问答题"I"ve never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. "It"s a stupid endeavor." 11 That"s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man"s best friend—dog is one of the mysteries of modern science. Westhusin"s experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. 12 In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy"s DNA. 13 The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you"re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous," he says. Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin"s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy"s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He"s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy"s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. 14 In a statement of purpose, Missy"s owners and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy." The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin"s work. 15 He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. "Why would you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when we"re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?"

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythegraphbelowcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.B.Youressayshouldcovertheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)interpretthegraph;(2)givethepossiblecausesforthechange;(3)yourcomments.

问答题Directions: You have promised to go to the cinema with one of your friends, Susan, For some reasons, you can't keep the appointment, but she has already bought the tickets. Write a letter to · express your apology, · explain your reasons, · suggest a meeting at another time. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:A. Study the following account of a personal experience carefully and write an essay in noless than 200 words.B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1) Elaborate your impressions on the story told. 2) And point out its implications in our life. One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people--the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. I believe that in life--as well as on boat trips-teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life....

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are a college student in the English Department. Recently you have been made monitor in your class and you are going to make a speech in front of your classmates. You'll make preparations for the speech in which you should 1) express your pleasure, 2) state briefly your moves, 3) and give complimentary remarks. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of 160—200 words on "Do minors have aright to privacy?" . You should state two opposite views on the issue. At the end of your essay you are required to give your own opinion. You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthephenomenonreflectedbyit,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move. The smart car of the furore will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn, change lanes, speed up, slow down or pass another car. If the driver"s intended action could lead to an accident, the car will activate a warning system or override the move. 1 "By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver"s behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people"s needs," New Scientist magazine said. Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan. 2 Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a drivels move 12 seconds in advance. 3 The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of subactions which include preparatory moves. It monitors the driver"s behavior patterns to predict the next move. "To make its predictions, Nissan"s smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel, accelerator and brake to monitor a person"s driving patterns. 4 A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments," the magazine said. Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior. 5 He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.

问答题The steadily growing number of single-person households in Britain has raised plenty of troubling issues—how to build enough dwellings to accommodate them, what to do about the decline in traditional family cohesion—to keep planners and sociologists busy. But one as yet unstudied side- effect of this social trend appears to be an explosion in the cat population. The Pet Food Manufacturers' Association reckons that the number of dogs has declined from a peak of 7.4 million in 1990 to 6.5 million now. (47)Meanwhile the domestic cat population has risen steadily, overtaking dog numbers in 1993 to stand now at about 8 million, twice as many as there were in 1965. Changing life-styles, more than anything else, are responsible for this. (48)More single-person households and more married women at work means that fewer households are able to give a dog the walks and other attention it needs. Cats, on the other hand, apart from daily feeding, can be left pretty much to their own devices. Which also means that they sometimes wander off in search of a better place to stay if the mood takes them. This causes another problem: feral eats. (49)As cats are harder to round up than dogs, and breed prolifically—a pair can produce ten offspring a year—large colonies of 80 or so cats hiding out in disused buildings are increasingly common. While the Royal Society for the Protection of Animals and the Cat Protection League re-house about 125,000 lost or unwanted cats a year, the League guesses that there may be about 1.2m wild cats in Britain. (50)If they are not a nuisance the animal charities neuter the ones they can catch and then leave them alone. Animal-lovers are pleased. Bird-lovers are not. They blame cats for the sharp decline in the number of small birds in Britain. The League, however, has an. idea for making wild cats socially useful. It tries to persuade farmers and garden centres to take them on as environmentally-friendly rat- catchers. A bunch of neutered, wild cats could well be an efficient way of controlling a potentially plague of rats and mice.

问答题Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing;2)interpretitsmeaning;3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout160-200words.

问答题One stereotype of wisdom is a wizened Zen-master smiling benevolently at the antics of his pupils, while referring to them as little grasshoppers or some such affectation, safe in the knowledge that one day they, too, will have been set on the path that leads to wizened masterhood. But is it true that age brings wisdom? A study two years ago in North America, by Igor Grossmann of the University of Waterloo, in Canada, suggested that it is. 11 In as much as it is possible to quantify wisdom, Dr. Grossmann found that elderly Americans had more of it than youngsters. He has, however, now extended his investigation to Asia—the land of the wizened Zen-master-and, in particular, to Japan. There, he found, in contrast to the West, that the grasshoppers are their masters" equals almost from the beginning. Dr. Grossmann"s study, just published in Psychological Science, recruited 186 Japanese from various walks of life and compared them with 225 Americans. Participants were asked to read a series of pretend newspaper articles. 12 Half described conflict between groups, such as a debate between residents of an impoverished Pacific island over whether to allow foreign oil companies to operate there following the discovery of petroleum. (Those in favor viewed it as an opportunity to get rich; those against feared the disruption of ancient ways and potential ecological damage.) 13 The other half took the form of advice columns that dealt with conflicts between individuals: siblings, friends and spouses. After reading each article, participants were asked "What do you think will happen after that?" and "Why do you think it will happen this way?" Their responses were recorded and transcribed. 14 Dr. Grossmann and his colleagues removed age-related information from the transcripts, and also any clues to participants" nationalities, and then passed the edited versions to a group of assessors. These assessors were trained to rate transcribed responses consistently, and had been tested to show that their ratings were statistically comparable with one another. 15 The upshot was that, as Dr. Grossmann had found before, Americans do get wiser with age. Their intergroup wisdom score averaged 45 at the age of 25 and 55 at 75. Their interpersonal score similarly climbed from 46 to 50. Japanese scores, by contrast, hardly varied with age. Both 25-year-olds and 75-year-olds had an average intergroup wisdom of 51. For interpersonal wisdom, it was 53 and 32.

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Now, don't get me wrong-I know it's not my place to tell women when they can and can't have children and how many they can have. I can testify that it's hard to be childless at 36． 46． {{U}}People ask you all the time if you're going to start a family-as if you didn't already know that your biological clock was winding down. {{/U}}What's worse, they begin lecturing you on fertility options as if to say, "Since it's clear that you can't catch a partner, you'd better do this on your own. " I can't imagine what that feels like when you're 66． It must be very painful. And trust me, I'm equally aghast when men have children in their 70s and 80s ( Saul Bellow was 84 when his fifth child was born). 47．{{U}}I'm just saying that sometimes for the sake of the children-to-be, we may have to put away our longings and grieve for the children we might have had rather than go to the ends of the earth to get them.{{/U}} The death of a parent can cause young children to suffer disproportionately from depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and drug abuse in their later years, according to studies published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and The American Journal of Psychiatry. I think parents should take that into account when they're planning a family. And yes, I know I could drop dead tomorrow; life gives no one guarantees. After Bousada de Lara died, Sarah Vine wrote a commentary for The Times of London, which concluded, "No one thinks more carefully about having a child than the person who, through misfortune, or trauma or simply because they happen to appreciate the work of Judy Garland, cannot do so by natural means. " That may be true, it certainly feels true, but we have to think about the children, not just having them. As it is, I worry that I'm too old to raise a kid. I squandered too much of my energy partying in my 20s. I should have had children when I didn't need sleep and had a much more cavalier attitude about my career. Of course, when I was in my 20s, I had very little patience and even less serf-control, so maybe that time wouldn't have been any better. There's never a perfect time for a kid, and I respect that. But just as we worry about teenagers having children, I also worry about kids born to elderly parents. Are they being shortchanged? Won't they miss having grandparents to spoil them? Maybe not-there are millions of ways for children to be happy. They don't have to be part of a traditional nuclear family. Nor does there need to be a mommy and a daddy ; they can have a couple of mommies or just a daddy. 48．{{U}}Just somebody or somebodies to give them a sense of permanent attachment and security- someone to count on when you skin your knee or experience your first heartbreak or do badly on an exam, someone to throw your graduation cap to. {{/U}}Even on the cusp of 40, I speak to my parents almost every day, and I'm as dependent on their help as I ever was. 49．{{U}}There are probably some of you reading this now who think I'm too old to raise a baby into adulthood. But, I do have actuarial tables on my side.{{/U}} I have a hunch that cases like that of Bousada de Lara and, of course, Octomom, are going to force fertility clinics to establish more rules about who can use their services and under what circumstances. Just as public outrage brought a uniform set of requirements for people to adopt or contract a surrogate mother, there is already a push to further regulate fertility clinics. 50．{{U}}Like it or not, once we turn to others to facilitate the conception of our families, we become subject to their morals and ethics as well.., and maybe that's not always a bad thing.{{/U}}

问答题The clue lies in the Japanese name that has been adopted for them around the world: tsunami. (46) Formed from the characters for harbour and wave, and commemorated in the 19th-century woodblock print by Hokusai that decorates so many books and articles about the subject, the word shows that these sudden, devastating waves have mainly in the past occurred in the Pacific Ocean, ringed as it is by volcanoes and earthquake zones. Thanks to one tsunami in 1946 that killed 165 people, mainly in Hawaii, the countries around the Pacific have shared a tsunami warning centre ever since. (47) Those around the Indian Ocean have no such centre, being lucky enough not to have suffered many big tsunamis before and unlucky enough not to count the world' s two biggest and most technologically advanced economies, the United States and Japan, among their number. So when, on December 26th, the world's strongest earthquake in 40 years shook the region, with its epicenter under the sea near the northernmost tip of the Indonesian archipelago, there was no established mechanism to pass warnings to the countries around the ocean's shores. There would have been between 90 and 150 minutes in which to broadcasts warnings by radio, television and loudspeaker in the areas most affected, the Indonesian province of Aceh, Sri Lanka and the Indian chain of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. (48) Had such warnings been broadcast then many of the tens of thousands of lives lost would have been saved. (49) How many, nobody can know, for the task of evacuation would have been far from easy in many of these crowded, poor and low-lying coastal communities. Equally, though, it will probably never be known exactly how many people have died. (50) Whereas in many disasters the initial estimates of fatalities prove too high, the opposite is occurring in this case.

问答题{{B}}Directions.{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.