问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Youarejustbackfromatourandhavesomecomplaintstomakeaboutthetouristcompany.Writealettertothemanagerofthecompanywhichincludesthefollowingpoints:(1)thepurposesofwritingtheletter;(2)theservicesyouwerenotsatisfactorywith;(3)thehopethattheycangiveyousomecompensation.Writeyourletterusingnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)

问答题In the long period from 1500 to 1800, western European nation-states were all influenced by a set of ideas known as mercantilism. (46) Mercantilist doctrine and institutions were important because they were held by practical businesspeople and heads of state who strongly influenced public policy and institutional change. The primary aim of mercantilists was to achieve power and wealth for the state. To generate an inflow of gold or silver through trade, the value of exports should exceed the value of imports. And the state could attain great power only if political and economic unity became a fact. (47) If all the materials necessary to foster domestic industry were not available, they could best be obtained by establishing colonies or friendly foreign trading posts from which such goods could be imported. And a strong merchant marine could carry foreign goods, thereby helping to secure favorable trade balances. (48) Mercantilists believed that these means of achieving national power could be made effective by the passage and strict enforcement of legislation regulating economic life. (49) Almost as soon as Virginia tobacco began to be shipped in commercial quantities to England, King James I levied a tax on it while agreeing to prohibit the growth of competing tobacco in England. Taxes, regulation, and subsidies were all used as mercantile policies, but the primary ones that affected the colonies were the Navigation Acts. In 1640s, Americans had slipped into the habit of shipping their goods directly to continental ports, and the Dutch made great inroads into the carrying trade of the colonies. After the Restoration, England was in a position to enforce a strict commercial policy, beginning with the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663. Despite the continued modifications to these acts by policy changes, it is sufficient to note three primary categories of trade restriction: (50) All trade of the colonies was to be carried in vessels that were English built and owned, commanded by an English captain, and manned by a crew of whom three-quarters were English. All foreign merchants were excluded from dealing directly in the commerce of the English colonies. They could engage in colonial trade only through England and merchants resident there. Certain commodities produced in the colonies could be exported only to England (essentially any destination within the Empire). These "enumerated" goods included sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, ginger and so on.

问答题 Directions: Write an announcement to your schoolmates, informing them an off-campus activity on September 18th. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Title: Copyright on the Internet Outline: the present state, reasons, and solutions You should write about 160--200 words heady on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题1) the picture is not clear enough, and some channel buttons don't work well; 2) sometimes there is no sound, and the color is not stable; 3) Customer First, Service Best. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign up your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题52.Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Firstdescribethepicture,interpretitsmeaning,2)Andthengiveyourcomments.

问答题Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. 46) Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. 47) Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies. Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. 48) When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms.Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively; they made critical change in United 'States procedures. 49) For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. 50) Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the spare stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.

问答题Annual check-ups and company "wellness programmes" have become a familiar part of the corporate landscape. (46) Companies are now also starting to touch on a potentially troubling area: their employees mental health. Companies as diverse as BT, Rolls Royce and Grant Thornton have introduced mental health programmes ranging from training managers to spot problems to rehabilitating those suffering breakdowns. The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health estimates that a sixth of the British workforce suffers from depression or stress. That mental ill health costs British employers almost $ 26 billion a year and American research suggests that "presenteeism" costs twice as much as absenteeism. Recently Grant Thornton sends its managers on a two day program put on by Positive Health Strategies, a London company. (47) Its program screens people for psychological well being, and offers advice on " optimizing performance" and " staying. positive under pressure". Focusing on the upper ranks makes sense for companies. The stars not only represent huge profits. They are also most likely to live under stress while maintaining a stiff upper lip. But focusing on stars also makes sense for the mental wellness movement itself: the best way to insert yourself into a company's DNA is to seduce its leadership. (48) What should one make of the corporate world's new found interest in promoting mental health? For sure, depression and anxiety can take a serious toll on productivity, and companies bear their share of the blame for promoting stress in the first place. And catching psychological problems early can prevent them from escalating. This all sounds promising. But there are nevertheless several troubling aspects. The first worry is that promoting psychological wellness crosses an important line between the public and the private, raising awkward questions. Should companies pry into people's emotional lives? Can they be trusted with the information they gather? And should psychologically frail workers put their faith in people who work primarily for their employers rather than in their personal doctors? Workers rightly worry that companies will use psychological information in their annual appraisals. (49) And that bosses will see the trend as an excuse for extending their power over staff—using the veiled threat of somehow being classified as mentally impaired to make them obey, and conform. A second worry is about the scientific foundations of the mental wellness movement. A phrase like "mental fitness" is bound to attract chalants and salesmen. Warren Bennis of the University of Southern California has noted that the new "science" of neuroleadership is "filled with banalities". Other people are less complimentary. The biggest problem with the movement lies in the assumption that promoting psychological wellness is as good as encouraging the physical sort. (50) Few would doubt that good physical health makes for good productivity; but it is not self-evident that a positive mental attitude is good for a worker or his output: history shows that misfits have contributed far more to creativity than perky optimists. Besides, curmudgeonliness is arguably a rational way to cope with an imperfect world, rather than a sign of mental maladjustment. Companies that chase the elusive "positive attitudes" may end up damaging themselves as well as sticking their noses where they have no business.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160-200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthesetofthefollowingpictures,giveyourcomments,and2)Pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

问答题Directions: After-sale servicers refused to pay for your faulty laptop that you bought from their store on New Year"s Day. Write an email to the customer service center to make a complaint, and demand a prompt solution. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题 Directions: Write a letter to Liu Xiang , expressing congratulations for his new world record. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything: two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA "letters" in the human body. 6 The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable, the completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the government"s Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public / private conflict played out in a genetic lab. Now the race is over. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HGP head Francis Collins (and Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being). No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. 7 Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soon—the "finish lines" each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, "first drafts" rather than the definitive version. 8 And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than they"ve been in years, insiders say that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration. The conflict blew up this February when Britain"s Wellcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGP"s complaints. Venter called the move "a lowlife thing to do." But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw. "The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors," Venter told Newsweek in March, "and fighting back is probably not helpful." 9 At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each other"s approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit. By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Monday"s joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. "If this ends the horse race, science wins." 10 With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethefollowingdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayofaround200wordsentitled"TheOnly-childGeneration"basedonthefollowingpicture.Youshouldinterpretthepicture,discussthecauseforsuchanegativeimpressionandgiveyourcommentonthepieceofnews.