vacuum,{{/U}} the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge, and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of a super heavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. (50) {{U}}A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the decay of the vacuum.{{/U}} Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way.

问答题Directions: Write an essay of 160--200 words based on the following topic. My Ideal Future Job In your essay, you should 1) state clearly what your ideal future job is, 2) illustrate why you would like to take this job, and 3) draw a nature conclusion to your essay. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 Like other forms of life on this planet, human beings confront a basic task: to deal satisfactorily with their conflicts and thereby secure the advantages of community and cooperation. {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Unlike other forms of life, human beings are endowed with a capacity to reflect on this task and to search for better solutions by conscious thought and deliberate choices.{{/U}} The task of overcoming conflicts and achieving community and cooperation arises because human beings are unable and unwilling to live in complete isolation. {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The advantages of cooperation and community life are so numerous and so obvious that they must have been evident to man from earliest times.{{/U}} By now, our ancestors have closed off the choice; for most of us the option of total isolation from a community is, realistically speaking, no longer open. {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Nonetheless, however strongly_ human beings are driven to seek the company of one another, and despite thousands of years' practice they have never discovered a way in which they can live together without conflict{{/U}}. Conflict exists when one individual wishes to follow a line of action that would make it difficult or impossible for someone else to pursue his own desires. Conflict seems to be an inescapable aspect of the community and consequently of human being. Why conflict seems inescapable is a question that has troubled many people: philosophers, theologians, historians, social scientists, and doubtless a great many ordinary people. James Madison held that conflict was built into the very nature of men and women. Human beings have diverse abilities, he wrote in The Federalist, and these in turn produce diverse interests. {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}"As long as man has irrational ideas, and he is at liberty to exercise it," Madison wrote, "different opinions will be formed."{{/U}} Whatever the explanation for conflict may be, and Madison's is but one of many, its experience is one of the prime facts of all community of life. Yet if this were the only fact, then human life would fit the description by the English political philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, in his Leviathan (1651). Hobbes describes mankind in a state of nature-a condition without government-having little in the way of agriculture, industry, trade, knowledge, arts, letters or society. {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}"And which is worst of all," he concluded in a famous sentence, to exist without government would mean "continual fear, and danger of violent death and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty and short."{{/U}}

问答题France"s tradition of making exquisite luxuries dates back at least to the court of Louis XIV. 16 The sun king financed ebenistes (cabinet-makers), tapisseurs (upholsterers), menuisiers (carpenters) and other artisans who made beautiful and largely useless things for the court of Versailles. Bernard Arnault might be his heir. Mr. Amault is the chairman, chief executive and controlling shareholder of Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH), the world"s largest luxury group. 17 Over the past quarter-century he has transformed a small, nearly defunct clothing manufacturer into a conglomerate that controls more than 60 luxury brands. Credit Suisse, a bank, predicts that LVMH"s combined sales will reach ? 27 billion ($33 billion) this year. Its profits in 2011 were ? 3.5 billion and its market capitalization is a cork-popping ? 62 billion. LVMH is more profitable than other luxury groups. "LVMH is like a mini Germany," boasts an insider. Like that country"s Mittelstand, it has built a reputation for craftsmanship and quality that people are happy to pay extra for. 18 The difference is, the Mittelstand makes unsexy things such as machine tools and shaving brushes, whereas LVMH makes champagne hand-bags and other objects of desire. Also like the Mittelstand, LVMH energetically pursues opportunities abroad. 19 After years of hard marketing, it has persuaded much of Asia"s new middle class that its wares confer a whiff of European sophistication. Sales in Asia (Japan except) accounted for 27% of the total in 2011, up from 17% in 2001. In Japan, which generated 15% of the group"s sales a decade ago, a startling 85% of women now own a Louis Vuitton product. It takes a rare talent to be ubiquitous and yet retain an air of exclusivity. A final similarity is that, like the Mittelstand, LVMH is made up of lots of family firms. The difference is that the ones that make up LVMH have been swallowed by a hungry conglomerate. Some didn"t object. Last year LVMH bought Bulgari, an Italian jeweler, for ? 4.3 billion. The Bulgari family were happy to take the cash. 20 Their business had hit a rough patch after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, and they thought Mr. Arnault would make a good sugar daddy for their brand.

问答题Directions: You have been ill and hospitalized for one month. Your teachers and classmates went to see you. Write a letter to them to 1) thank them for their coming to see you, 2) express your feeling, and 3) state your present condition. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeareportforauniversitylecturerto1.describethepictureandshowyourunderstanding2.giveyourcomment,and3.presentyousuggestionsYoushouldneatlywrite160--200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions:Your son kicked his ball through your neighbor's window. Write a letter to tell your neighbor 1) your regret at hearing the news, 2) your intention to compensate for the damage, 3) your apology.You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题教育改革关键在于实现教育公平 目前，我国教育仍存在诸多问题，主要表现为教育投入、办学条件、投资力量城乡和地区之间差距大：进城务工的农民工子女上学困难；相当部分贫困学生难以承受高中和大学的学费；地区之间高等教育的入学机会存在明显差距。以上问题的根源在于教育的不公平。 教育公平是社会公平的基础，是建设社会主义和谐社会的客观要求。总书记指出：要坚定不移地实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略。切实把教育放在优先发展的地位，推进教育事业的全面协调可持续发展，努力把我国建设成人力资源强国，为全面建设小康社会和实现中华民族的伟大复兴提供强有力的人才和人力资源保证。因此，各级政府和各部门必须站在全面建设小康社会和建设社会主义和谐社会的高度，以科学的发展观和正确的政绩观为指导，提高对教育公平的重视，采取有效措施来解决教育公平问题。 实现教育公平首先政府应当首当其冲，担当起责任。逐步增加公共财政对教育事业的支持力度，充分发挥政府的调节资源配置职能，公平地分配教育资源，尤其对贫困落后地区要做适当的政策倾斜，改变其办学条件差，师资力量薄弱的现状，实现教育质量公平。同时，政府要加大对教育管理的监督力度，把教育公平纳入政府绩效考核体系．加强政府教育问责制度建设。 其次，要改革现有的教育体制。取消重点校，改革高考的招考制度统一试卷、统一分数线、统一分专业，打破高考的户口、身份和地区界限。使广大考生拥有同等接受教育的机会，实现教育机会公平。 第三，加强和完善教育立法。要进一步加强和完善教育立法，用法律来保障教育公平的实现。进行高校管理制度、收费制度、贷款和还款制度、办学评估制度改革。针对教育领域存在的问题，用法律给予调整和规范。坚决打击教育领域的各种违法犯罪活动，坚决纠正各种教育收费不规范和乱收费行为。用法治精神确保教育公平的实现。 第四，建立教育社会救济制度，让贫困学生上得起学。政府一方面主动建立救济资金，另一方面鼓励企事业单位、社会组织和公众个人对贫困学生进行捐资助学。通过奖学金、助学金和贷学金等各种形式，对贫困家庭学生实行减收、免收学费和进行生活补贴，来解决贫困家庭子女和农民工子女上学问题。 第五，建立教育公平督导、监测和报告制度。定期进行教育信息公开披露。指定专门机构和人员，组织调查和检测教育公平的现状、变化和影响因素，协调相关部门督导和评价各级政府部门推进教育公平情况，定期向社会公布督导和评价结果。 教育是一个民族最根本的事业，涉及千家万户，惠及子孙后代，关系到国家的命运，关系到民族的长治久安，关系到广大人民的根本利益。在构建社会主义和谐社会中起到关键作用。消除歧视，建立教育公平是建立社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。孔子说；“有教无类”。只有实现公平才能有真正意义上的和谐局面，才能保证国民经济快速、持久的发展。

问答题 The middle classes have always been the defense wall of society. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Aristotle believed they were democracy's secret weapon-the protectors of social values, the moderators of political extremism, and believers in a society run by laws instead of by strongmen.{{/U}} They have also been the engines of economic growth, setting the stage centuries ago for the expansion of capitalism and global trade, and continuing through the ages to snap up every new gadget in sight. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Now, with the Western middle classes sinking into debt and distress, many economists look to a new emerging-market middle class as the potential foundation for a new age of global safety and prosperity.{{/U}} As large developing nations became more prosperous, it was always assumed that they would become more like the suburbs of Washington or London-liberal, democratic, market-friendly bastions not only of Western-style consumerism but also of political liberty. With time and wealth, "they" would become just like "us." The truth is that "they" are not becoming just like "us." {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The global middle class is rising faster than expected, in numbers and in wealth, but converging incomes are not yielding shared values{{/U}}. The emerging bourgeoisie is a patchwork of contradictions: clamorous but rarely confrontational politically, supporters of globalization yet highly nationalistic, proud of their nations' upward mobility yet insecure and fearful they will fall back, fiercely individualistic but reliant on government subsidies, and often socially conservative. Many of the aspiring elite seem willing to let the powers that be-whether authoritarian governments or elected ones-call the shots as long as they deliver the spoils of growth. It's also worth remembering that the new middle classes are psychologically driven by an odd mix of pride and insecurity. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Close to 30 percent of Brazil's new middle class owes its livelihood to the informal market, where income is irregular, safety nets are nonexistent, and opportunity for entrepreneurship is limited{{/U}}. Many have borrowed their way to higher living standards, one reason perhaps that 53 percent say they live in fear of unemployment, loss of income, or even bankruptcy. They have benefited from the explosion of private schools but have seen the overall quality of education plummet, eroding one of the classic middle-class paths to social mobility. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Indeed, some development economists argue that the poor will be a greater force for social change, but their ability to become a force for better government, greater freedoms, less corruption, and more economic liberty is much less certain.{{/U}} "They" have a very long way to go before becoming "us."

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingcartoon.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examplesYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)