问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)analyzethepurposeofthepainterand3)stateyourposition.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题Noise You are to write in three paragraphs according to the topic sentences of each paragraph given below. 1. Noise is becoming more and more dangerous. 2. The noises can be very harmful. 3. Drastic action must be taken if we are to reduce noise. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. These days, house price vertigo is more than a local or national condition. It's a worldwide phenomenon. (46){{U}}The American housing boom in recent years is nothing compared with the price run- up in countries like France, Spain, Britain, Ireland, Sweden and Australia, even though markets in Australia and Britain have cooled in the last year.{{/U}} Million-dollar two-bedroom apartments are not only a fixture of New York, but of London, Paris and Hong Kong. In New Zealand, housing prices rose by more than 16 percent from 2003 to 2004. In Ireland, they rose more than 10 percent in that period. The rise in prices is worrisome, because the international housing boom is a byproduct of globalization. A house on a plot of ground is the most local of assets. (47){{U}}But the financial markets that make it possible for people to borrow money to buy a house, or speculate, are increasingly open, international and linked.{{/U}} Interest rate policies in the industrialized world tend to move in lockstep, usually led by the United States. t growing community of affluent professionals around the world now buy second homes and invest in housing abroad. (48){{U}}The economic links act as a self-reinforcing network that has fueled the global surge in house prices but would also likely magnify the pain on the way down.{{/U}} The ripples would extend well beyond the housing markets. A fall in American house prices, for example, would crimp consumer spending--and free-spending Americans have supported growth in many export-minded nations, notably China. (49) {{U}}"The real concern is that the housing boom extends across so many countries this time," said Susan M. Wachter, a professor of real estate at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. "That just raises the stakes, and the risk, when the music stops. "{{/U}} The global surge in house prices is a boom by design, largely manufactured by the world's central banks, led by the Federal Reserve. And it was done for good reason..(50){{U}}Faced with a falling stock market and the collapse of the high-tech bubble, the Fed cut interest rates sharply in 2000 to try to limit the damage to the American economy and its trading partners.{{/U}} Other central banks, like the European Central Bank, quickly followed the Fed's lead. Higher government spending and tax cuts were also part of the formula. Cheap credit worldwide fueled the housing market, making mortgage payments less costly. Homeowners refinanced their mortgages at lower rates, and the savings went into consumer spending. They took out home-equity loans on houses of rising value, and spent that borrowed money on cars, clothes, furniture, restaurant meals and vacations. The higher consumer spending and the soaring value of the home nest-egg have kept the global economy chugging along.

问答题Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm the United States. (46) {{U}}Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment.{{/U}} The lack of importance attached to human-resource management call be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief officer is almost always second in command. (47) {{U}}The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).{{/U}} By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy.(48) {{U}}While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms.{{/U}}The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.(49) {{U}}If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those is lower in Germany than it is the United States.{{/U}} (50){{U}} More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.{{/U}} The result is slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}"Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk, with poles being clear enough but the middle tending to blur.{{/U}} The Hollywood Western of the 1930's, for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. (47) {{U}}This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre.{{/U}} As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. (48){{U}}Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unrestrained by class—is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity of the leaders of the civilians.{{/U}} Verdi transforms this naive and unlike formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself. Or consider Verdi's treatment of character. (49) {{U}}Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional state.{{/U}} Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer's vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi's characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is achieved through the music: (50) {{U}}once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or allow alterations or substitutions of somebody else's arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done.{{/U}} When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.

问答题Directions: You are a postgraduate student and are going to graduate with a master degree in computer science soon. You find from Beijing Youth Daily that there is a vacancy for engineer. Write a letter of application based on the following outline: 1) introduction about yourself; 2) your education and work experience that qualify you for the job; 3) other necessary information. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Dong" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题 1 The climatic phenomenon that is being blamed for floods, hurricanes and early snowstorms also deserves credit for encouraging plant growth and helping to control the pollutant linked to global warming, a new study shows. El Nino—the periodic warming of eastern Pacific Ocean waters—causes a burst of plant growth throughout the world, and this removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, researchers have found. 2 The new study shows that natural weather events, such as the brief warming caused by El Nino, have a much more dramatic effect than previously believed on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and how much of the gas is expelled by the soil. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, or CO 2 , has been increasing steadily for decades. This is thought to be caused by an expanded use of fossil fuels and by toppling of tropical forests. Scientists have linked the CO 2 rise to global warming, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. 3 Alarmed, nations of the world now are drawing up new conservation policies to reduce fossil fuel burning, in hopes of reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. But David Schimel of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a co-author of the new study, says that before determining how much to reduce fossil fuel burning we should consider the effects of natural climate variations on the ability of plants to absorb CO 2 . Schimel said satellite measurements of CO 2 , plant growth and temperature show that natural warming events such as El Nino at first cause more CO 2 to be released into the atmosphere, probably as the result of accelerated decay of dead plant matter in the soil. But later, within two years, there is an explosion of growth in forests and grasslands, which means plants suck more carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. "We think that there is a delayed response in vegetation and soil to the warming effects of such phenomena as El Nino, and this leads to increased plant growth," said Schimel. 4 However, he said, it is not clear whether the warming by El Nino causes a net decrease in the buildup of CO2 over the long haul. "We don"t really know that yet, "said Schimel. What the study does show, however, is that the rise and fall of CO 2 in the atmosphere is strongly influenced by natural changes in global temperature, said B.H. Braswell of the University of New Hampshire, another co-author of the study. Braswell said that in years when the global weather is cooler than normal, there is a decrease in both the decay of dead plants and in new plant growth. This causes an effect that is the opposite of El Nino warming: CO 2 atmosphere levels first decline and later increase. 5 "I think we have demonstrated that the ecosystem has a lot more to do with climate change than was previously believed, " said Braswell, "Focusing on the role of human activity in climate change is important, but manmade factors are not the only factors."

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Carbon dioxide is a "greenhouse" gas, which means that it helps to trap heat in the atmosphere, (46){{U}}More carbon dioxide on the face of it means a hotter earth and that might lead to heaving seas, scorching summers, dying forests, and a watery end to the world' s coastal cities.{{/U}} But carbon dioxide is also an inevitable by-product of burning the fuels—coal, off and natural gas--that make an industrial way of life possible. The results of cutting its production could therefore be profound. People in rich countries might have to change their comfortable existence in order to consume less energy. (47){{U}}Those in countries trying to become rich might see their own aspirations to such comforts confounded. {{/U}}or at least delayed. It is therefore important to ask exactly how real the threat of global warming is, just what sort of climate change it implies, how imminently that change can be expected, and what the cheapest way to deal with any adverse consequences it brings would actually be. (48) {{U}}That the greenhouse effect exists is not a matter of dispute.{{/U}} Joseph Fourier. a French physicist, theorized as far back as 1827 that the earth' s atmosphere acts rather like the glass of a plant-breeder' s hothouse: in other words, the air lets in the sun' s heat while slowing its release back into space. (49){{U}}Without this effect, the earth would be some 30'C colder than it is, and life would scarcely exist.{{/U}} The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been rising for more than a century, as the use of fossil fuels has become widespread. And human activity also puts other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Though released in smaller quantities, some of these are more potent in their warmth-inducing effects than carbon dioxide. All told, manmade emissions account for slightly less than 4% of all greenhouse gases. That may not sound a lot, but this 4% is reckoned to have enhanced the earth' s average temperature by between 0.3℃ and 0.6℃ over the past years. And in matters climatic, small changes can sometimes have large consequences. (50){{U}}The glaciers that rumbled over Europe and North America during the last ice age, for example, were triggered by a fall of 2℃ in the average summer temperature around 115,000 years ago.{{/U}}

问答题You should write 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write your address.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to invite students to participate in a book donation activity organized by Students" Union. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethecartoon,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题The energy contained in rock within the earth's crust (地壳) represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/or steam recovery systems. These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near the surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems. As a result of the recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDE recovery systems—which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust—are being developed. (46) In all attempts to retrieve energy from HED's reservoir artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability (渗透性) or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock. (47) The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100℃ may be useful for space heating; however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200℃ are desirable. The geothermal gradient, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal (地热的) resources. (48) Temperature gradient (梯度) maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable (可开发的) high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States. (There are many areas, however for which no temperature gradient records exist.) Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large. (49) If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U's of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percept is recoverable, we find a total that is comparable to the estimated resource base of all the coal remaining in the United States. (50) The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are writing your first letter to a 'pen pal'. Describe your previous studies and work experience, your current activities, hobbies and interests. Tell your pen pal that you will be visiting his/her country during the summer vacation and suggest meeting him/her. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.