问答题 Directions: Last month you bought a pair of leather shoes from a shop. But now you find that the shoes are in bad quality. Write a letter to the manager of the shop to explain 1) your complain, 2) the problem with the shoes, and 3) your request. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题Ethics are moral standards, not governed by law, that focus on the human consequences of actions. (46) Ethics often require behavior that meets higher standards than that established by law, including selfless behavior rather than calculated action intended to produce a tangible benefit. Ethics are a product of a society's culture, which includes its traditions, customs, values, and norms. Within a society, ethical behavior is usually taken for granted. (47) Members implicitly understand how relationships, duties, and obligations among people and groups ought to be conducted and distinguish between their self-interests and the interests of others. Different cultures and political regimes have different interpretations of legality and ethics. Countries also control and punish unethical and illegal behavior in a variety of ways. Who determines what is right or wrong.9 Ethical relativism and universalism are different views on whether a person or group should set ethical standards and to whom the standards apply. Individual ethical relativism is the view that there is no absolute principle of right and wrong, good or bad, in any social situation. The individual persons in a particular situation determine what is right and wrong. In its extreme form, ethics are a personal judgment independent of societal norms and values. Cultural ethical relativism is the doctrine that what is right or wrong, good or bad, depends on one's culture. If the values of a society support certain acts as ethical and morally correct, then they are acceptable behavior for that society. (48) The counter argument, ethical universalism, maintains that there are universal and objective ethical rules located deep within a culture that also apply across societies. Moral philosophers usually reject ethical relativism because "despite differing practices and beliefs, people often do not disagree about ultimate moral standards. " (49) For example, anthropological research demonstrates that behaviors in a wide variety of societies that appear to be unethical or immoral from a particular cultural perspective—usually Western culture—reflect similar ultimate values upon closer inspection. For corporations, however, moral relativism has considerable appeal. It is an attractive position when the business ethics of other cultures are difficult to understand and interpret. It avoids these problems because it permits a business to use its own ethical standards. (50) More compelling reason for accepting relativism is reluctance to give competitive advantage to cultures that conduct business using different, often less stringent, moral and ethical standards. What should be an organization's approach to ethics? Two fundamental perspectives of corporate ethical and social responsibility are the efficiency perspective and social responsibility theory. Neither can be demonstrated to be preferable by scientific analysis. The positions are grounded in different assumptions about the relationships among human action, economic principles, and desirable social outcomes.

问答题In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade-restricting and trade-expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this; it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. (46) The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term" protection". But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. (47) The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism…, coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptable of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez-faire( 放任政策).(48) Now, as in the 1930's, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction." It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistributions of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. (49)In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. (50) The welfare state has made significant progress in the United Stages as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum-wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Your friend Peter had a traffic accident and one of his legs was injured. Write a note asking after his health. You should write 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Using "Li Ming" instead.

问答题Directions: Write a letter according to the situation below: You bought a walkman in a store recently. But when you came back to school, you found that there was something wrong with it. Write to the manager of the store. Ask him to replace the walkman or refund your money. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题 Directions:A. Study the following account of a personal experience carefully and write an essay in no less than 200 words.B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below. 1) Elaborate your impressions on the story told, and 2) point out its implications in our life. One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people--the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed t-o being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. I believe that in life--as well as on boat trips-teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life...

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethedrawingandinterpretitsmeaning,2.Andgiveyourcomments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. United States Senator John Glenn returned to orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery in late October, 1998, 36 years after his first lift-off from Cape Canaveral in Florida. (46) {{U}}The 77-year-old politician, who in 1962 became America's first man to orbit the Earth, blasted off with six other astronauts on a mission that would include research into ageing.{{/U}} Taking leave of him at the space center along with 3,000 media representatives, 20,000 invited guests and an estimated half million people who crowded vantage points round about to watch the launch-- were his wife of more than 50 years, Annie, his two children and two grandchildren. Glenn fever struck Florida's space coast months ahead of the launch, with hotel rooms booked up half a year in advance. One local newspaper called the phenomenon "Hurricane Glenn", an ironic reference to the spate of devastating hurricane that had already hit the Florida coast during 1998. The Ohio senator had campaigned for several years to be allowed this return trip into space. (47) {{U}}NASA administers finally agreed to his proposed study on the effects of weightlessness on elderly people and the possible parallels between the side-effects of weightlessness and the ageing process itself.{{/U}} (48) {{U}}Critics, however, complained that the mission was little more than a public relations exercise aimed at raising the profile of NASA, and would do nothing to advance research into the geriatric condition.{{/U}} Some were even saying that the trip represented the ultimate congressional junket. Glenn insisted from the beginning that the space mission was a serious one, however. He subjected himself--and others--to a series of tests in a special laboratory while in orbit. (49) {{U}}He swallowed a special thermometer before lift-off so that his temperature could be monitored, and had a tube implanted in his arm to facilitate the taking of blood samples without the need for fresh needles each time.{{/U}} Other tests conducted on his return to Earth were designed to measure his bone density and changes in his spinal cord. (50) {{U}}NASA officials fuelled suspicion that Glenn's trip had dubious practical value, however, by announcing that there were no plans to test any more elderly astronauts after his trip.{{/U}} This was despite the fact that 67-year-old Jerrie Cobb, one of 13 women who trained for the Space programme with Glenn in the early 1960s but who were never allowed to fly, expressed her determination to become the next geriatric guineapig in orbit. The space experience has changed a great deal in the 36 years since Glenn was last in orbit. Unlike his five-hour 1962 trip, this was no solo mission.

问答题Write a letter to China Telecom to show your puzzle about your telephone fees in the past month. In the description you should include the following items: 1) what is your puzzle about the telephone bills? 2) your explanations, and 3) your inquiries.

问答题Directions:Title: The Prospects of the 21st CenturyOutline:1. What will the world be like in the twenty-first century?2. Yet the effect of the advanced technology may conflict with the benefits we will gain from the new age of science technology.3. To us student, the twenty-first century more likely means a challenge than a change.You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题1)interpretthefollowingcartoon.2)possiblereasonsforthephenomenon.3)yourcomments.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly;2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithexamples.YoushoudwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 Directions: Title: Speed vs. Safety in Riding a Bicycle Outline: Is low speed the only guarantee of safety in riding a bicycle? Why? Is it the same in other things in our life? You should write about 160～200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleonthewasteofenergy.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethepicture,and2)analysethereasonsandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题 The four girls in "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants" make a pact. (46){{U}}Having found the magic every woman dreams of, a pair of jeans that fits all four of them perfectly, they vow to share them long-distance during their first summer apart.{{/U}} The jeans must be magic, because the girls' shapes couldn't be more different. Petite Lena (Alexis Bledel) is allergic to boys who see her as a beautiful face. Witty Carmen (America Ferrera ) is too curvy to fit into the bridesmaid's gown ordered for her by Lydia (Nancy Travis), the Southern bride-to-be of her divorced father (Bradley Whitford). Bridget (Blake Lively), a lanky star athlete, has never come to terms with her mother's suicide. (47) {{U}}And Tibby (Amber Tamblyn) is a blue-haired cynic whose summer job at a superstore named Wallman's is paying for video equipment to make her first film.{{/U}} (48){{U}}The girls pass the jeans around to bring them luck when they are separated: Lena with relatives on Santorini where Kostas (Michael Rady) changes her mind about men; Carmen with the father she never sees, whose new family is a shock; Bridget in a Mexican soccer camp, where she sets her sights on Eric(Mike Vogel), forbidden fruit because he's a coach; and Tibby videotaping her co-workers.{{/U}} "A documentary," says one interview subject. "That's like a movie, only boring?" Delia Ephron and Elizabeth Chandler's screenplay is nicely served by the direction of a comedy veteran, Ken Kwapis.(49) {{U}}He creates a fairytale summer world where the girls grapple with real issues: love and family, death, losing your virginity for the wrong reasons, divorce, racism and having an unfashionable body type. {{/U}}(50){{U}}The magic, of course is in the girls, as they help each other achieve insights that few of their elders could manage. gently sprinkled sprinkled with tears.{{/U}} Ann Brashares, who wrote the novel on which the film is based, has written two more books about the Sisterhood. If this one clicks, Warner Bros may find itself the proud owner of the first summer film franchise for teenage girls.