问答题Your should write no less than 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. When the Vikings invaded Great Britain, they did more than slaughter the population, ransack the cities and scorch the earth. They also left substantial influence on the English language words like slaughter, ransack and scorch. (46) {{U}}Now, a single word in an ancient manuscript has led a U. S. linguist to conclude that the influence of the Norse on the English language may have come as much as a century earlier than most scholars had thought.{{/U}} The find came when English professor Jonathan Evans of the University of Georgia was reading a passage to his Old English class from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and a Norse word, theora, jumped out at him. The 1122 text, according to generations of scholars, was supposed to be too early to contain evidence of Danish influence on Old English. (47) {{U}}But the fact that the text used the Nordic form of "their" rather than the Old English hiera or heora, suggested that Norsemen and their English hosts were not only living side-by-side in England's East Midlands but also were in "frequent, peaceful communication", Evans contends.{{/U}} "I thought I had made a mistake," when he first saw the word, he said. "There it was, sitting there in plain sight. Nobody saw this Danish word sitting there. I kept it quiet because I thought I made a mistake. ' But he was urged to investigate by a visiting Danish scholar, Hans Nielsen. (48) {{U}}So Evans spent several years pursuing a hunch that a Roman Catholic monk slipped into the local dialect while copying out the ancient historical work for his monastery.{{/U}} If so, that suggests to Evans that Norse and West-Saxon dialects of Old English had mingled significantly by the 12th century if not earlier. The result of Evans' research is a paper, recently published in the journal North-Western European Language Evolution. (49) {{U}}His parer puts forth the theory that the monk's use of the Norse word is the first datable example in English of Scandinavian-derived plural pronouns, antecedents of the modern English words "they, them", and "their".{{/U}} (50) {{U}}"This is a footnote in a much more well-known story--the story of Scandinavian borrowings in the English language. ' said Evans, who can read texts in Danish, French, Old English and Old Icelandic.{{/U}} "It's going to be interesting to see how other scholars view this discovery but I think I've made my case for it."

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Study the two pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled "On Education of China". In the essay, you should (1) describe the pictures; (2) interpret their meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 One of the most fashionable treatments for disease, gene therapy, has so far made little headway in tackling one of the most modish of illnesses, AIDS and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes it. 46. {{U}}The idea of gene-therapy treatment for HIV/AIDS would be to create a gene that, when placed in an infected person, would make all of the offspring of the cell into which it was inserted resistant to the virus.{{/U}} Even if the virus continued to destroy the patient's immune cells, new ones that could not be infected would replace them. Eventually, the disease would no longer threaten the health of the patient. A first step towards this has been achieved by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and VIRXSYS, a biotechnology firm based near Baltimore. 47.{{U}} Rather than inserting a gene directly, they removed the immune cells from people and replaced them with versions that had been modified to resist the virus. {{/U}}The results were published in this week's issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The team treated five infected patients who had not responded to at least two different programmes of treatment using conventional anti-retroviral drugs. They removed from each patient's blood the cells called "helper T-cells" that would normally mobilise the immune response to the virus. 48. {{U}}These were purified and stuffed with a form of HIV that had been altered to carry a mirror image or "antisense" version of a molecule that enables it to multiply. {{/U}}This genetic fiddling disrupted the reproduction of the virus inside infected cells. Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe. But the researchers were pleasantly surprised to find that the number of viruses in each patient dropped. This suggests that the treatment was tackling the disease effectively in difficult patients for whom conventional drugs had failed. 49. {{U}}According to Carl June of the University of Pennsylvania, their immune systems responded "as if they were on a vaccine" and it appeared as though their bodies were "vaccinating themselves" against HIV.{{/U}} The researchers are now moving to the next phase of study, which will involve more patients, including those whose disease is in its early stages. 50. {{U}}If later trials confirm the early positive results, this approach could prove a useful complement to existing drugs or a future vaccine -- and may even replace them.{{/U}}

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题 Directions: Write a letter to your friend Steven, giving him some suggestions on how to choose a major between English and Economics at university. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80--100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 如何让你的大脑更聪慧 益智的药物。到了40岁左右，诚实的人就可能承认已经注意到他们的智力变化了。这是逐渐衰退的开端，我们当中有很多人到头来会变为痴呆。有几种可能产生被称为“认知增强”效果的药物，它们已经出现在市场上，还有二三十种其他药物也即将面世。或许最著名的要算莫达菲尼(modafinil)了。莫达菲尼可以使人保持清醒和机警连续达90小时，不会出现紧张不安和注意力不集中。事实上，失眠的人们在莫达菲尼的帮助下甚至能比他们充分休息而不用药时的表现还要好。 有益于思维的食物。你的大脑是你身体里最贪婪的器官，对饮食有某些相当特殊的要 求。所以你吃的东西会影响你怎样思维，就不足为奇了。 首先，早餐必须具备最高的质量。给大脑持续稳定地供应葡萄糖是对大脑最好的营养方式，许多研究已经表明，不吃早餐会降低人们在学校和工作中的表现。英国厄尔斯特大学的巴巴拉·斯图尔特曾发现，烤面包加豆类是极好的组合。吃烤面包会在各种认知测试中增加儿童们的得分，但是如果测试变得难度更高，则含有高蛋白豆类的早餐效果最好。 对午餐的明智选择是炒鸡蛋和沙拉。鸡蛋富含胆碱，身体用它制造神经传递素乙酰胆碱。乙酰胆碱的低水平也与阿尔茨海默氏病有关，而有些研究表明，增加膳食的摄入量可以延缓与年龄有关的记忆丧失。午后3时左右，不要忘记弄点儿点心吃，以保持你体内的葡萄糖水平。 最后，你最好用草莓和蓝莓结束晚餐。用这些水果饲养的大家鼠已表现出了协调力、注意力和短期记忆力的提高。 莫扎特效应。如今在威斯康星大学奥什科什分校工作的心理学家弗朗西斯·劳谢尔，10年前和她的同事们发现，听莫扎特的音乐可以提高人们的数学和空间推理能力，从而轰动一时。上音乐课的6岁儿童，与那些上戏剧课或者没有接受课外教育的儿童相比，他们的智商得分会高出2至3点。与此相似，劳谢尔发现，在空间推理测验方面，上过两年音乐课的学龄前儿童比上过计算机课的儿童得分更多。 有益的记忆训练。人的智商是用脑力解决问题的各种能力(包括空间推理的各种技能、记忆和言辞推理)的一种测量尺度。直到最近，人们一直认为智商主要是由遗传学确定下来的固定不变的东西。但是近来有些线索表明，称为暂存记忆的一种最基本的大脑功能可能构成我们一般智力的基础，同时展现出让人感兴趣的可能性：如果你的暂存记忆得到改善，你的智商也就可以得到提高。 良好的睡眠。睡眠不足对你的大脑极为有害。编制计划、解决问题、学习、集中注意力、暂存记忆和保持警惕，这一切都会遭受冲击。智商得分急剧下降。幸运的是，这种情况可以逆转，而且还不止于此。如果你让不失眠的人多睡上一两个小时，他们完成需要持久注意力的任务(如考试)会比平常时好得多。 锻炼身体。对于那些厌烦学习的人来说，他们的夙愿得以实现。只要一个星期3次均衡慢速地步行半小时，就能将学习、专注和抽象推理等能力提高15%。在岁数较大的人中，这些效应特别显著。经常步行的老年人在记忆测试中的成绩比坐着不动的同龄人要好得多。更重要的是，几年下来，他们在各种认知测试中的得分比那些不步行的人的得分显示出少得多的下降。 积极的神经反馈。神经反馈是从20世纪60年代流行的生物反馈疗法发展出来的。它通过向人们显示他们生理机能的某个看来不可控制方面(例如心率)的实时测量数字，并促使他们努力改变这个数字来达到治疗目的。令人惊讶的是，许多病人发现他们能够改变这个数字，不过他们很少有人能够描述是怎样做成这件事的。 德国蒂宾根大学的内尔斯·毕尔鲍麦尔想要了解，神经反馈是否能帮助患精神病的罪犯控制他们的冲动。而且有迹象表明，这种方法能提高创造性，增强我们的兴奋度，给懦弱的人以更多的自信，提高低落的情绪，改变左右脑活动间的平衡，还能改变性格特征。所有这一切都归功于大脑思维的力量。

问答题Directions: You want to invite a friend to a party. Write an invitation letter to a friend: 1) saying where the party will be held, 2) giving the reason(s) for the party, and 3) stating what will be arranged. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. For more than 40 years, a controlling insight in my educational philosophy has been the recognition that no one has ever been -- no one can be -- educated in school or college. 46) {{U}}That would be the case if our schools and colleges were at their very best, which they certainly are not, and even if the students were among the best and the brightest as well as conscientious in the application of their powers{{/U}}. The reason is simply that youth itself -- immaturity -- is an unconquerable obstacle to becoming educated. Schooling is for the young. Education comes later, usually much later. 47) {{U}}The very best thing for our schools to do is to prepare the young for continued learning in later life by giving them the skills of learning and the love of it. Our schools and colleges are not doing that now, but that is what they should be doing{{/U}}. 48) {{U}}To speak of an educated young person or of a wise young person, rich in the understanding of basic ideas and issues is as much a contradiction in terms as to speak of a round square{{/U}}. The young can be prepared for education in the years to come, but only mature men and women can become educated, beginning the process of their 40s and 50s and reaching some amount of genuine insight, sound judgment and practical wisdom after they have turned 60. This is what no high school or college graduates know or can understand. As a matter of fact, most of their teachers do not seem to know it. 49) {{U}}In their obsession with covering ground and in the way in which they test or examine their students, they certainly do not act as if they understood that they were only preparing their students for education in later life rather than trying to complete it within the realms of their institutions{{/U}}. There is, of course, some truth in the ancient insight that awareness of ignorance is the beginning of wisdom. But, remember, it is just the beginning. From there on one has to do something about it. 50) {{U}}And to do it intelligently one must know something of its muses and cures -- why adults need education and what, if anything, they can do about it{{/U}}.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} After having finished the end-of-term exams, you have gone straight home without saying goodbye to your roommate Li Hong. Write a letter to her: 1) explaining the situation, and 2) inviting her home during the vacation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not Sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. (46) With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early 1990s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think and communicate with others. (47) The unprecedented success of the-Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the US government. Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors. (48) First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be that the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no shame attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough. (49) A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to ultimate success. (50) Of equal importance, bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition. Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturesbriefly,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

问答题1) details about what you are going to do; 2) when and where you will go out. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)