问答题"BLOGGO PLC ", announces its press office at 7am, London time, "last night agreed to purchase Junko Inc, of Wichita."(46) A quote from Bloggo's proud chairman sets out how well the American purchase fits the British buyer's strategy. And the British shareholder, if he is wise, heads for his broker and the exit. (47) That, repeatedly, has been the lesson of British incursions into the United States: from attempts in the 1950s of firms like Austin and Morris to sell their utterly ill-suited and often ill-built small cars of the time, through European Ferries, which in the 1980s bought up several thousand acres near Denver, presumably without asking—until it went all-but belly up—whether a cross-Channel ferry firm really knew more about land in Colorado than local real-estate buffs did. Even in the later era of serious direct investment, British incursions have had a spotty, record. Two academics at Xfi, Exeter University's new finance and investment centre, have now put figures on it. Alan Gregory and Steve McCorriston studied 197 British takeovers in America, nearly all the significant ones, in manufacturing and services (banking excluded) in 1984-94. (48) Over a five-year period from the purchase, they found, the cumulative return to shareholders was 27% lower than "normal"—ie, for; similar companies that had stayed at home—and notably worse than the trivial difference over one year that stockmarkets (and academics) have tended to look at. (49) The figure was also in notable contrast to comparable ones from 97 takeovers in the European Union, and 39 elsewhere in the world. Returns in the EU looked better than normal, but the figures were not statistically significant; those in the rest of the world were both, 32% better. (50) You might expect the opposite, given that Britain's corporate culture is much like America's. but some way from those of most EU countries. So why the unexpected outcome? The Exeter academics do not know, but would love to find out—if they can get the research funding.

问答题you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Matin" instead. you do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160-200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethepicture,2)deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepicture,and3)suggestcounter-measures.

问答题1) your gratitude for being given the opportunity, 2) your basic background, 3) your wish for everybody to have a good time. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2: (10 points)

问答题Directions: Write a letter to the manager of a hotel to complain about the service you received there and suggest the solutions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. (1) It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. (2) On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. (3) The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him, Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. (4) The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society's ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. (5) But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.

问答题 Exercise, everyone advises! But immediately, when you try, you run into trouble. (46){{U}}There is so much contradictory, sometimes incorrect advice about exercising that you become confused{{/U}}. Test yourself on the following true false quiz. It will tell you what you need to know. 1. The best way to reduce the mid-section is to do abdominal exercise. False. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues in the immediate area are "burned up." (47){{U}}The truth-is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area, regardless of the type of exercise{{/U}}. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waistline too! 2. To maintain an adequate level of physical fitness, you need to exercise only twice a week. False. Studies conducted by NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. After 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish the good physical effect. And what does that mean to you? (48) {{U}}NASA scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most beneficial, three alternating days each week will maintain an adequate level of physical fitness{{/U}}. 3. To lose weight you should always "work up a good sweat" when exercising. False. Sweating only lowers body temperature to prevent overheating; it does not help you reduce weight. You may weigh less immediately after a workout, but this is due to water loss. Once you replace the liquid, you replace the weight. 4. If your breathing doesn't return to normal within minutes after you finish exercising, you've exercised too much. True. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn't be pounding, and you shouldn't be exhausted. (49) {{U}}Beneficial exercise is not overly difficult, unpleasant, and exhausting; it is moderate, enjoyable, and refreshing{{/U}}. 5. Walking is one of the best exercises. True. Walking helps circulation of blood throughout the body, and thus has a direct effect or your overall feeling of health. 6. The minimum amount of time you should spend exercising in a day is 20 minutes. True. There are more than 400 muscles that attach to your skeleton. (50) {{U}}A good exercise routine should contract and stretch all these muscles, and this simply cannot be done with four or five exercises in five to ten minutes{{/U}}. From experience, I've found that about 20 minutes is the minimum amount of time needed for an adequate workout.

问答题 Immediately after the Civil War, however, the diet began to change. 46){{U}} Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers; cold storage and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fresh fish; and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods{{/U}}. Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, sugar and syrups, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices. Decreased consumption was shown for meats, potatoes, and grain products. 47){{U}} By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products: rather than on grains. which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American public{{/U}}. Whereas a grain and fish diet, such as in Japan, requires only a quarter of an acre high yield cropland and no pasture per capita, the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita-Also it indicated a shift toward the so-called protective foods, toward those high in vitamins and proteins. 48){{U}} This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection ( the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906), by the increasing, use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920's and 1910's and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades.{{/U}} In the years after World War I a food revolution took place that was reminiscent of the one that occurred after the Civil War. The output of the food manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1920.49){{U}} In that interval, as we have mentioned earlier, home canning gave way to commercial canning and the labor of housekeeping was lightened.{{/U}} Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the middle of the nineteenth century have resulted in better nutrition for the population. In port, these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old, but in part, they have been made because the new foods were advocated by nutritionists. Apparently American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health. 50){{U}} Possibly one factor that has contributed to the readiness of Americans to accept new foods or food preparations as the general familiarity most have with a variety of regional dishes coming from many different lands.{{/U}} Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco, one can find restaurants specializing in French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabian, or Chinese cuisine. And at a Chinese restaurant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to he Oriental.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Suppose you are a college student on a school campus or an employee in a company. Recently you noticed that some people never paid attention to the signs on a garbage can that say it is desirable to deal with wastes separately. Now you are going to make a conservation campaign speech at a party. And your speech should include: 1) the present situation, 2) and your suggestions. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Many students have complained about the price and the limited varieties of the dishes of the canteen this semester. As the president of Student Union, please write a letter of complaint to the manager of the canteen. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at till end of the letter. Use “Jordan” instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题Directions:StudythepicturescarefullyandwriteacompositionentitledTheIncreasingUseofPrivateCarsinChina.Baseyouressayontheoutlinegivenbelow:1.showyourunderstandingofthepictures,2.presentpossiblereasonsforthephenomenon,and3.drawaconclusion.Youshouldneatlywrite160—200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题We maintain that in general a focus on positive information benefits well-being. However, there are probably conditions when a chronic tendency to focus on positive material is maladaptive. One such context, we presumed, is decision making, especially when options include both positive and negative features. (46) When making decisions, negative features of options often have higher diagnostic value. If a person who is deciding whether to renew a health care plan remembers that she likes her physician but forgets that the plan does not pay for the hip surgery she needs, a suboptimal decision could be made. (47) Corinna and I designed another study with two primary aims: to see whether in a decision context older people would review positive features of options more than negative features; and if this was the case, to see if we could eliminate the effect by modifying goals with instructions. (48) Using computer-based decision scenarios, 60 older and 60 younger adults were presented with positive, negative, and neutral information about ostensible health care options. Some scenarios presented characteristics of physicians. Others presented features of health care plans. The information was hidden behind colored squares, and participants had to click on the square to see the information. They were told that positive information was behind white squares and negative information was behind black squares. We then observed how often participants examined the positive information versus the negative information. Later we tested their memory for the information. As we predicted, older adults reviewed and recalled a greater proportion of positive information than did younger adults. Most important, participants in one group were repeatedly reminded to "focus on the facts" and in this group the preference for positive information disappeared. Human need is the basis for virtually all of science. If we rise to the challenge of an aging population by systematically applying science and technology to questions that improve quality of life in adulthood and old age, longer-lived populations will inspire breakthroughs in the social, physical, and biological sciences that will improve the quality of life at all ages. (49) Longevity science will reveal ways to improve learning from birth to advanced ages and to deter age related slowing in cognitive procession. Longevity science will draw enormously on insights about individuals' genomic predispositions and the environmental conditions that trigger the onset of disease. (50) Longevity science will help us understand how stress slowly but surely affects health. Most of the challenges of longer-lived populations will require interdisciplinary collaborations. Psychological science must be a part of this process.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethecartoon,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题For the first time in decades, doctors have begun making major changes in the treatment of lung cancer, based on research proving that chemotherapy can significantly lengthen life for many patients for whom it was previously thought to be useless. The shift in care applies to about 50,000 people a year in the United States who have early cases of the most common form of the disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and whose tumors are removed by surgery. (46) Many of these patients, who just a few years ago would have been treated with surgery alone, are now being given chemotherapy as well, just as it is routinely given after surgery for breast or colon (结肠)cancer. The new approach has brightened a picture that was often bleak. "The benefit is at least as good, and maybe better than in the other cancers," said Dr. John Minna, a lung cancer expert and research director at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. He said new discoveries were helping to eliminate doctors' "nihilistic" attitudes about chemotherapy for lung cancer. "The standard of care has changed," said Dr. Christopher G. Azzoli, a lung cancer specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. (47) A major impetus for the change came a year ago, when two studies presented at a cancer conference showed marked increases in survival in patients who received adjuvant (辅助的)chemotherapy, meaning the drugs were given after surgery. In one study of 482 patients in Canada and the United States, led by Dr. Timothy Winton, a surgeon from the University of Alberta, 69 percent of patients who had surgery and chemotherapy were still alive five years later, as compared with 54 percent who had just surgery. The patients were given a combination of two drugs, cisplatin and vinorelbine, once a week for 16 weeks. In the world of lung cancer research, a survival difference of 15 percentage points is enormous. (48) Overall, the patients given chemotherapy lived 94 months, versus 73 months in those who had only surgery--also a huge difference in a field in which a treatment is hailed as a success if it gives patients even three or four extra months. A second study, also announced at the conference last year, had similar findings, and so did a third, presented just a month ago at the annual meeting of the same cancer group, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, At major medical centers, doctors quickly began to put the results into practice. (49) "The findings were so stunning from these studies a year ago that they began to change the standard of care," said Dr. Pasi Janne, a lung cancer specialist at the-Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "Over the last year, the number of patients we've had referred here for adjuvant chemotherapy has gone up steadily." (50) But some doctors hesitated to make changes, Dr. Winton said, wanting first to see the studies published in a medical journal, which would mean the data had stood up to the scrutiny(仔细的检查) of editors and expert reviewers. Now, his study has become the first of the three to pass that test. It is being published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, along with an editorial by Dr. Katherine M. S. Pisters, a lung cancer specialist at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.