问答题While most studies look at inequality of outcomes among adults and help us understand how America is coming apart, Putnam"s group looked at inequality of opportunities among children. They help us understand what the country will look like in the decades ahead. The quick answer? More divided than ever. 1 Putnam"s data verifies what many of us have seen anecdotally, that the children of the more affluent and less affluent are raised in apparently different ways and have different opportunities. Decades ago, college-graduate parents and high-school-graduate parents invested similarly in their children. Recently, more affluent parents have invested much more in their children"s futures while less affluent parents have not. They"ve invested more time. Over the past decades, college-educated parents have quadrupled the amount of time they spend reading "Goodnight Moon," talking to their kids about their day and cheering them on from the sidelines. High-school-educated parents have increased child-care time, but only slightly. Affluent parents also invest more money in their children. 2 Over the last 40 years upper-income parents have increased the amount they spend on their kids" enrichment activities by $ 5,300 a year, while the financially stressed lower classes by only $ 480, adjusted for inflation. As a result, behavior gaps are opening up. In 1972, kids from the bottom quartile of earners participated in roughly the same number of activities as kids from the top quartile. Today, it"s a chasm. Richer kids are roughly twice as likely to play after-school sports. It"s not only that richer kids have become more active. Poorer kids have become more pessimistic and detached. 3 Social trust has fallen among all income groups, but, between 1975 and 1995, it plummeted among the poorest third of young Americans and has remained low ever since. As Putnam writes in notes prepared for the Aspen Ideas Festival: 4 "It"s perfectly understandable that kids from working-class backgrounds have become cynical and even suspicious, for virtually all our major social institutions have failed them—family, friends, church, school and community." As a result, poorer kids are less likely to participate in voluntary service work that might give them a sense of purpose and responsibility. Their test scores are lagging. Their opportunities are more limited. Equal opportunity, once core to the nation"s identity, is now a tertiary concern. 5 If America really wants to change that, if the country wants to take advantage of all its human capital rather than just the most privileged two-thirds of it, then people are going to have to make some pretty uncomfortable decisions.

问答题Directions: One of your friends Wang Tao is going to pursue his M.A. studies at Princeton University. He will arrive there one month before registration. Write a letter to your friend Mark Green at that university to 1) introduce Wang Tao, 2) ask him to help Wang Tao get familiar with the university and rent an apartment there. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayofabout200wordstothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write a letter to your cousin, who is going to take the college entrance examination and feels stressed, giving her some suggestions. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.{{/I}}

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethedrawingandinterpretitsmeaning,2.Andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin160-200wordsB.Youressayshouldcoverthesetwopoints:1)problemsariseoutoftheincreaseoftheprivatecars,2)giveyourcounter-measure.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Deducewhatisintendedinthepicture,2.Andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.(20points)

问答题One of your best friends, Mary, moved to another city a few days ago. Write a keep-in- touch letter to her, telling her you missed her, asking how she is going on, and introducing the latest information about yourself. Write no less than 100 words. You don't need to write the address, Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Monica instead.

问答题 (1) "I don't know any successful women who haven't had a powerful sponsor in their organization to give them their first big break," says Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, the boss of 20-first, a consultancy that helps companies put more women into senior jobs. That sentiment is echoed by many people who work in this field. But why do women need so much help? Many men who climb the corporate ladder have sponsors, too. Indeed, they find it easier than women to persuade a senior colleague to sponsor them. But women need help more because they are generally more reluctant to promote themselves. They are also less likely to build up useful networks of contacts. (2) That may help to explain why women, although they now enter white-collar jobs in much the same numbers as men in many countries, still find it so hard to get anywhere near the executive suite. A new report, "Sponsor Effect: UK", produced by the Centre for Talent Innovation (CTI), a New York think-tank, offers a detailed picture of the female talent pipeline in Britain, based on a survey of about 2,500 graduate employees, mostly of large companies. (3) It notes that although women in Britain account for 57% of new recruits to white-collar jobs, they make up just 17% of executive directors and a mere 4% of chief executives of the FTSE's 100 biggest companies. It is not that the women lack ambition, says the report. No less than 79% of senior women in the sample said they aspired to a top job and 91% were keen to be promoted. (4) Nor, say the authors, are they necessarily held back by family responsibilities: nearly two in five of those aged 40 or over had no children. Three in five of the over-40s did have children, and talented women who quit work to raise kids are not included in the sample. Still, the survey's main finding is striking. (5) Only 16% of the sample had sponsors, defined as people several levels above them who give them career advice, introduce them to contacts and help them get promotions. Having a sponsor dramatically improves a woman's career prospects.

问答题1. your heartiest congratulation;2. recall of your friendship;3. best wishes.you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Liu Yu" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,2)andgiveyourcomments.

问答题Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (46) In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some "stuff" of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes. (47) The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static _object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle's mass. (48) This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac's theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction. (49) These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac's theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times. The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above. (50) Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts. And the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information:{{/I}} A. Title: Aged People Tend to Live Alone B. Word limit: 160-200 words C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should end the first paragraph with the given sentence: Why do aged people tend to live alone? Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{B}} Outline:{{/B}} 1) Present situation 2) Possible reasons 3) Your comment

问答题Directions: Write a letter to apply for a full scholarship of your foreign university. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Your friend Anne complained to you in an email about being overcharged by a taxi driver when she arrived in your city two days ago. Write to tell her what to do. Do not sign your own name. Sign "Zheng Min" instead.

问答题Directions:Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explaintheintendedmeaning,giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.挑战如同大风，可能是阻力，但是对于风车便是动力。

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethefollowingdrawing,interpretitsmeaning,and2)Giveyourcomments.