问答题Jack S. Kilby, an electrical engineer whose invention of the integrated circuit gave rise to the information age and heralded an explosion of consumer electronics products in the last 50 years, from personal computers to cellphones, died Monday in Dallas. He was 81. His death, after a brief battle with cancer, was announced yesterday by Texas Instruments, the Dallas-based electronics company where he worked for a quarter centurya (46) The integrated circuit that Mr. Kilby designed shortly after arriving at Texas Instruments in 1958 served as the basis for modern microelectronics, transforming a technology that permitted the simultaneous manufacturing of a mere handful of transistors(晶体管) into a chip industry that routinely places billions of Lilliputian(微小的) switches in the area of a fingernail. His achievement—the integration—yielded a thin chip of crystal connecting previously separate components like transistors, resistors and capacitors within a single device. For that creation, commonly called the microchip, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000. (47) During his career at Texas Instruments he claimed more than 60 patents and was also one of the inventors of the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer. But it was Mr. Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit that most broadly shaped the electronic era. "It's hard to find a place where the integrated circuit doesn't affect your life today," Richard K. Templeton, Texas Instruments' president and chief executive officer, said in an interview yesterday. "That's how broad its impact is." It is an impact, Mr. Kilby said, that was largely unexpected. (48) "We expected to reduce the cost of electronics, but I don't think anybody was thinking in terms of factors of a million," he said in an undated interview cited by Texas Instruments. (49) The remarkable acceleration of the manufacturing process based on the integrated circuit was later described by Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of the Intel Corporation, whose partner, Robert N. Noyee, invented another version of the integrated circuit just months after Mr. Kilby. In 1965, three years after the first commercial integrated circuits came to market, Dr. Moore observed that the number of transistors on a circuit was doubling at regular intervals and would do so far into the future. (50) The observation, which came to be known as Moore's law, became the defining attribute of the chip-making industry, centered in what is now known as Silicon Valley, where Intel was based, rather than in Dallas.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are ill and can not go to school. There fore you have to write a sick leave which should include: 1) the description of your illness; 2) your aim of writing the sick leave. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethepicture,2)deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepicture,3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: You are supposed to invite Dr. King to make a speech about the future development of computer science at the annual conference of your department. Write a letter to Mr. King to 1) invite him on behalf of your department, 2) tell him the time and place of the conference, 3) promise to give him further details later. You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpictures2)Analyzepossiblereasons3)Andpredictthetendencies.

问答题Exaggeration is an intoxication of words. Language temporarily loses its self-con- trol. In events of world-class exaggeration, the tongue likes to disconnect itself from the past and race off obviously astride any passing enthusiasm. Most excesses do not display the exaggerator's art in it's best light: they are merely blurbs and boasts. (46)In more complex usage, exaggeration does dynamic and suggestive work: it can be used to frighten or threaten, to reassure (oneself or others), to glorify, and, above all, to relieve the tedium of life to entertain. Exaggeration is one of the methods of all myth--from Olympian deities to giants like Paul Bunyan and John Henry, to mythic historical figures--Mao, say, or George Patton. (47)A child exaggerates his parents' powers to the point of myth; heroes and caricatures, of course, is based on the artists method of exaggerating one feature in proportion to the others. (48)The great difficulty with all exaggerations is that while most of the audience may understand that excess and ornament are in the air, and may automatically do a mental calculation discounting the rhetoric, the fact is that different auditors discount at different rates. It is often difficult to know just how much exaggeration is in- volved, and how much truth, ff Iranians pumping their fists in the air describe the U. S. the "Great Satan," how much of that is homicidal hostility, how much is merely Persian literary style? In simplest definition, exaggeration is a form of lying. Is it therefore bad, an instrument of untruth? It depends. Sometimes the artful exaggeration is a way of evoking, of discovering, an essential truth lying below the prosaic surface of things. (49)The very idea of exaggeration supposes some discoverable, objective reality in advance, so the task of the human eye and scientific intelligence, in this classic view, would be to describe that reality as dispassionately and accurately as possible. The world has its being outside the fanciful brain of the exaggerator, a romantic whose business is to distort reality. (50)Still, in the late 20th century, where reality is not stable, where it is instead discontinuous, mon- strously surprising, then it is hard to know what is an overstatement and what is not The Holocaust, for example, was an event far beyond the vocabularies of exaggeration. Nevertheless, distinctions must be made; there are times when exaggerations are highly useful; there are times when they may be fatal.

问答题Directions:Write a notice. Your class is going camping. Write a notice with a list of Dos and Dont's. Think of the following: where to put up your tents; shade; washing up; bathing; lighting fires; cooking; boiling water; storing food; animals; toilets You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a college student and you intend to work part time during your vacation. In your letter, you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for, your experience and your hobbies, etc. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are writing to launch a strong complaint about the impolite treatment that your guests, your colleague and you received when you met in a restaurant on the eve of the New Year last Friday evening. Your letter should include: 1) detailed description of your experience, 2) and your strong resentment. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. (46) {{U}}You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.{{/U}} The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. (47) {{U}}It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems.{{/U}} (48) {{U}}It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that' represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect.{{/U}} In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. (49) {{U}}It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.{{/U}} But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. (50) {{U}}To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter.{{/U}} Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

问答题 In the early 1800s, groups of English workers wrecked machines that they felt threatened their jobs. (46){{U}} They were called "Luddites" after one of their leaders, a term that is now used for anyone who puts up resistance to new technologies. (47) The odd thing about nanotechnology's Luddites is that they have started resisting before the technology has really established itself. {{/U}} As people start to buy products involving nanotechnology, from odour-resistant shirts to window glass that repels dirt, they will realise that many of these new things are useful and harmless. And as awareness of nanotechnology grows, they will begin to understand that it covers a range of different ways of doing things, some of which carry some risk and others do not. As a result, the technology's detractors will probably become more nuanced in their complaints. Nanotechnology has the potential to cause an industrial upheaval, just as electricity did in its time. (48) {{U}}Like electricity, though, it has so many and such diverse applications that it is unlikely to arrive in one huge wave, as nanotechnology's critics fear. {{/U}}Instead, there will be a series of smaller waves. (49) {{U}}Many of the innovations the technology may bring are a long way off, leaving plenty of time to prepare. {{/U}} Nanotechnology, like any new discovery, offers both risks and rewards. There will undoubtedly be some need to control its exploitation to minimize the risks, but there are also strong arguments for allowing the unfettered pursuit of knowledge, without it, innovation cannot flourish. Twenty years ago, nobody could have foreseen that the invention of a new microscope would launch a remarkable new technology, perhaps a revolution. (50) {{U}}Scientists should be allowed to work with as little hindrance as possible to gain a better understanding of the object of their study-however large or small. {{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} 2008 Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing. Now the Beijing Olympic Games Committee is now recruiting volunteers to serve the games in many aspects such as interpreters, security assistants, medical assistants, and backup teams. You are expected to write a letter of self-recommendation to the committee to apply for the suitable vacancy of volunteers. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not show in the letter any specific information of your college or university; Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use" Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Firstdescribethepicture,interpretitsmeaningand2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: Suppose that you cannot return the book to William in person for some emergency and will ask someone else to return it. 1) Give your suggestions, and explain the reasons. 2) Other recommendation. Write a note in about 100 words to inform him of it. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use" Zhang Wei"instead.

问答题1) the specific responsibilities of the job 2) application requirements in academic background, work experience, etc. 3) probable salary standard You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't need to write the address.