问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleondeficiencyofresearchabilityamongthepostgraduatestudents.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)interpretthemeaningofthepicture,2)pointoutthecauses,and3)giveyoursuggestions.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentoniLYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions :Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. (46) {{U}}Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society.{{/U}} The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist(维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any" reason". (47) I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time. let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. (48) {{U}}This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature ; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.{{/U}} (49){{U}}However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer.{{/U}} If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. (50){{U}} Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it ; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.{{/U}} But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

问答题 Winston Churchill, who fought on the Afghan border in 1897. warned of the dangers of peacekeeping among the Pathans, and of mixing politics and war (46){{U}} "Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation enjoins a temporary pause, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. {{/U}}Every large house is a real feudal fort...with battlements, turrets [and] drawbridges` Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its hate; every clan. its feud. "The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid...(47){{U}}The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water are fertile en0ught9 yield with little labour the material requirements of a small population.{{/U}} "Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the breech-loading rifle and the British government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second a continuous trouble. The convenience of the breech-loading, and still more of the magazine rifle, was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. (48){{U}} A weapon which would kill with accuracy au fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new scene of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it.{{/U}} One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at one's neighbour nearly a mile away... "The action of the British government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organising, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a' monstrous spoil-sport. "No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come. had a fight and then gone away again...But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys...All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another. and, above all, not m shoot at travellers along the road. (49){{U}}It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.{{/U}} "The Political Officers who accompanied the force...were very unpopular with the army officers... (50){{U}}They were accused of the severe crime of 'shilly-shallying', which being interpreted means doing everything you possibly can before you shoot. {{/U}}We had with us a very brilliant political officer...who was much disliked because he always stopped military operations. Just when we were looking forward to having a splendid fight and all-the guns were loaded and everyone keyed up, [he] would come along and put a stop to it."

问答题1. Television now plays an increasingly important role in people's lives.2. No one will deny that we have benefited a lot from the invention of television.3. However, people have different opinions about television and have argued heatedly about its advantages and disadvantages.

问答题Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of 160-200 words in which you should 1) describe the picture briefly, 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and 3) give your point of view. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan200words.B.YouressaymusthewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow,1)describethecartoon,deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,2)andgiveyourcomments.

问答题Man first appeared on earth half a million years ago. Then he was little more than an animal; but early man had several big advantages over the animals. He had a large brain, he had an upright body, he had clever hands; and he had in his brain special groups of nerve cells, not present in animals, that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men. 46) This ability to speak was of great value because it allowed men to share ideas and to plan together, so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully undertaken by intelligent team-work. Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased. It was these special advantages that put men far ahead of other living creatures in the struggle for existence. They can use their intelligence against their difficulties and master them. Since these far-off times, when he first appeared, man has achieved a great deal. He has used animals, steam, electricity and oil to move himself more and more quickly from place to place. He has overcome rivers and seas with rafts, canoes, boats and ships of endless variety. 47) He mastered dark-ness, too, first with dim lights and later with brighter and brighter lamps, until he can now make for himself so dazzling a light with an are-lamp that, like the sun, it is too strong for his naked eyes. 48) Man found that his own muscles were too weak for the work which he wanted to do; he explored many forms of power -- wind, water, steam, electricity -- until now he has his hands on the ultimate source of physical energy, the nuclear power which ties together the smallest units from which all matter is made. From man's earliest days the flight of birds has raised his wonder and desire. Why should he not fly as they did? Then he began to experiment. At last he learnt how 'to make the fight machines to carry him through the air. Now he can fly faster than sound. Already he has plans for conquering space, and a series of experiments has been completed. 49) It will not be long now before man takes a giant step away from his planet and visits the moon, learning what it is like to have no weight to his body, no upward direction and no downward. Man, always a wanderer, has to overcome the difficulty of adapting himself to different climates, 50) Fortunately, in spite of having no thick skin or warm fur to protect him, he is peculiarly strong compared with other living creatures, most of whom are unable to live far outside the region that suits them best. Man, however, can go almost everywhere. You will find him living on the plains and up in the hills; he lives in damp areas and in dry; in the forests of the hot regions of the earth, and in snow huts in the Far North.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You are required to write a memorandum on behalf of the Students' Union, encouraging all the students and teachers on your campus to make donations for people in flooded regions of our country. In your writing, you should cover the following points:{{/I}} 1) difficulties confronting people in flooded areas, 2) appeals to the readers, and 3) time and place to collect the donations. {{I}}You should write about 100 words neatly on Answer Sheet 2.{{/I}}

问答题Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants. This results in new processes and in new products, such as washing machine, record players, motor ears, electronic computers, nuclear weapons and space rockets. A technologist has the scientific know-how, or technique, for making and doing things. The know-how may be original, as it is devised for a specific purpose, or it may be inherited as the accumulated skill and knowledge of generations of specialists. We live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modem world is influenced (for better or worse) by your technological surroundings. 46) Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture-all are dominated bi methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. 47) Without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be a hit-or-miss affair, lacking direction and making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our forefather-technology is with us and it will remain with us. Just as it is important to study history so that we can appreciate how the world came to its present state, it is important to learn some of the basic concepts of science so that we can appreciate the role that technology plays in modem society. 48) For without some knowledge of the scientific principles by which technology operates. one can neither an. pc with technology nor assist in directing, it into the proper channels. In recent times, we have had the general attitude that whatever is technologically possible should be done. 49) It is now becoming increasingly apparent that our scientific and technological progress has outstripped our capacity to perform or absorb everything that is possible. More and more, we will have decisions to make: in what directions should the thrust of our new discoveries be made? The situation requires that we make intelligent decisions-decisions based on a knowledge and an understanding of what can be done, what will be the benefits, and will be the consequences. Scientists do not make these decisions; people make them. 50) It is therefore incumbent on every individual to acquire the basic knowledge that will permit him to participate intelligently in directing the course of our technological advancement.

问答题 Directions: You have been rejected by a company and you think it was due to your being a girl/boy. Write a letter of complaint to the President of the board of directors of the company to express your indignation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 'Li Ming' instead. Do not write the address.