问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following tenet carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. Jack S. Kilby, an electrical engineer whose invention of the integrated circuit gave rise to the information age and heralded an explosion of consumer electronics products in the last 50 years, from personal computers to cellphones, died Monday in Dallas. He was 81. His death, after a brief battle with cancer, was announced yesterday by Texas Instruments, the Dallas-based electronics company where he worked for a quarter-century. (46) {{U}}The integrated circuit that Mr. Kilby designed '.shortly after arriving at Texas Instruments in 1958 served as the basis for modern microelectronics, transforming a technology that permitted the simultaneous manufacturing of a mere handful of transistors(晶体管 ) into a chip industry that routinely places billions of Lilliputian(微小的) switches in the area of a fingernail.{{/U}} His achievement--the integration--yielded a thin chip of crystal connecting previously separate components like transistors, resistors and capacitors within a single device. For that creation, commonly called the microchip, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000. (47) {{U}}During his career at Texas Instruments he claimed more than 60 patents and was also one of the inventors of the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer. But it was Mr. Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit that most broadly shaped the electronic era.{{/U}} "It's hard to find a place where the integrated circuit doesn't affect your life today," Richard m. Templeton, Texas Instruments' president and chief executive officer, said in an interview yesterday. "That's how broad its impact is. " It is an impact, Mr. Kilby said, that was largely unexpected. (48){{U}} "We expected to reduce the cost of electronics, but I don't think anybody was thinking in terms of factors of a million," he said in an undated interview cited by Texas Instruments.{{/U}} (49) {{U}}The remarkable acceleration of the manufacturing process based on the integrated circuit was later described by Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of the Intel Corporation, whose partner, Robert N. Noyce, invented another version of the integrated circuit just months after Mr. Kilby.{{/U}} In 1965, three years after the first commercial integrated circuits came to market, Dr. Moore observed that the number of transistors on a circuit was doubling at regular intervals and would do so far into the future. (50) {{U}}The observation, which came to be known as Moore's law, became the defining attribute of the chip-making industry, centered in what is now known as Silicon Valley, where Intel was based, rather than in Dallas.{{/U}}

问答题 About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. 46){{U}} Branwell's father and sisters hoarded their pennies to. Rack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure.{{/U}} Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. 47){{U}} For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius{{/U}}. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male-but what of the three anonymous sisters.? During Branwell's last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense (under a pseudonym, for fear of reviewers' bias against females). Even Branwell might have snickered: they sold only two copies. 48){{U}} Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition-in reality, less fiction than autobiography! {{/U}}And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne's Agnes Grey, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte's Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Brauwell had taken their toll. 49){{U}} Emily took ill at her brother's funeral and died within 3 months, aged 30; Anne died 5 months later, aged 29; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they. had been nurtured instead of having been sacrificed.{{/U}} No one remembers Branwell's name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters' tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. 50) {{U}}Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would value any boast of burden, but by their integrity strength a commitment, courage-spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. {{/U}}China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Brontes' tragedy.

问答题Directions : Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete. (46) There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. F A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47) If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into an hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine. (48) Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence become immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation-states which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character. We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve. (49) But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice. I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. (50) But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world which is now possible, "the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God. /

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a graduate majoring in Computer Science. Write a letter to apply for further study. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The benefits of some environmentally friendly policies will not be apparent until decades after they have been enacted. (46) {{U}}That is one of the messages of a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, which, even by the standards of global environment assessments, is sobering reading.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}Global Environmental Outlook 3 (GE03), a study of the links between environmental, social and development issues, contains a range of dreadful but familiar predictions about the impact of factors such as climate change and industrial development.{{/U}} But the report, released last week in the run-up to August's World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, was unusually pessimistic about the prospects for reversing the damage. The new predictions are contained in one of four possible futures outlined in the report. The authors considered situations in which global politics were dominated by concerns over markets, environmental and social policies, security, or sustainability. These were based on attempts to calculate the effect of the different approaches on population levels, economics, technology and governance. Some of the situations produced a familiar picture. (48) {{U}}In a world dominated by a market mentality, for example, land and forest ruin becomes a critical issue, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.{{/U}} But the sustainability situation's predictions shocked some of the authors. "The delays between changing human behaviour and environmental recovery came as the biggest surprise to the regional experts," says Jan Bakkes of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands, one of the report's authors. (49) {{U}}The report found that even if environmentally friendly approaches were adopted now, carbon dioxide concentrations would continue to rise until 2050.{{/U}} Water shortages would continue and coastal pollution would increase slightly. Bakkes blames difficulty in changing energy and transport infrastructures. Originally used during the 1950s to simulate future conflicts, situations were revived in an improved form by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 1990s. "By adding situations to assessments you come up with a credible story about how the world might develop and can translate that into quantifiable formation." says Bert Metz, also at the Bilthoven institute and co-chair of the IPCC working group on strategies for tackling climate change. More than 1,000 scientists contributed to GEO$, which divides the world into no less than 17 different regions. (50){{U}}By contrast, the IPCC has used just four regions in previous assessments, although the panel's new chair, energy economist Rajendra Pachauri, has pledged to improve regional detail in future strudies.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write a letter to Mr. Terry Thompson, recommending a Chinese university for him to study in China. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.{{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Henri Matisse originally trained as a lawyer, turning to art whilst recovering from appendicitis. (46) {{U}}Initially seduced by the Impressionists and, in particular, by Cezanne, Matisse brought together a circle of like-minded artists who became known as the Fauves (the Beasts) after their sensational exhibition of. 1905{{/U}}. These early paintings revealed an intuitive and explosive colour sense which was to become the defining feature of Matisse's long career. (47) {{U}}Believing art to be'" something like a good armchair in which one rests from physical fatigue", he was dedicated to producing work that expressed a harmony close to a musical composition{{/U}}. (48) {{U}}There are two versions of La Danse, originally produced with another enormous panel entitled Musique for a Russian collector{{/U}}. Dance was a popular topic at the time as Diaghilev and the Russian Ballet had just visited Paris. (49) {{U}}Despite, or because of, the simplification of colour, form, and line, the figures appear to be full of life{{/U}}. Matisse made sculptures, designed sets and costumes and illustrated books. (50) {{U}}He was also an important graphic artist who, in his bed-ridden final years, evolved his own method of arranging cut-out paper shapes{{/U}}. He is indisputably the greatest decorative artist of the twentieth century.

问答题1) the reason for your letter; 2) the importance of her support; 3) how you make your living in the U. S. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题46) During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles. The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 47) By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 48) These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 49 ) Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done. Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 50) Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information. Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

问答题There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from that of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. We also see how every philosopher reflects the social life of his day. 1 But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles. The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to take certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, and that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers. If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. 2 In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far that Descartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. 3 For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don"t know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. 4 But there is every reason to think that we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up. 5 But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries.