问答题Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethepictureandinterpretthemeaning,2)analyzethephenomenon,and3)giveyourcommentsonthisissue.

问答题Directions: You are planning to have a holiday in Southern China during the summer vacation. Write a letter to the sales department of a travel agency to: 1) introduce yourself and your purpose 2) explain the type of holiday you want 3) ask for necessary travel information You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayof160--200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examplesYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题The word 'culture' is probably the single most central concept in twentieth-century anthropology. Anthropologists use the word 'culture' in a number of different senses. It seems to us that some of them use it as equivalent to what we call a form of social life. In its ordinary use in English, 'culture', which is much the same idea as cultivation, refers to the process by which a person acquires, from contact with other persons or from such things as books or works of art, knowledge, skill, ideas, beliefs, tastes, and sentiments. That is the definition of 'culture'. In a particular society we can discover certain processes of cultural tradition, using the word tradition in its literal meaning of handing on or handing down. The understanding and use of a language is passed on by a process of cultural tradition in this sense. An Englishman learns by such a process to understand and use the English language, but in some sections of the society he may also learn Latin, or Greek, or French, or Welsh. In complex modem societies there are a great number of separate cultural traditions. By one a person may learn to be a doctor or surgeon, by another he may learn to be an engineer or an architect. In the simplest forms of social life the number of separate cultural traditions may be reduced to two, one for men and the other for women. If we treat the social reality that we are investigating as being not an entity but a process, then culture and cultural tradition are names for certain recognizable aspects of that process, but not, of course, the whole process. The terms are convenient ways of referring to certain aspects of human social life. It is by reason of the existence of culture and cultural traditions that human social life differs very markedly from the social life of other animal species. The transmission of learnt ways of thinking, feeling and acting constitutes the cultural process, which is a specific feature of human social life. It is, of course, part of that process of interaction among persons which is here defined as the social process thought of as the social reality. Continuity and change in the forms of social life being the subjects of investigation of comparative sociology, the continuity of cultural traditions and changes in those traditions are amongst the things that have to be taken into account.

问答题Eric Hansen writes about travel as a participating enthusiast rather than a mere observer. (46) It gives these nine essays, based on his adventures over the past quartercentury, a resonance and psychological depth not usually seen in more routine travel narratives. (47) The reader follows wide-eyed from the armchair as Mr. Hansen journeys from the French Riviera to the South Pacific, India, the United States and Borneo. Each story combines nuanced portraits of memorable characters with lyrical descriptions of human fallibility and generosity. In his wildest tale, Mr. Hansen recounts his time working at a hotel on Thursday Island in the Torres Strait. (48) "Seldom," he writes, "does one have the chance to enjoy the company of people who have so completely given themselves over to the cultivation of the low life in such style and with such gusto." (49) Beyond the booze, broken glass and fist fights, the author learns the history of the island's pearl divers who, in canvas suits and lead-weighted shoes, snatch gold-lip pearl shells from a seabed teeming with sea snakes, giant groupers and saltwater crocodiles. Other stories tell of drinking hallucinogenic kava in Vanuatu; lingering on a beach with a beautiful Maldivian girl in a pleasurable pursuit that the locals call "night fishing"; cooking piroshki with a Moscow émigré in a tiny Manhattan apartment while drug dealers shoot each other in the lobby below; and watching the Indonesian crew of a becalmed tall ship dance on deck to country and western music. (50) The most moving story comes from Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), where the author's frustration at the impenetrable bureaucracy when trying to ship his belongings home is put into perspective by his voluntary work at Mother Theresa's home for the dying. Here he bathes, feeds and comforts the inhabitants of the men's ward, where the panic and despair of death are replaced by dignity and humour. This sensitive portrait alone makes this heartfelt collection a magical and uplifting read.

问答题Fast Food You are to write in three paragraphs according to the topic sentences of each paragraph given below. 1. Fast food is very popular nowadays. 2. People like to buy fast food because it saves them time. 3. But fast food has less nutritive value than homemade dishes. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题4. Your preference.

问答题Directions: Three weeks ago you booked a two-week holiday to Sanya with Fly-by-Night Travel. You are not happy with the holiday -- the flight was delayed, the hotel was undesirable, and so on. Write a letter to Fly-by-Night Travel to complain about the holiday giving details about the problems. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题 Directions: Write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. Your letter should include: (1) the major you recommend; (2) the requirements for the application; (3) how to prepare for the exam. You should write about 100 words on Answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,andthen3)giveyourpointofview.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{U}}Technology has made it easy to cross national frontiers physically, but there has been no invention of new mental habits to enable people to cope with foreigners in a new way{{/U}}. For that to happen, the habits of tourists will have to alter. The hidden god of travel is still Karl Baedeker, even though he died in 1859. His guidebooks have a permanent pattern, making travel essentially a matter of sightseeing, looking at places rather than at people. (47) {{U}}His achievement was to find sights that could be guaranteed to be there all the time, to be clearly identifiable, dated and classified according to the amount of admiration they deserved{{/U}}. He made visits to old monuments and to art museums--the staple diet of the traveler, drawing attention away from the living inhabitants. To this day, tourism is a course in history, architecture, aesthetics, and the appreciation of hotels and food. (48) {{U}}The cult of "sights" has grown so much that most foreign (organized) travel involves virtually no contact with the natives, beyond those who specialize in catering for tourists{{/U}}. The business traveler tends to meet mainly people in his own profession. How different from the itinerary of a modern package holiday is this program, drawn up by an Englishman, Sir Francis Head, in 1852, before the guide books told tourists what to do. In Paris, he visited the municipal pawnshop, the asylum for blind youths, where Braille, still unknown in England, was being used, a prison, an orphanage for abandoned children, the Salpetriere old people's home, the morgue, the national printing works, the military academy, the national assembly, the public laundry, and finally he attended/he lectures at the Conservatory for Arts and Crafts. The rise of bureaucratic officialdom soon stopped that kind of curiosity; but perhaps today a new openness will allow it to express itself again. In former times, the attraction of foreign travel was often that people did abroad what they dared not do at home, which is shy foreign countries won reputations for sexual debauchery. (The French considered England as debauched as the English visitors to the Folies Bergeres imagined the French to be. ) (49) {{U}}But now that a visit to France is no longer a dangerous adventure, and that an international uniformity exists in so many of the goods and facilities the tourist encounters, where is the excitement, and where are the new discoveries?{{/U}} It is to be found in the people. (50) {{U}}The foreignness in foreign travel today must come mainly from meeting individuals whom one would not normally meet at home.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. Stephen M. Saland, chairman of the State Senate Education Committee, is a conservative upstate Republican, and Steven Sanders, chairman of the Assembly Education Committee, is a liberal New York City Democrat. But when it comes to education, they have much in common. Neither is a fan of the federal No Child Left Behind Law and its extensive testing mandates. Both say that standardized tests are too dominant in public schools today. That has at times put the two education chairmen in conflict with the state education commissioner, Richard P. Mills. (46) {{U}}During his 10 year tenure, Dr. Mills has turned New York into one of the most test-driven public systems in the nation, requiring students to pass five state tests to graduate.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}For months now, the legislative leaders and the commissioner have been locked in a little-noticed fight over the future of 28 small alternative public high schools, a fight that may well be the final stand for opponents of standardized testing in New York.{{/U}} Senator Saland and Assemblyman Sanders are doing their best to protect these schools in New York City (Urban Academy, Manhattan International), Ithaca (Lehman Alternative) and Rochester (School Without Walls) and help them retain their distinctive educational approach. (48) {{U}}Instead of the standard survey courses in global studies, American history, biology and chemistry pegged to state tests, these schools favor courses that go into more depth on narrower topics. {{/U}}At Urban Academy, there are courses in Middle East conflicts, world religions, post-Civil War Reconstruction and microbiology. In the mid-1990's, the former education commissioner, Thomas Sobol, granted these 28 consortium schools (serving 16,000 students, about 1 percent of New York's high school population) an exemption from most state tests. That permitted a more innovative curriculum, and students were evaluated via a portfolio system that relies on research papers and science projects reviewed by outside experts like David S. Thaler, a Rockefeller University microbiology professor, and Eric Foner, a Columbia history professor. The Gates Foundation, which has given hundreds of millions of dollars to start small high schools nationwide, is so impressed with these schools, and it regularly sends educators to New York to see how they're run. But the testing exemption for these schools is about to expire, and Commissioner Mills does not want it renewed. He believes that all students, without exception, should take every test. Recently, Senator Saland defied the commissioner. He shepherded a bill through the Republican controlled Senate that passed 50 to 10 and would continue these schools' waivers for four years. (49) {{U}}Senator Saland's bill does require that students pass the state English and math tests to graduate, letting the state gauge the alternative schools' performance versus mainstream schools.{{/U}} On the Senate floor, Senator Sa[and noted that while 61 percent of consortium students qualified for free lunches and three quarters were black or Hispanic, 88 percent went on to college, compared with 70 percent at mainstream schools that give state tests. (50) {{U}}He said that the dropout rate was half the rate at mainstream schools and that on the one statewide test these students took regularly, English, they scored an average of 77, outdoing mainstream students by 5 points.{{/U}}

问答题You Should write about 100 words on ANSWERR SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. (10 points)

问答题Directions: You are a senior student and are going to graduate next year. Write a letter to the Graduate School of a university expressing your will to purchase Master degree there. Please introduce yourself and inquire about information you think necessary. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)