问答题 16 Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. 17 Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America"s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. 18 In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year, this is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 19 Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America"s, have little productive slack. America"s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. 20 Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

问答题 In the past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46) {{U}}In January, President George Bush brushed aside the fact that America's entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. {{/U}}(47) {{U}}In June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no longer the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht.{{/U}} That was followed in September by Sir Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had signed a deal with Mr Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48) {{U}}Now, in the dying days of the year, America's Congress has passed a bill that unravels a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what terms.{{/U}} (49) {{U}}The hill also allows passengers to fly on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London.{{/U}} The official line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richard's latest venture is modestly named, is that this coming change in the law makes no practical difference to the firm's plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some sort of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgin's headquarters in London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock up of the inter[or of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50) {{U}}Virgin has already committed ＄20m towards licensing the SpaceShipOne technology from Mr Rutan and his financial backer Paul Allen, a software billionaire.{{/U}}

问答题Directions: You are supposed to put forward some rules for job-seekers and you may offer your suggestions in terms of the following points: 1) appearance, 2) ability and knowledge, and 3) confidence. You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions{{/B}} You have an appointment next Friday with your supervisor about your thesis but you are unable to keep it bemuse something unexpected has happened: Write a letter to him according to the following outline: 1) express your apology for your inability to keep it; 2) give your reasons for it; 3) suggest other remedies. You should write about i00 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Xin" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题1)writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon,2)andgiveyourcomments.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The municipal government is going to hold a two-day international financial summit at this coming weekend. During the weekend, traffic around the meeting site will be directed and controlled. Write a notice on behalf of the Traffic Control Bureau under the Public Transportation Department of tile Municipal Government to publicize this information. You are expected to imagine some specific measures of traffic control. Write the notice in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheextendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题 The finding is contrary to the common belief that all people are motivated to alleviate negative moods, according to Jonathon Brown, a University of Washington psychologist. (46) “{{U}}Many people with low self-esteem believe sadness is part of life and that you shouldn’t try to get rid of it, while people with high self-esteem believe in doing something to feel better if they have a negative experience or get in a bad mood,{{/U}} ”said Brown. The researchers conducted five studies involving nearly 900 people. (47){{U}}In the key experiment, the researchers created a sad mood by having subjects listen to music and found that people with low self-esteem were significantly less likely than people with high self-esteem to select a comedy video from among six tapes to break their mood.{{/U}} “People with lowself-esteem feel resignation because they question whether anything will help and say ‘ I’m not good at breaking or changing a mood, ” Brown said. “They also believe sadness is not something you get rid of and that you learn and grow from sadness. They feel it is not appropriate to try to change a mood. These are not people who would necessarily go to the movies or shopping to feel better. ” There are things that people with low self-esteem can do to snap a negative mood, according to Brown. (48) “{{U}}If you have low self-esteem, you should actively try to rise above the sadness and learn that you will feel better if you do not passively accept sadness.{{/U}} You can get better if you remind yourself to do something. You may have to kick yourself in the butt to go to a movie because it will require a conscious effort rather than something that comes automatically, ” he said. The other four studies reinforced the idea that low self-esteem people are less motivated to change a negative mood. The initial study asked students to record in a diary a positive or negative experience that happened to them in the next 7 to 10 days and what they did afterwards. (49){{U}}The second study found that people with low self-esteem are equally knowledgeable as those with high self-esteem about strategies to repair negative moods.{{/U}} The final two studies asked people about their experiences when they were in a negative mood. (50) {{U}}Those with high self-esteem were more likely to express the need to do something to change the mood and less likely to recall instances when they didn’t find a way to improve their mood.{{/U}} Those with low self-esteem, however, were more likely to say such moods are acceptable and that they couldn’t change a mood even if they tried. They also were more likely to say that negative moods sapped their energy.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpictures2)Analyzepossiblereasons3)Andpredictthetendencies.

问答题 Directions: In almost every vocation, college students are supposed to undertake such activities as offering their knowledge to those who need most, performing some social investigations, taking part time jobs, or volunteering to do whatever that the society needs. Write something you did that was worth mentioning in previous summer vocation as a letter to one of the editors of a newspaper. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.