问答题Directions.A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethedrawingandinterpretitsmeaning,2.Andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.(20points)

问答题We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two aspects of science. The first of which is the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves that structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. 46)The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 47)Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. The process of careful observation, perception of a pattern in the phenomena observed, followed by exploitation of this knowledge, has largely inspired the area of human activity known as "science". 48)It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity. While this process still underlies most scientific activity, the classic "scientific method" has been criticized from a variety of perspectives. 49)To begin with, it is apparent that the "objectivity" of science and scientists strictly characterizes only the lowest order of scientific activity—observation, and even here it is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly impartial observer of events. What someone chooses to observe and the way one observes it must, after all, in part be a reflection of experience and of ideas as to what is significant. Consider, for example, the different ways in which an artist and a layman look at a painting and the different reactions they have to the same work. The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist's interpretation of what he or she has observed even more clearly than observation. At this stage of the scientific method, an element of subjectivity is inevitably present. This can most easily be seen in the extreme case of scientists of truly creative genius. Galileo, for instance, challenged the scientists (and the church) of his day with his hypothesis that the earth revolved around the sun. A twentieth century example is Watson and Click's discovery of the molecular structure of DNA. 50)Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.

问答题 Directions: You are a senior student at Beijing Union University, majoring in computer science. You are preparing to take the national examination for the postgraduates next year. Write a letter to Prof Wang, expressing your hope to attend his English Writing class.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Thefollowingpicturesuggeststheadvantagesofdevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyandthedisastersitmaycause.Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthepicture.Yourcompositionshouldinclude:1)descriptionofthepicture;2)analysisoftheimplications,and3)yourcomments.

问答题1. apologizing for not attending;2. tell the reason;3. ask to accept apology. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jack" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are applying for a position as an English teacher. Write a letter to the Head of Foreign Languages Department to 1) introduce yourself, 2) give an account of your job experience, and 3) ask for a job interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Yougotaninvitationtotakepartinaweddingceremony.Writeraletterdecliningtheinvitationwhichshouldinclude:(1)thepurposeofwritingthisletter;(2)thereasonsforyourabsence;(3)yourgoodwishestothecouple.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题Gandhi's pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46) Its motive was religious, but he chimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi's attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (47) the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like Gandhi objected to "passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujaruti, it seems the word means "firmness in the truth." (48) In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914--1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough. to see that in wax it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centered round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49) indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews and are you prepared to see them exterminated? (50) I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the "you're another" type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher's Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi's view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which "would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler's violence.\

问答题Recently, the news has been filled with reports of the "bird flu". 46． Asia is on a region- wide health alert, with governments slaughtering millions of chickens to contain outbreaks of the bird flu in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, South Korea, Japan and China. Influenza-commonly called "flu"-is one of the oldest and most common diseases known to man. It can also be one of the deadliest. 47．The great "Spanish flu" pandemic of 1918-1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world's population infected in only a few months. 48．Influenza can also infect many different warm-blooded animals, such as birds. However, the "flu" virus usually develops different variants that are specialized for each species of animals that they infect. Cross species infections are rare. A flu strain called influenza A (H5N1) appears to have made a successful jump from birds to humans. The viral strain was first isolated from South African birds in 1961．49．The first known human infection occurred in a Hong Kong toddler in May of 1997．By the end of 1997, there were 13 confirmed cases and four deaths, all in Hong Kong. In an attempt to stop the spread of the disease, the government of Hong Kong ordered the slaughter of all chickens, ducks, geese, quail and domestic pigeons. Humans infected with H5N1 so far are thought to have caught the disease from fowl and no person-to-person transmissions have been reported. 50．The WHO, however, fears that the bird flu is highly adaptable and might leap the species barrier. It says anyone exposed to the disease should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaningandimplications,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. One of the strangest aspects of the mechanical approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons; a possibility people are consciously aware of. The explanation, I believe, is that they are more proud of than frightened by the gadgets of mass destruction. (46){{U}} Also they are so frightened of their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevents them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything maybe destroyed. {{/U}}Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never ending personal anxiety. Am I suggesting that modern man is doomed and that we should return to the pre industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. (47) {{U}}I suggest transforming our Social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements. {{/U}}Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. To attain this goal we need to create a Renaissance of Enlightenment and of Humanism. It must be an Enlightenment, however, more radically realistic and critical than that of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It must be a Humanism that aims at the full development of the total man, not the gadget man, not the consumer man, not the organization man. The aim of a humanist society is the man who loves life, who has faith in life, who is productive and independent. (48){{U}} Such a transformation is possible if we recognize that our present way of life makes us sterile and eventually destroys the vitality necessary for survival{{/U}}. (49) {{U}}Whether such transformation is likely is another matter. But we will not be able to succeed unless we see the alternatives clearly and realize that the choice is still 'ours{{/U}}. Dissatisfaction with our way of life is the first step toward changing it. As to these changes, one thing is certain: They must take place in all spheres simultaneously--in the economic,, the social, the political and the spiritual. (50) {{U}}Change in only one sphere will lead into blind alleys, as did the purely political French Revolution and the purely economic Russian Revolution{{/U}}.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}Your friend Steven and Jenny have just had a new baby boy. Please write a letter to congratulate them. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address.{{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You made a travel with the help of a travel agency and you were disappointed with service. Write a letter to the related department to: 1) complain about bad service; 2) advance your suggestions. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Youdo not need to write the ad- dress.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingbarchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethebarchart,and2)deducethepossiblereasonsforthefact.3)Makearelevantprediction.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You will soon be leaving the university at which you have studied for several years. Write a farewell speech to your fellows that expresses: 1) your regret at having to leave, 2) your appreciation of their friendship and help over the years, 3) your promise to keep in touch with them in the future. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)