问答题Directions:Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethephotosbriefly2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and3)giveyourpointofviewYoushouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyoushould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthephenomenonreflectedbyit,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Popularization of Mobile Phones. You should write your composition on the chart and the outline given below. 地区 销售量 同比增长 中国 1849万台 22.79% 全球 1.328亿台 22% 1) Describe the chart; 2) Analyze the reasons ; 3) Predict the trends in the future and the impacts on individuals and society,

问答题A couple of years ago a group of management scholars from Yale and the University of Pittsburgh tried to discover if there was a link between a company's success and the personality of its boss. (46)To work out what that personality was, they asked senior managers to score their bosses for such traits as an ability to communicate an exciting vision of the future or to stand as a good model for others to follow. When the data were analyzed, the researchers found no evidence of a connection between how well a firm was doing and what its boss was like. As far as they could tell, a company could not be judged by its chief executive any better than a book could be judged by its cover. (47)A few years before this, however, a team of psychologists from Tufts University, led by Nalini Ambady, discovered that when people watched two-second-long film-clips of professors lecturing, they were pretty good at determining how able a teacher each professor actually was. Now, Dr Ambady and her colleague, Nicholas Rule, have taken things a step further. (48)They have shown that even a still photograph can convey a lot of information about competence—and that it can do so in a way which suggests the assessments of all those senior managers were nonsense. Dr Ambady and Mr. Rule showed 100 undergraduates the faces of the chief executives of the top 25 and the bottom 25 companies in the Fortune 1,000 list. Half the students were asked how good they thought the person they were looking at would be at leading a company and half were asked to rate five personality traits on the basis of the photograph. (49) These traits were competence, dominance, likability, facial maturity (in other words, did the individual have an adult-looking face or a baby-face) and trustworthiness. And Dr Ambady and Mr. Rule were surprised by just how accurate the students' observations were. The results of their study, which are about to be published in Psychological Science, show that both the students' assessments of the leadership potential of the bosses and their ratings for the traits of competence, dominance and facial maturity were significantly related to a company's profits. (50)Sadly, the characteristics of likability and trustworthiness appear to have no link to company profits, suggesting that when it comes to business success, being warm and fuzzy does not matter much (though these traits are not harmful).

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Death is inevitable, but not disease. Bacteria and viruses are no mean adversaries, nor are they easily defeated. (46) {{U}}If we fail to be watchful or to protect those most at risk, a public-health catastrophe is inevitable, and yet somewhere within the span of the last thirty years the idea of the common good has disappeared from our national consciousness, giving way to the misconception that we no longer need concern ourselves with the welfare of our fellow citizens.{{/U}} It is a dangerous conceit, and it leads us toward a future infected with unprecedented and unnecessary disease. A public-health system is only as strong as its weakest link; an epidemic enforces, in the most rigorous fashion, the American credo that all men are created equal. (47) {{U}}If we allow one segment of our society to suffer and perish from preventable diseases, little stands in the way of collective doom.{{/U}} Yet today, 44 million people in the United States are without health insurance; those who can afford to pay for it generally receive inferior treatment, despite the fact that Americans spend $1.4 trillion annually for their health care. Prevention becomes secondary to simply keeping people alive. (48) {{U}}We must not simply concern ourselves with the state of American public health; as distances collapse and human populations grow ever more mobile, so also new and deadly diseases find their way across deserts and oceans.{{/U}} Ironically, the medical revolutions of the twentieth century have contributed to our over-confident neglect of the public-health infrastructure. (49) {{U}}We spend vast sums to lengthen the lives of terminally ill patients by a few days and refuse to make modest investments that would prevent millions of needless illnesses and death.{{/U}} The Americans we know pay too much for their health care, and compared with other countries we receive a very poor return on our investment. The reason are many, but they are not hard to understand: in essence, we have tended historically to view health care as a commodity like any other. But health is not a product; it is a public good. The evidence is clear even when viewed through the reductive lens of purely economic self-interest, market-based medicine is a failure. Healing people after they fall ill is vastly more expensive than preventing the illness in the first place. (50) {{U}}Yet policymakers have consistently preferred the most expensive and least efficient models of health care, proving once again that the supporters of privatization are motivated not by practical economics but by an ideology that is little more than a mask concealing the most irrational self-interest.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:{{/I}}1)describethepicturesbriefly,2)makebothpositiveandnegativecomments,andthen3)giveyourcomments.You’shouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题The world is at an environmental crossroads where the choice between greed and humanity will decide the fate of millions of people for decades to come, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) said. "Fundamental changes are possible and required," UNEP executive director Klaus Toepfer told a news conference presenting the third Global Environment Outlook (GEO) report. "It would be a disaster to sit back and ignore the picture painted," 46)The GEO-3 report, designed to kick world leaders into action ahead of the Johannesburg earth summit in late August, sees a bleak outlook for the future unless radical action is taken now. "The choices made today are critical for the forests, oceans, rivers, mountains, wildlife and other life support systems upon which current and future generations depend," it said. The report painted four possible scenarios (假定)ranging from the greed-driven "markets first" future to the caring and sharing "sustainability first" approach. Under the first three percent of the earth's surface disappears under concrete by 2032, more than half the population is living with drought, 70 percent of the remaining land and animals are under threat and 16 billion tons of carbon dioxide is being belched(猛烈喷出)into the air each year from fossil fuels. 47)Under the latter scenario, cities and highways eat up less land, drought is kept at bay by better water management, the pressure on land and animals stabilizes and global carbon dioxide missions stabilize at just half the greed policy route. In the decade since the first world earth summit in Rio de Janeiro 58 species of fish, one mammal and one bird species have become extinct and a remaining quarter of the world's mammals and one in eight of its birds are on the critical list. 48)Life giving forests are being tipped apart, fertile land is disappearing under concrete or into the sea and waterways are drying up or dying of pollution. Awful poverty, hunger and sickness are rampant(猖獗的)across the planet and the globalization of trade is carrying pollution with it on a global scale. 49)The world's seas, already under attack from garbage and poisons, are also being plundered by man to the extent that nearly one-third of the world's stock of fish is now ranked as used up, overexploited or recovering, the report said. But Toepfer, a former German environment minister, stressed that while the picture was bleak it was not beyond redemption(拯救). "This is an eye opener. The figures are not a nightmare prognosis (预后) for the sake of making a nightmare prognosis," he said, calling on the World Summit on Sustainable Development-dubbed the second world earth summit—to take urgent steps. "Decisive action can achieve positive results. 50)Our theme for Johannesburg is planet, people, prosperity," he said, urging the meeting to set clear, achievable and effective targets to tackle poverty and deprivation without destroying the environment. "We need a concrete action plan ... concrete projects...and above all a clear political declaration," Toepfer said. "That is the most important of all." "We now have hundreds of declarations, agreements, guidelines and legally-binding treaties. Let us now find the political courage and the innovative financing needed to implement these deals," he added.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You are supposed to invite Dr. King to make a speech about the future development of computer science at the annual conference of your department. Write a letter to Mr. king to{{/I}} 1) invite him on behalf of your department, 2) tell him the time and place of the conference, 3) promise to give him further details later. {{I}}You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at tile end of the letter. Use "El Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points){{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inthisessay,youshould:1)describethepicturesbriefly,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyourcomment.

问答题United States Senator John Glenn returned to orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery in late October, 1998, 36 years after his first lift-off from Cape Canaveral in Florida. (46) The 77-year-old politician, who in 1962 became America's first man to orbit the Earth, blasted off with six other astronauts on a mission that would include research into ageing. Taking leave of him at the space center along with 3,000 media representatives, 20,000 invited guests and an estimated half million people who crowded vantage points round about to watch the launch-- were his wife of more than 50 years, Annie, his two children and two grandchildren. Glenn fever struck Florida's space coast months ahead of the launch, with hotel rooms booked up half a year in advance. One local newspaper called the phenomenon "Hurricane Glenn", an ironic reference to the spate of devastating hurricane that had already hit the Florida coast during 1998. The Ohio senator had campaigned for several years to be allowed this return trip into space. (47) NASA administers finally agreed to his proposed study on the effects of weightlessness on elderly people and the possible parallels between the side-effects of weightlessness and the ageing process itself. (48) Critics, however, complained that the mission was little more than a public relations exercise aimed at raising the profile of NASA, and would do nothing to advance research into the geriatric condition. Some were even saying that the trip represented the ultimate congressional junket. Glenn insisted from the beginning that the space mission was a serious one, however. He subjected himself--and others--to a series of tests in a special laboratory while in orbit. (49) He swallowed a special thermometer before lift-off so that his temperature could be monitored, and had a tube implanted in his arm to facilitate the taking of blood samples without the need for fresh needles each time. Other tests conducted on his return to Earth were designed to measure his bone density and changes in his spinal cord. (50) NASA officials fuelled suspicion that Glenn's trip had dubious practical value, however, by announcing that there were no plans to test any more elderly astronauts after his trip. This was despite the fact that 67-year-old Jerrie Cobb, one of 13 women who trained for the Space programme with Glenn in the early 1960s but who were never allowed to fly, expressed her determination to become the next geriatric guineapig in orbit. The space experience has changed a great deal in the 36 years since Glenn was last in orbit. Unlike his five-hour 1962 trip, this was no solo mission.

问答题 On the all-important question of power-the efficacy of power, the morality of power, the desirability of power-American and European perspectives are diverging. {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Europe is turning away from power, or to put it a little differently, it is moving beyond power into a self-contained world of laws and rules and transnational negotiation and cooperation{{/U}}. It is entering a post-historical paradise of peace and relative prosperity, the realization of Kant's "Perpetual Peace." The United States, meanwhile, remains indulged in history, exercising power in the anarchic (无政府的) Hobbesian world where intemational laws and rules are unreliable and where true security and the defense and promotion of a liberal order still depend on the possession and use of military might. {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}That is why on major strategic and international questions today, Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: They agree on little and understand one another less and less.{{/U}} And this state of affairs is not transitory-the product of one American election or one catastrophic event. The reasons for the transatlantic divide are deep, long in development, and likely to endure. {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}When it comes to setting national priorities, determining thi'eats, defining challenges, and fashioning and implementing foreign and defense policies, the United States and Europe have parted ways.{{/U}} Europeans are more conscious of the growing differences, perhaps because they fear them more. European intellectuals are nearly unanimous in the conviction that Americans and Europeans no longer share a common "strategic culture." The European caricature at its most extreme depicts America's warlike temperament the natural product of a violent society. {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But even those who do not make this crude link agree there are profound differences in the way the United States and Europe conduct foreign policy.{{/U}} The United States, they argue, resorts to force more quickly and, compared with Europe, is less patient with diplomacy. Americans generally see the world divided between good and evil, between friends and enemies, while Europeans see a more complex picture. {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}When confronting real or potential adversaries, Americans generally favor policies of coercion rather than persuasion, emphasizing sanctions over inducements to better behavior, the stick over the carrot.{{/U}} Americans tend to seek finality in international affairs: They want problems solved, threats eliminated. And, of course, Americans increasingly tend toward unilateralism in international affairs. They are less inclined to act through international institutions such as the United Nations, less inclined to work cooperatively with other nations to pursue common goals, more skeptical about international law, and more willing to operate outside its strictures.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160-200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.1)Describethepicture,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题 Directions: Your roommate Mary transferred to another school a few days ago. Writer a letter to: 1) express your feeling of missing; 2) ask her to keep in touch. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.