问答题A chilling feature of the suicide video left by Mohammad Sidique Khan, the leader of the band that killed more than 50 people in London in July, 2005, was the homely Yorkshire accent in which he told his countrymen that "your" government is at war with "my people". What makes a Muslim in Britain or America wake up and decide that he is no longer a Briton or American but an Islamic "soldier" fighting a holy war against the infidel? Part of it must be pull, part is presumably push. George Bush has repeated like a scratched gramophone record that Americans were at war with the terrorists who had attacked them on 9/11, not at war with Islam. (46) Barack Obama has followed suit: the White House national security strategy published in May says that one way to guard against radicalisation at home is to stress that "diversity is part of our strength—not a source of division or insecurity. " This is hardly rocket science. (47) And that reminding Americans of the difference—a real one, by the way, not one fabricated for the purposes of political correctness—between Islam, a religion with a billion adherents, and A1 Qaeda, a terrorist outfit that claims to speak in Islam's name but has absolutely no right to do so. Why would any responsible American politician want to erase that vital distinction? Good question. (48) Ask Sarah Palin, or Newt Gingrich, or the many others who have lately clamored about the offensive campaign to stop Cordoba House, a proposed community centre and mosque, from being built in New York two blocks from the site of the twin towers. In a tweet last month from Alaska, Ms Palin called on "peaceful Muslims" to "repudiate" the "ground zero mosque" because it would "stab" American hearts. But why should it? Cordoba House is not being built by Al Qaeda. To the contrary, it is the brainchild of Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, a well meaning American cleric who has spent years trying to promote interfaith understanding. He is modelling his project on New York's 92nd Street Y, a Jewish community centre that reaches out to other religions. The site was selected precisely so that it might heal some of the wounds opened by the felling of the twin towers and all that followed. True, some relatives of 9/11 victims are hurt by the idea of a mosque going up near the site. (49) But that feeling of hurt makes sense only if they too buy the false idea that Muslims in general were perpetrators of the crime. Besides, what about the feelings, and for that matter the rights, of America's Muslims—some of whom also perished in the atrocity? (50) It is impossible to excuse the mean spirit and scrambled logic of Mr Ginger's assertion that "there should be no mosque near ground zero so long as there are no churches or synagogues in Saudi Arabia". To Mr Gingrich, it seems, an American Muslim is a Muslim first and an American second. Al Qaeda would doubtless concur. Mr Gingrich also objects to the centre's name. Imam Feisal says he chose "Cordoba" in recollection of a time when the rest of Europe had sunk into the Dark Ages but Muslims, Jews and Christians created an oasis of art, culture and science. Mr Gingrich sees only a "deliberate insult", a reminder of a period when Muslim conquerors ruled Spain. Like Mr bin Laden, Mr Gingrich is apparently still reiterating the victories and defeats of religious wars fought in Europe and the Middle East centuries ago. He should rejoin the modern world, before he does real harm.

问答题What are you doing when you aren't doing anything at all? If you said "nothing," then you have just passed a test in logic and failed a test in neuroscience. (46)When people perform mental tasks, different areas of their brains become active, and brain scans show these active areas as brightly colored squares on an otherwise dull gray background. But researchers have recently discovered that when these areas of our brains light up, other areas go dark. This dark network is off when we seem to be on, and on when we seem to be off. When we appear to be doing nothing, we are clearly doing something. But what? The answer, it seems, is time travel. (47)The human body moves forward in time at the rate of one second per second whether we like it or not, but the human mind can move through time in any direction and at any speed it chooses. Why did evolution design our brains to go wandering in time? Perhaps it's because an experi- ence is a terrible thing to waste. (48)Time travel allows us to pay for an experience once and then have it again and again at no additional charge, learning new lessons with each repetition. Animals learn by trial and error, and the smarter they are, the fewer trials they need. Traveling backward buys us many trials for the price of one, but traveling forward allows us to dispense with trials entirely. (49)Just as pilots practice flying in flight simulators, the rest of us practice living in life simulators, and our ability to simulate future courses of action and preview their consequences en- ables us to learn from mistakes without making them. The dark network allows us to visit the future, but not just any future: only when we move ourselves through time does it come alive. Perhaps the most startling fact about the dark network isn't what it does but how often it does it. Neurosci- entists refer to it as the brain's default mode, which is to say that we spend more of our time away from the present than in it. (50)People typically overestimate how often they are in the moment because they rarely take notice when they take leave; it is only when the environment demands our attention that our mental time ma- chines switch themselves off. We stay just long enough to take a message and then we slip off again to the land of Elsewhen, our dark networks awash in fight.

问答题An earthquake hit the hometown of one of your friends, Xiao Wang, a week ago. Write a letter to condole with him on the disaster and offer help to him. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Few things destroy the reputation of a high-class hotel faster than bed bugs. 16 These vampiric arthropods, which almost disappeared from human dwellings with the introduction of synthetic insecticides after the Second World War, are making a comeback. They can drink seven times their own weight in blood in a night, leaving itchy welts on the victim"s skin and blood spots on his sheets as they do so. That is enough to send anyone scurrying to hotel-rating internet sites—and even possibly to lawyers. New York is worst-hit at the moment: neither five-star hotels nor top-notch apartments have been spared. But other places, too, are starting to panic. 17 Hotel staff from LOS Angeles to London are scrutinizing the seams of mattresses and the backs of skirting boards, where the bugs often hide during the day, with more than usual zeal. But frequently this is to no avail. Bed bugs are hard to spot. Even trained pest-control inspectors can miss them. What is needed is a way to flush them into the open. And James Logan, Emma Weeks and their colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Rothamsted Research think they have one: a bed-bug trap baited with something the bugs find irresistible—the smell of their own droppings. 18 The reason the bugs are attracted to this smell is that they use it to navigate back to their hidey-holes after a night of feeding. To develop the bait for the new trap, Dr. Weeks therefore analyzed the chemicals given off by bed-bug faeces and attempted to work out which of the components were acting as signposts. 19 She did this by puffing air collected from a jar containing bed-bug faeces into a machine called a gas chromatograph, which separated the components from one another and then through a mass spectrometer, to identify each component from its molecular weight. Having found what the smell consisted of, she wafted the chemicals in question, one by one, at bed bugs that had their antennae wired up to micro-electrodes, to see which of them provoked a response. 20 The result, the details of which the team is keeping secret for the moment for commercial reasons, is used to bait a trap and designed by Dr. Logan that is about the size of a standard mouse trap and has a sticky floor similar to fly paper. And it works. To paraphrase the slogan of Roach Motel, a brand of traps aimed at a different sort of insect pest, bed bugs check in, but they don"t check out.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Being a good parent is harder now that it has ever been before. In pressurized modern lives, demands to be a fulfilled individual, and a good partner and a good worker, take no account of being a good parent. (46){{U}}We haven't left space for the nurturing parents to care for their children and provide the kind of care that their children need, resulting in the fact that many families in the western world just don't work.{{/U}} Most of us have a bit of yearning for a table full of children descending neatly in size, the older ones helping the younger ones. Let's control our nostalgia: that" traditional family" had many faults, not least in the roles it imposed on females. (47) {{U}}The problem is that in the last generation or so we've come to assume that women should be able and want to do everything that both men and women have done by tradition.{{/U}} And it's just not possible. Indeed since adopting a male agenda in life is probably only another form of the traditional ethics that men are superior to women, quite a number of highly educated and economically privileged women are now opting to take career breaks so as to be at home with their children for longer than the 18 weeks. Having children -- especially the first child -- puts a bigger strain on a couple's relationship than anything else they ever do. (48) {{U}}Facing the ever-enormous stress caused by the kids, some who stay together emerge stronger and richer, but numerous couples never recover from the strain.{{/U}} Parents are often divided at many aspects of child nurturing, such as early education and habit forming. (49) {{U}}So a future of smaller families and more people choosing not to have children at all could well leave couples closer than they are today; for many, the purpose of being together would be solely to pleasure and support each other --an interesting prospect.{{/U}} Let's hope people in the future will only have children if they really want them. And that should mean something that is seen as a much more positive commitment than it is now, and that parents are socially supported, and admired for doing a good job. (50) {{U}}The whole point of marriage is that it imposes clear obligations, not just the right to pursue your own happiness, the main part of which is to provide both emotional and practical nurture for children.{{/U}} Children demand sacrifice and altruism, a long-term investment of parental time and money. Of course, the highest reward that parents expect is to see their children develop and become useful talents for the society.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleondeficiencyofresearchabilityamongthepostgraduatestudents.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)interpretthemeaningofthepicture,2)pointoutthecauses,and3)giveyoursuggestions.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Write your letter neatly with no less than 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the letter. You do not need to write the address.

问答题1. Testing students by examinations has always been regarded as the only reliable method to measure students' level.2. Teachers always rely on the results of examinations.3. Whether this method is fair or not to the students needs to be studied further.4. However, it is not easy to abolish examinations and it is even more difficult to improve them.

问答题1)interpretthefollowinggraph.2)possiblereasonsforthephenomenon.3)yourcomments.C.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleondeficiencyofresearchabilityamongthepostgraduatestudents.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)interpretthemeaningofthepicture,2)pointoutthecauses,and3)giveyoursuggestions.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentoniLYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions :Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. (46) {{U}}Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society.{{/U}} The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist(维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any" reason". (47) I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time. let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. (48) {{U}}This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature ; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.{{/U}} (49){{U}}However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer.{{/U}} If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. (50){{U}} Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it ; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.{{/U}} But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

问答题 Winston Churchill, who fought on the Afghan border in 1897. warned of the dangers of peacekeeping among the Pathans, and of mixing politics and war (46){{U}} "Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation enjoins a temporary pause, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. {{/U}}Every large house is a real feudal fort...with battlements, turrets [and] drawbridges` Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its hate; every clan. its feud. "The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid...(47){{U}}The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water are fertile en0ught9 yield with little labour the material requirements of a small population.{{/U}} "Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the breech-loading rifle and the British government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second a continuous trouble. The convenience of the breech-loading, and still more of the magazine rifle, was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. (48){{U}} A weapon which would kill with accuracy au fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new scene of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it.{{/U}} One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at one's neighbour nearly a mile away... "The action of the British government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organising, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a' monstrous spoil-sport. "No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come. had a fight and then gone away again...But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys...All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another. and, above all, not m shoot at travellers along the road. (49){{U}}It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.{{/U}} "The Political Officers who accompanied the force...were very unpopular with the army officers... (50){{U}}They were accused of the severe crime of 'shilly-shallying', which being interpreted means doing everything you possibly can before you shoot. {{/U}}We had with us a very brilliant political officer...who was much disliked because he always stopped military operations. Just when we were looking forward to having a splendid fight and all-the guns were loaded and everyone keyed up, [he] would come along and put a stop to it."