问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write your address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write an announcement to your schoolmates, informing them an off-campus activity on September 18th. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. In the long period from 1500 to 1800, western European nation-states were all influenced by a set of ideas known as mercantilism. (46){{U}} Mercantilist doctrine and institutions were important because they were held by practical businesspeople and heads of state who strongly influenced public policy and institutional change.{{/U}} The primary aim of mercantilists was to achieve power and wealth for the state. To generate an inflow of gold or silver through trade, the value of exports should exceed the value of imports. And the state could attain great power only if political and economic unity became a fact. (47) {{U}}If all the materials necessary to foster domestic industry were not available, they could best be obtained by establishing colonies or friendly foreign trading posts from which such goods could be imported.{{/U}} And a strong merchant marine could carry foreign goods, thereby helping to secure favorable trade balances. (48) {{U}}Mercantilists believed that these means of achieving national power could be made effective by the passage and strict enforcement of legislation regulating economic life.{{/U}} (49){{U}} Almost as soon as Virginia tobacco began to be shipped in commercial quantities to England, King James I levied a tax on it while agreeing to prohibit the growth of competing tobacco in England.{{/U}} Taxes, regulation, and subsidies were all used as mercantile policies, but the primary ones that affected the colonies were the Navigation Acts. In 1640s, Americans had slipped into the habit of shipping their goods directly to continental ports, and the Dutch made great inroads into the carrying trade of the colonies. After the Restoration, England was in a position to enforce a strict commercial policy, beginning with the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663. Despite the continued modifications to these acts by policy changes, it is sufficient to note three primary categories of trade restriction: (50) {{U}}All trade of the colonies was to be carried in vessels that were English built and owned, commanded by an English captain, and manned by a crew of whom three-quarters were English.{{/U}} All foreign merchants were excluded from dealing directly in the commerce of the English colonies. They could engage in colonial trade only through England and merchants resident there. Certain commodities produced in the colonies could be exported only to England (essentially any destination within the Empire). These "enumerated" goods included sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, ginger and so on.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write a notice. Your class is going camping. Write a notice with a list of Dos and Dont's. Think of the following: where to put up your tents; shade; washing up; bathing; lighting fires; cooking; boiling water; storing food; animals; toilets You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethefollowingdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: Study the pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled "How to be a Healthy Modem Person". In the essay,' you should (1) describe the pictures; (2) interpret their meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women"s emancipation in Western societies. 46) Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference", or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women"s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. 47) By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates women"s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. 48) Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought and which still predominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. 49) Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to emphasize women"s special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers. They demanded special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers, state- sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework. Relational arguments have a major pitfall: because they underline women"s physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. 50) But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women"s autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.

问答题1) express your gratitude 2) show your appreciation of the good days you've had together 3) and give her your wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题The notion that we might need nuclear energy to stave off global warming makes me want to laugh and cry at the same time. It is a self-fulfilling prophecy that began when Ronald Reagan took office in 1981 and promptly removed Jimmy Carter's solar panels from the White House roof. (46) It was not simply a symbolic act. Reagan also slashed alternative energy funding so deeply that it virtually put the solar industry out of business. (47) Alternatives are hampered today because Reagan was doing then what Bush is doing now: serving the interests of big oil, which seeks to squeeze out every last drop of profit from fossil fuels. The war in Iraq and other foreign policy actions today continue with that aim. And nuclear is not unlike oil in that it is a very centralized industry, controlled by a few companies. It will enrich the few and further hamper progress for renewables. (48) A decentralized energy future will be far better for an economy that wants to float all boats ( not just yachts) while not having so many energy eggs in one basket. That nuclear might belong in the mix right now is only due to the climate predicament we are in because of our past sins. If undertaken at all, it should only be a bridge (a "necessary evil") to a future powered instead by many forms of safe, clean energy sources. Much is happening now in that regard, spurred by our almost sudden acceptance that global warming is real. Seattle wants to harness ocean power and provide electricity for 60,000 homes. Similar projects are planned from Alaska to New York. (49) Wind power has quadrupled since 2000 and, though wind is now only one percent of the U. S. power grid, it is poised for a quantum leap; offshore wind projects are in various stages of development in Maryland, Texas, Massachusetts, New York and elsewhere. Hydrogen- and electric-powered cars are also likely to come online more quickly than we imagined even five years ago. Nuclear has far too many problems, not the least of which is its waste, which will only become a bigger problem if its use proliferates. The waste stays radioactive for thousands of years and has to be buried underground. (50) Even if plans for doing that are ever realized, deadly waste will need to be transported across the country, through communities, subjecting people to unacceptable risks. Nuclear is also still a large accident risk. Industry proponents claim that nuclear is safer today than ever before, but even a small malfunction or leak could have devastating effects. And even if Chernobyl-style meltdowns are not likely, nuclear facilities still emit low-level radiation, a potentially serious public health concern.

问答题Directions: Write to the head of a train, and complain about its bad services. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: You lost a book you borrowed from your friend William. Write him a letter to make an apology, and state your reason(s). You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.