问答题Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (46) In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some "stuff" of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes. (47) The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static _object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle's mass. (48) This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac's theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction. (49) These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac's theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times. The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above. (50) Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts. And the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information:{{/I}} A. Title: Aged People Tend to Live Alone B. Word limit: 160-200 words C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should end the first paragraph with the given sentence: Why do aged people tend to live alone? Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{B}} Outline:{{/B}} 1) Present situation 2) Possible reasons 3) Your comment

问答题Directions: Write a letter to apply for a full scholarship of your foreign university. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Your friend Anne complained to you in an email about being overcharged by a taxi driver when she arrived in your city two days ago. Write to tell her what to do. Do not sign your own name. Sign "Zheng Min" instead.

问答题Directions:Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explaintheintendedmeaning,giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.挑战如同大风，可能是阻力，但是对于风车便是动力。

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethefollowingdrawing,interpretitsmeaning,and2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

问答题 It is difficult to see how one can teach if one is not learning. But there are some distinctions to be made here. To rely on last year's notes, or -- even worse -- one's last year's memory, as if that would always be an adequate basis for passing on knowledge, is to mistake what human knowledge is. {{U}}46. And so the assimilation of books, the reading of articles, the pursuit of matters of concern will be crucial to one's ability to introduce and develop a student's ability to participate in a specific universe of discourse.{{/U}} Research might be thought to be another matter especially if it is defined as adding to the sum total of human knowledge. {{U}}47. The expansion of higher education which has taken place, and more particularly the expansion which is likely to take place, simply makes it unlikely that all those who are legitimately involved in the teaching and who fulfill their responsibilities utterly in that regard, are themselves all capable of adding anything worth having to the sum total of human knowledge.{{/U}} It seems best, therefore, not to assume it, and not to presume what in principle is undeliverable. On the other hand, an institution of higher education which is not committed as a community to research will be defective. {{U}}48. The limit of what we know must be apparent, the means and opportunities of inquiry must be understood, the value of research shared, even if it is only some members of a department, a faculty or an institution who are actually engaged in it.{{/U}} Scholarship is for all; research for those who are most adept. {{U}}49. Of course, a proper celebration of the role of teaching and the art of the teacher will help to put fight the very serious disparity of esteem which is affecting our judgment in this area.{{/U}} But all this has implications for staff development. The distribution of resources by the institution will be a judgment on its moral perspective. So the identification and support of ways in which teaching can be improved, will be as important as the development of research in the life of an academic community. {{U}}50. Something significant is done by the support of scholarship, by financing attendance at conferences; but attention to teaching styles and learning strategies through courses, discussion, visiting lectures, schools, may all be as important.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You have trouble with reading and are in need of some advice from Professor Wang. Write a letter to him to 1) give him your personal information, 2) state your problems, and 3) ask for the time and place of a possible interview with him. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Your friend is in need of a secretary. Write a note to introduce Mary, an experienced secretary to him/her. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题Directions: Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. Your should write no less than 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person. Write a special letter to express your thanks. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题1)your sincere congratulations, 2) your best wishes to him or her. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women.{{/U}} These historinans, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. (47) {{U}}Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.{{/U}} American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. (48) {{U}}Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.{{/U}} The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited. (49) {{U}}Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers.{{/U}} The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. (50) {{U}}The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You just spent your summer holidays in Tom's hometown, Tom's home is at a small and quiet countryside. Now, you are going to write him a letter of thanks for all he and his family did for you during your stay there. Imagine some details of the summary holidays. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address, (10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}AStudythegraphsbelowCarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.BYouressaymustcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)interpretthepicture;(2)explaintherolesofthemigrantworkers;(3)yourcomments.ThePercentageofMigrantWorkersinaChineseCity

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. 46． {{U}}If the canon-the list of authors whose works are most widely taught-is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. {{/U}}Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are bereft of crucial tools for revising the canon. 47．{{U}}To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. 48．To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the{{/U}} {{U}}obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. {{/U}}Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. 49．{{U}}First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day; thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. {{/U}}Griffith's play The Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. 50．{{U}}In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon.{{/U}} The range of Griffith's work meant that each student could become the world's leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith's Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A wife in the Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid, serve to vaccinate the student-I hope for a lifetime-against credulous use of reference sources.