问答题Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. (46) {{U}}With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early 1990s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think and communicate with others.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}The unprecedented success of the-Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing,{{/U}} as well as the farsighted policies of the US government. Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors. (48) {{U}}First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be that the industry needs in order to move forward.{{/U}} Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no shame attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough. (49) {{U}}A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. {{/U}}Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to ultimate success. (50) {{U}}Of equal importance, bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies.{{/U}} There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition. Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise.

问答题WHO was the first modern artist.9 How about Giorgione? (46)A far-fetched notion, perhaps, but this Renaissance Venetian revolutionized painting--and his work, focusing on subjects such as bodies, landscapes and female beauty, was titled "modern" by the leading art commentator of the day, Vasari. Giorgione was not alone, as illustrated by the excellent catalogue accompanying the exhibition "Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, and the Renaissance of Venetian Painting" now showing at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. (47)What made him, and the generation of artists he inspired, so special was his ability to absorb the new currents of culture then flowing through Venice. A catalyst was Leonardo da Vinci, who briefly visited Venice in 1500. In Leonardo's drawings, Giorgione, as well as the younger artist, Titian, and their master, Giovanni Bellini, glimpsed a new conception of the human form, based on observation and expressed in smoky contours and subtle shades of light and dark. Over the subsequent 30 years, one of the most exciting periods in the history of art unfolded. In readable, engaging essays, David Brown and Sylvia Ferino-Pagden, the exhibition's curators, together with a team of top scholars, tell its story. We learn how this triumvirate of Venetian painters devoured not only Leonardo's ideas, but also those of Albrecht Darer, the German artist whose realistic rendering of nature was known in Venice through prints, even before his sojourn there in 1506-7. (48)Darer's work taught Venetian artists that landscape could be an independent element of a painting, rather than just a symbolic backdrop for religious subjects. The result was a new style full of natural movement, sensuality and poetic atmosphere. (49) Venetian painting had long been characterized by its jewel-like color--obtained by grinding colored glass and minerals--but now it was applied in a way that gave art the kiss of life. Giorgione blazed the trail. A top student of Bellini, he later forged his own style, inspired by the current vogue for pastoral love poetry based on recently discovered ancient texts, then the bestsellers of Venice's flourishing printing industry. (50) He excelled at what was known among the educated elite as the model a competition between painting and poetry in which painters sought to prove that they could rival poets in conveying beauty by appealing to the eyes, as well as to the mind. This was revolutionary because it implied that painting originated in the imagination of the artist, rather than being a simple recording of the great and the good, history and religion. It proved painters were creators and not just craftsmen.

问答题Both common sense and research say memory declines over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are at their best immediately after encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. 46)The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere with the original memory, which reduces accuracy. Admittedly, subsequent interviews or media reports can create such distortions. 47)"People are particularly susceptible to having their memories modified when the passage of time allows the original memory to fade. and will be most susceptible if they repeat the misinformation as fact." Leading questions can lead to mistakes. If witnesses are asked whether the offender had a beard, they may incorporate an imaginary beard into their memories. Subsequent questioning can reinforce the error through repetition. It is generally agreed that the memories of adults and children are fallible. Nevertheless, even prschoolers can form reliable memories. Young children depend on context to promote memory, and naturally report less. Children may recall more information with adequate support, but the type of support and questioning is critical. Methods of drawing out information have to be carefully monitored. Although research shows the accuracy of both adults and children can be affected by leading or suggestive questions, the ability to resist the influence of external suggestion increases with age. 48) Children may change their account of an event, not because their memory has altered but because they wish to comply with the suggestion of an adult in authority, or because they interpret repeated questioning as an indication that their first response is judged wrong. An area of research still relatively unexplored is whether young children have difficulties distinguishing between real and imagined events. We conclude that while children are often seen as unreliable witnesses, research does not bear that out. 49) The code provides alternative ways for children to give evidence to increase accuracy ,and gives judges guidance on what to tell a jury to help assess the evidence of very young children. It is generally agreed some adults who experience sexual abuse may recall memories of the abuse after forgetting it. There is no research to indicate the recalled memories are more or less accurate than memories available all along. We believe it is impossible to distinguish a true from a false memory and it is dangerous to use confidence, vividness and detail as indicating truth. 50) False memories can be induced under hypnosis, and experiments have indicated it is possible, although difficult to implant false memories of entire events by suggestion. Hopefully, further research is required into interview techniques and conditions under which false memories and reports of abuse are most likely to arise. It seems that deciding whether any memory is to be finally assessed as reliable or the treacherous ally of invention will largely remain a challenge for judges and juries.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayto1)deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepicture,2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{B}}TheProblemofChewingGum{{/B}}

问答题Directions:A. Title: On ConfidenceB. Time Limit: 40 minutesC. Word limit: about 200 wordsD. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below: (1) some people lack confidence; (2) the value of confidence; (3) your opinion.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. While many people might assume that Mothers' Day is a holiday invented by the fine folks at Hallmark, it's not so. The earliest Mothers' Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece, honoring Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. The Romans called their version of the event the Hilaria, and celebrated on the Ides (古罗马历中的3月15日)of March by making offerings in the temple of Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Early Christians celebrated the festival on the fourth Sunday of Lent in honor of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ. In more recent times, relatively speaking—England in the 1600s—the celebration was expanded to include all mothers with "Mothering Sunday" being celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent (the 40 day period leading up to Easter). 46){{U}}Besides attending church services in honor of the Virgin Mary, children returned home from the cities with gifts, flowers, and special Mothering Day cakes that were important parts of the celebration.{{/U}} Mothers' Day festivities in the United States date back to 1872 when Julia Ward Howe (her other claim to fame was writing the lyrics(歌词) for the "Battle Hymn of the Republic") suggested the day be dedicated to peace. Ms. Howe would hold organized Mothers' Day meetings in Boston, Massachusetts ever year. In 1907, Ana Jarvis, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania school teacher, furthered the cause by beginning a campaign to establish a national Mothers' Day. 47){{U}}Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mothers' Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, which happened to be on the 2nd Sunday of May that year. By the following year{{/U}}, Mothers' Day was also being celebrated in Philadelphia. Not content to rest on her laurels(殊荣), Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mothers' Day and in 1912, the Mothers' Day International Association was incorporated for the purpose of promoting the day and its observance. 48){{U}}In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson made it official by proclaiming Mothers' Day a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.{{/U}} It is somewhat ironic that after all her efforts, Ana Jarvis ended up growing bitter over what she perceived as the corruption of the holiday she created. 49){{U}}She hated the commercialization of the holiday and grew so enraged by it that she filed a lawsuit to stop a 1923 Mothers' Day festival and was even arrested for disturbing the peace at a mothers' gathering where women sold white carnations(康乃馨)—Jarvis' symbol for mothers—to raise money{{/U}}. Ana Jarvis' story is not a happy one. Things went from bad to worse and she eventually lost everything and everyone that was close to her and died alone in a sanatorium(疗养地) in 1948. Shortly before her death, Jarvis told a reporter she was sorry she had ever started Mothers' Day. 50){{U}}Aha may be gone. but Mothers' Day lives on, regardless of whether it meets her approval{{/U}}. Many countries throughout the world celebrate Mothers' Day at various times throughout the year, but some such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium also celebrate Mothers' Day on the second Sunday of May.

问答题Directions: Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled "On the Essential Responsibility of the Professor". In the essay, you should (1) describe the pictures; (2) interpret their meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970and1990.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Once the exclusive domain of executives with expense accounts, mobile phones are set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. (46) {{U}}Within a few years, the mobile phone will evolve from a voice-only device to a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but video, still images, data and text. {{/U}}A whole new era of personal communication is on the way. Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. (47) {{U}}Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high resolution screens--which can be embedded in everything from wristwatches to palm-held units will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive E-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. {{/U}}These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet. The communications revolution is already taking shape around the globe. In Europe, mall-scale trials are under way using mobile phones for electronic commerce. For example, most phones contain a subscriber identification module (SIM) card that serves primarily to identify a user to the phone network. Some manufacturers plan to upgrade the SIM card to an all-in-one personal identification and credit card. Another approach is to add a slot to mobile phones for a second smart card designed specifically for mobile ecommerce. (48) {{U}}These cards could be used to make payments over the Internet or removed from the phone for use in point of-sale terminals to pay for things like public transportation, movie tickets or a round of drinks at the bar. {{/U}} In France, Motorola is currently testing a dual slot phone, the Star TACD, in a trial with France Telecom while in Finland Nokia is testing a phone that uses a special plug in reader for a tiny smart card. Siemens is pursuing a different approach. (49) {{U}}Since it is not very clear whether it's best to do everything with a single device, Siemens is developing dual slot phones and Einstein, a device equipped with a smart card reader and keypad that can be linked to the phone via infrared wireless technology. {{/U}} (50) {{U}}For those who want to, though, it will be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device, most likely a three-in-one phone that serves as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. {{/U}}"The mobile phone will become increasingly multifunctional," says Burghardt Schallenberger, vice president for technology and innovation at Siemens Information and Consumer Products.

问答题{{B}}Outline:{{/B}} 1. Present situation 2. Its advantages and disadvantages 3. Your own viewpoints.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are Li Ming. You are going to graduate from the university two weeks later. You and your classmates will hold a dinner party at that time. You all want to invite Prof. Wang to the party and now you write a letter of invitation. And your writing should include: 1) your sincere invitation, 2) your pleasure for his acceptance, and 3) some further remarks. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then write a summary based on it. Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Increasingly over the past ten years, people -- especially young people -- have become aware of the need to change their eating habits because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today. Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount -- but not the quality -- of foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry, there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts, on diet. Take, for example, the question of' sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is true that sugar has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person Consumes an average of 200 pounds (90 kg) a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole-meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on "healthy eating".

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Interpretthepicture,2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,3.Andsuggestcounter-measures.