问答题Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need for achievement". But now they believe it is the "need for power". Power seekers strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise authority over large numbers of people. (46) Individual performers who lack this drive are not likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it most. (47) One of the least rational acts of business organizations is that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. (48) It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent with their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective. (49) What managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by their positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50) But when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary.

问答题In reading the pages of American Scientist, I have been struck by the stunning progress being made in science and engineering, new phenomena discovered, new materials synthesized, new methods developed. (46) What I see behind many of these exciting stories is the widespread and even revolutionary use of distributed intelligence that is made possible by the "wiring" of the scientific community. It is more than a time saver or a communication enhance; it is enabling us to think in new ways and its impact on society may be monumental. The term "information age" probably does not do justice to the possibilities of this emerging era. (47) This is an age of "knowledge and distributed intelligence", in which knowledge is available to anyone, located anywhere, at any time; and in which power, information, and control are moving from centralized systems to individuals. This era calls for a new form of leadership and vision from the academic science and engineering community. We know from countless examples that the academic science and the engineering have enabled our society to make the most of new technologies. We wouldn't have today's advanced computer graphics systems if mathematicians hadn't been able to solve problems related to surface geometry. (48) We wouldn't have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and astronomers hadn't continuously forged tools to look more deeply into subatomic structures and the cosmos. Chemists' efforts to simulate complex phenomena and predict the properties of many electron systems have inspired massively parallel architectures for computing. And the information made available by the sequencing of the human genome has caused us to rethink how to store, manipulate, and retrieve data most effectively. (49) It will take new insights from studies of human cognition, linguistics, neurobiology, computing, and more to develop systems that truly augment our capacity to learn and create. The best may be yet to come. Despite brutally tight constraints on federal discretionary spending, President Clinton has stepped forward to champion a 3 percent increase (uncorrected for inflation) in the national 1998 budget. The president's request is only the first step in the congressional budget process ahead. (50) Given that the priorities of Congress will almost certainly differ from those of the president, it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from the research community to ensure the investments in science and engineering.

问答题Directions: Several days ago, you and your family went to a hotel to have a dinner. There you were not satisfied with its service and the quality of the dinner. Back home, you and your daddy had loose bowels. Write a letter to the manager to make a complaint and hope to solve the problem as soon as possible. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions： You are supposed to write for the undergraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for the local history museum. You should conclude the basic qualification of application and the other information you think relative. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Undergraduate Association" instead.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingphoto.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethephotobriefly,2)illustratethegoodofvolunteerworkwith(a)specificexample(s),and3)makeyoursuggestion(s)tofindvolunteerwork.YoushouldwriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: You are required to write an essay on the topic Which Mode of Travel Do You Like? You should write no less than 200 words and base your essay on the outline and charts below: 1. There are two modes of travel. 2. Compare two modes of travel in terms of 1) the attraction of package travel. 2) the attraction of traveling on one's own. 3) the disadvantage of both 3. Your preference. 以下是某旅行社的宣传资料： 费用 千岛湖、黄山三日游 个人旅游单价(元) 团体价(加导游)(元) 折扣 来回车费 500 300 40% 公园标价价 （15个景点） 400 300 25% 伙食(平均价) 300 150 50% 宾馆住宿 300 150 50% 总价 1500 900 40%

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethecartoon,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Jordan is one of your business partners. Recently he was promoted to be the General Manager of ECC Company. Write a letter to 1) congratulate him on his promotion and 2) express your wish to cooperate with him. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions.{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160-200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpicture,2)analyzepossiblereasonsforthissituation,and3)suggestcounter-measures.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Firstdescribethepicture,interpretitsmeaningand2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: You bought a MP3 at an eshop. When it was delivered to you, you found it was of poor quality and disaccorded with the ads they published. Writer a letter to the principle of relevant department to: 1) Describe the detailed information about the MP3; 2) Suggest your solution(s) You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Outline:1. Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is my professor of philosophy.2. First of all, I was impressed by his devotion.3. Second, I admired the fact that he would confer with students outside the classroom andeasily make friends with them.4. Finally, I was attracted by his lively wit.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. In a quiet courtroom tucked away in a federal building here, a titanic battle is competing free speech against government efforts to protect children from the seemingly limitless pages of pornography in cyberspace. Titled simply enough, the American Library Association vs. the United States of American, the trial will determine the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). (46) {{U}}Passed by Congress in December 2000, the law requires all libraries that receive federal technology funds to install "protection measures" on all computers that have access to the Internet{{/U}}. In other words, they must have blocking software to prevent youngsters from accidentally, or even intentionally, getting a peek at the multitude of hard-core sites available with just a few well-placed clicks on a computer terminal. To free-speech advocates from librarians to the American Civil Liberties Union, it's a well-intentioned but dangerous assault on America's First Amendment freedoms. (47) {{U}}They argue that even the best blocking software is so flawed that it would also limit adult access to a wide array of constitutionally protected speech{{/U}}. "It's very easy to suggest that we all believe in the First Amendment, we just want to keep our kids safe," says John Berry, president of the American Library Association in Chicago. (48) {{U}}"But as soon as you start making those kinds of concessions, you began to undermine one of our founding principles, and you can't sacrifice those kinds of things for a little temporary security{{/U}}." Supporters of the Internet-filtering law argue that the First Amendment has nothing to do with CIPA because it's nothing more than a funding bill. If libraries have objections, they simply don't have to accept the federal funds upon which the blocking software's use is conditioned. There's the whole issue of the blocking software itself: Does it work or not? (49){{U}} One study of more than 7,000 websites that had been blocked by the various software companies found that between 65 and 70 percent of the sites were "deemed to have potential value" to a library user. As to worries about overblocking, the law's supporters note the law allows adults to ask a librarian to turn off the blocking software{{/U}}. (50) {{U}}But the librarians argue that the mandatory filter does take discretion away from librarians and their communities, which pay for about 80 percent of the average library's budget, and gives it to the federal government{{/U}}. After this three-judge panel rules, one side or the other is expected to file an appeal, and that will go directly to the Supreme Court.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题1)describethecartoonandthemessageconveyed,and2)drawaconclusionandgiveyourcommentonthecartoon.

问答题 Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (46) {{U}}At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof{{/U}}. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (47) {{U}}This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces{{/U}}. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (48) {{U}}The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation, which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there has been relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home{{/U}}. (49) {{U}}We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working is used for activities at and around home{{/U}}. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the front door. (50) {{U}}The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect{{/U}}. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the front door is shut.