问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethecartoon,2)deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to a travel agency, asking about the detailed information about a package tour. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions： Write a letter to the Office of Property Management of your community,to give your advice on how to improve community security． Write your letter with no less than 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2． Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use"Li Ming"instead． Do not write the address．

问答题1) when and where to meet; 2) what to bring; 3) why they have to tell you in advance whether they will come. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. (10 points)

问答题Directions: Suppose you have messed things up when invited by your friend Frank to an American student party. Write a letter of apology to 1) appreciate for this opportunity, 2) state the detail for why you apologize, and 3) provide the possible way to make up. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

问答题 As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by- product of their machines--namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinions are demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it. 46){{U}} To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy) a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.{{/U}} Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? 47){{U}} You find that with any existing simple "noise-meter", vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.{{/U}} Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on the way to the ear. 48){{U}} Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement{{/U}}. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously through residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. 49) {{U}}And if a nation is to take part in modern air trans port, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports-and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars{{/U}}. Jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. 50){{U}} One estimate is that ＄5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices; however,, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values{{/U}}. Some combination of methods is probably necessary.

问答题It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. 46． If the canon-the list of authors whose works are most widely taught-is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are bereft of crucial tools for revising the canon. 47．To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. 48．To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. 49．First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day; thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith's play The Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. 50．In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon. The range of Griffith's work meant that each student could become the world's leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith's Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A wife in the Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid, serve to vaccinate the student-I hope for a lifetime-against credulous use of reference sources.

问答题Directions : You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and: 1) ask for a new room next term, 2) you would prefer a single room, 3) explain your reasons. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write the address.

问答题 By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects. There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. (47) It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. (48) Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. (49) But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency. The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves. The latent causes of faction are thus shown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is supplied by the republican principle, which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote…When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular government, on the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens. (50) To secure the public good and private rights, against the danger of such a faction, and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government, is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…

问答题In the two decades between 1929 and 1949, sculpture in the United States sustained what was probably the greatest expansion in sheer technique to occur in many centuries. There was, first of all, the incorporation of welding into sculptural practice, with the result that it was possible to form a new kind of metal object. 6 For sculptors working with metal earlier restricted to the dense solidity of the bronze cast, it was possible to add a type of work assembled from paper-thin metal sheets or sinuously curved rods. Sculpture could take the form of a linear, two-dimensional frame and still remain physically self-supporting. Along with the innovation of welding came a correlative departure: freestanding sculpture that was shockingly flat. Yet another technical expansion of the options for sculpture appeared in the guise of motion. 7 The individual parts of a sculpture were no longer understood as necessarily fixed in relation to one another, but could be made to change position within a work constructed as a moving object; motorizing the sculpture was only one of many possibilities taken up in the 1930"s. Other strategies for getting the work to move involved structuring it in such a way that external forces, like air movements or the touch of a viewer could initiate motion. 8 Movement brought with it a new attitude towards the issue of sculptural unity: a work might be made of widely diverse and even discordant elements: their formal unity would be achieved through the arc of a particular motion completing itself through time. Like the use of welding and movement, the third of these major technical expansions to develop in the 1930"s and 1940"s addressed the issues of sculptural materials and sculptural unity. 9 But its medium for doing so was the found object and item not intended for use in a piece of artwork, such as a newspaper or metal pipe. To create a sculpture by assembling parts that had been fabricated originally for a quite different context did not necessarily involve a new technology. 10 But it did mean a change in sculptural practice, for it raised the possibility that making sculpture might involve more a conceptual shift than a physical transformation of the material from which it is composed.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} A professor from Australia will deliver a lecture on Australian society and culture, and you are asked to write a notice on behalf of the Students' Union. Your notice should include: (1) brief introduction of the lecturer; (2) outline of the lecture; (3) time and place.