问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. (10 points)

问答题Directions: Title: Competition and Cooperation Your composition should be-based on the Outlines below: 1) The phenomenon of competition and cooperation, 2) The function of competition and cooperation, 3) Man can develop continuously with Competition and cooperation. You should write about 160 - 200 Words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题Directions:Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofopportunityinanewspaper.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explaintheextendmeaning,giveaspecificexample/comment,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatopportunity.机遇就像不定期的航船，只有事先买好船票的人才能乘坐它到达成功的彼岸。

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingcharts.Inyouressay,youshould1)pointouttheimplicationofthebarcharts,2)analyzethephenomenon,and3)givesomesuggestionsYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:1)describethecartoon,pointoutthemessageeonveyed;2)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: Your friend has just won the first prize in the English Speech Contest held by the English Club. Write a note of congratulations. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You are annoyed by too many family comedies of a TV station. Write a complaint letter to the station. In your letter, you should tell them:{{/I}} 1) your annoyance at the programs, 2) the same feelings of others, 3) your request of the station to reform. {{I}}You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. {{/I}}

问答题Over the last 20 years, energy systems and services have expanded. California now meets its energy needs using a variety of sources from traditional fossil fuels and nuclear technologies to renewable energy resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. Technological advances and government standards and programs have resulted in increased energy efficiency, more product and service options and a cleaner environment. Deregulation has promoted competition in energy commodities such as oil, natural gas and, now, electricity. In the near term, the most dramatic changes in the energy sector are taking place in the electricity industry. As a result of Assembly Bill 1890 (Chapter 854, Statutes of 1996), many Californians will have the opportunity to choose their electricity provider as of April 1, 1998. By January 1, 1999, they will also be able to shop for other electric services, such as metering options. 46)Because of these changes, this California Energy Plan emphasizes the new competition in electricity generation, in contrast to the discussion of issues in the petroleum and natural .gas sectors. However future state energy policy may emphasize other sectors. Competitive Energy Markets. California's energy oversight agencies must facilitate competition to ensure that the promise of lower prices and more value-added services are realized. 47)This can be achieved through adoption and enforcement of fair, clear and effective market rules and by ensuring that consumers are provided with sufficient information to make informed energy-related decisions, Government must also reduce unnecessary barriers to market entry and streamline the licensing process for electric generation facilities. Economic Expansion. California has one of the largest economies in the world. 48)Consequently, California's economy must be robust in the face of uncertainty, providing for economic growth in conjunction with environmental protection for today and for future generations. Maintaining the energy needs of today's economy requires vast quantities of reliable energy at reasonable prices. To maintain or expand California's excellence as a world class economy requires technological advancements that enhance productivity and improve the environment. In the energy industry, technological advancement must focus on increasing, demand and supply side efficiencies, improving the environment by creating cleaner energy conversion technologies at all levels of energy production and end use, and satisfying California's mobility requirements through diverse transportation technologies that increase fuel economy, take advantage of cleaner fuels and expand transportation options. 49)Advancements in-these areas, among others, will make California a global leader in the world marketplace for energy technologies while benefiting all Californians. Public Interest. Competition does not provide all the answers to California's needs. Unlike certain commodities, energy is essential for the health and safety of all Californians. Thus, the state must ensure that the energy infrastructure is safe, clean and reliable. The public interest also demands that energy be available for home, work, recreation and transportation. 50)Communities can help meet these public interest demands through efficient land use designs that reduce total energy demand and the adverse environmental impacts of energy use. California's energy oversight agencies must continue to work together to avoid, where possible, disruptions to the state's energy supplies and to minimize any adverse impacts.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. 46) {{U}}Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Javanese employees and the Javanese culture.{{/U}} However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. 47) {{U}}Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.{{/U}} Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. 48) {{U}}When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms.{{/U}} Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively; they made critical change in United States procedures. 49) {{U}}For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently.{{/U}} Japanese automakers chose, to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. 50) {{U}}Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the. need to store the spare stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active. {{/U}}

问答题Directions:You are annoyed by too many family comedies of a TV station. Write a complaint letter to the station. In your letter, you should tell them: 1) your annoyance at the programs, 2) the same feelings of others, 3) your request of the station to reform.You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Spain"s government is now championing a cause called "right to be forgotten". It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency . All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web. Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google. Another, well into middle age now, thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days. (47) They might not have received much of a hearing in the United States, where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone"s past supersedes any right to privacy. But here, as elsewhere in Europe, an idea has taken hold —individuals should have a "right to be forgotten" on the Web. (48) In fact, the phrase "right to be forgotten" is being used to cover a batch of issues, ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web . (49) Spain"s Data Protection Agency believes that search engines have altered the process by which most data ends up forgotten—and therefore adjustments need to be made. The deputy director of the agency, Jesfús Rubí, pointed to the official government gazette(公报), which used to publish every weekday, including bankruptcy auctions, official pardons, and who passed the civil service exams. Usually 220 pages of fine print, it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves. The information was still there, but not easily accessible. Then two years ago, the 350 yearold publication went online, making it possible for embarrassing information—no matter how old—to be obtained easily. The publisher of the government publication, Fernando Pérez, said it was meant to foster transparency. Lists of scholarship winners, for instance, make it hard for the government officials to steer all the money to their own children. "But maybe, " he said, "there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time. " Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce. When ads pop up on one"s screen, clearly linked to subjects that are of interest to him, one may find it Orwellian. A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree. Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time. Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten. (50) Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established—that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web, and hope the Spanish court agrees. The companies believe if there are privacy issues, the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web. But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in. "They are the ones that are spreading the word. Without them no one would find these things. "

问答题 {{U}}While much of the attention on fighting AIDS and other diseases in poor countries has focused on access to affordable drugs, concern is now shifting to the question of who exactly, will deliver them.{{/U}} Unfortunately, there is a severe shortage of doctors, nurses and other health-care workers in these countries. According to a report published in this week's Lancet by the Joint Learning Initiative (JLI), an international consortium of academic centres and development agencies, sub-Saharan Africa has only one-tenth the number Of nurses and doctors per head of population that Europe does, though its health-care problems are far mom pressing. (47) {{/U}}The reasons for this are tw07fold, and well known—not enough health-care workers are trained in the fast place, and too many of those who are trained then leave for better-paid jobs in the rich world. {{/U}}What the report does is to put some numbers on these problems. A mere 5,000 doctors, it finds, graduate in Africa each year (a third of the number that graduate in America). Only 50 of 600 doctors mined in Zambia in recent years are still in the country. There are more Malawian doctors in Manchester than Malawi. (48) {{U}}And many rich countries exacerbate the problem by recruiting from poor ones to help deal with their own shortages.{{/U}} To overcome all this. the JLI reckons that the world needs 4m more health-care workers, of whom lm are required in sub-Saharan Africa alone. The question is. who will pay for them? The report floats some ideas. (49) {{U}}It recommends that roughly $400m, or 4% of the overseas aid currently spent on health, -be earmarked to help build up the health-care workforce in poor countries.{{/U}} (50) {{U}}But it also suggests that better use be made of existing resources, for example by employing local volunteers rather than highly trained doctors for many. routine matters. {{/U}}As Lincoln Chen of Harvard University, one of the report's authors, points out, a few countries, such as Brazil. Thailand and Iran. have taken steps in the right direction. Others need to follow their lead.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethephenomenon;2)analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled "It is Good / Bad to Write about Martial Arts Novels in the Texbooks "In the essay, you should (1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning; (2) give your opinion and support it with some proof; (3) get the conclusion. You should write about 200 words neatly on AN SWER SHEET 2.