问答题Directions: Because of the coming heavy rain, the racing competition of your college can't be held at the open- air playground. Write a notice, informing the audience of the changed place and time arrangement. You should write about 100 words the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "The Sports Office" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions： You've received a wedding invitation from your best friend Jessie just now, but unfortunately you have something else to do that day and could not attend it. Please write a reply letter, telling her your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (46) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (47) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (48) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation, which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there has been relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (49) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the front door. (50) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the front door is shut.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题1) the purpose of the contest, 2) time and place of the contest, 3) what is required of the candidates, 4) details of the awards. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Department of English" at the end of the announcement. ( 10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The Students Union of your university is planning to star a campaign to fight against the appalling waste on the campus. You are expected to write a letter of proposal on behalf of the Students Union calling on all students to take part in this campaign. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "The Students Union" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

问答题The 1960s saw the great civil rights movement whose goals were to end segregation (种族隔离) laws completely and fight for the equal rights for the colored people. Many American blacks began to have a new mood. They declared that "black is beautiful", and the black community showed signs of unprecedented self-confidence. (46) Equally important, many black leaders began to disclaim full integration into the American mainstream as the goal of the black minority. (47) Instead, they argued, blacks ought to coexist with other groups in a plural society containing different and distinctive communities living in mutual respect. The elimination of legal barriers to advancement has been a major gain for the blacks, but institutionalized discrimination is still rife. Housing, in particular, remains highly segregated: the great majority of blacks continue to live in neighborhoods that are overwhelmingly black, and most whites live in neighborhoods that are overwhelmingly white. (48) Busing and other programs aimed at integrating the schools have had some impact in innercity areas but have made virtually no difference to the segregation that exists between the predominantly black urban centers and the predominantly white suburbs and small towns that surround them. Median family income of blacks rose from $3,230 in 1960 to $10,142 in 1977, but the median income of white families rose at least as fast, and the income gap between the two groups has widened in recent years. (49) A major source of this differential is the fact that blacks tend to be barred from positions of authority over other workers, and are restricted instead to lower-paying jobs further down the work-place hierarchy. This factor alone accounts for about a third of the total black-white income gap. (50) Race relations between black and white still leave much to be desired, although there is unmistakable evidence of some improvements in attitudes. However, there is a sharp divergence between the races on the question of how much progress has been made in ending discrimination. The majority of whites believe that there has been a lot of progress in getting rid of discrimination, but more than half of the blacks felt that there has not been much real change. Only less than 20% of the whites believe that many blacks miss out on jobs and promotion in their city because of discrimination. Many blacks are still pessimistic about progress in race relations.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethephotosbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 46){{U}}A favourite prediction of environmentalism has bitten the dust—too many natural resources, rather than too few, are the cause of an increasing number of wars in the 21st century.{{/U}} 47){{U}}Many greens had predicted that the new century would see a rash of wars in countries where natural resources such as timber, water, minerals and fertile mils am running out.{{/U}} But far from it, says the 2002 State of the World report from the prestigious Washington-based think-tank, the Worldwatch Institute. In fact, says the report's co-author Michael Rennet, there are "numerous places in the developing world where abundant natural resources help fuel conflicts." More than a quarter of current conflicts are either being fought over, or are funded by, some lucrative natural resource. Examples cited by the Worldwatch Institute include: ·Diamond mines in Sierra Lame and Angola malting the two African nations ripe for plunder by warlords ·Profits from sapphires, rubies and timber arming the Khmer Rouge in their interminable jungle war in Cambodia ·Guerillas using the threat of sabotage to extort hundreds of millions of dollars from oil companies prospecting in Colombia ·Opium funding 20 years of war in Afghanistan ·The Congo's continuing civil war subsisting on the proceeds of elephant tusks and coltan, a vital mineral in the manufacture of mobile phones With the end of the cold war, superpowers no longer fund civil wars for their own geopolitical ends, says Rennet. Their place has been taken by the market—in the form of the plunder and sale of natural resources. 48){{U}}"Nature's bounty attracts groups that may claim they are driven by grievance, but which initiate violence not to overthrow a government but to gain and maintain control of lucrative resources," says Rennet.{{/U}} Such resource wars are being fought because of "greed rather than need." 49){{U}}According to David Keen at the London School of Economics: "We tend to regard conflict as pimply a breakdown in a particular system, rather than as the emergence of another, alternative system 9f profit and power, i.e.a 'conflict economy' with the looting of natural resources at its heart."{{/U}} Rennet warns that warlords in such conflicts have no interest in winning the war, because its continuance is more profitable. 50){{U}}And he says too many Western governments are happy to turn a blind eye as their own corporations reap the benefits in cheap no-questions-asked raw materials.{{/U}} Rennet argues the issue of resource conflicts should be added to the agenda of the forthcoming World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg in August 2002.

问答题Scholasticthinkersheldawidevarietyofdoctrinesinbothphilosophyandtheology,thestudyofreligion.(1)WhatgivesunitytothewholeScholasticmovement,theacademicpracticeinEuropefromthe9thtothe17thcenturies,arethecommonaims,attitudes,andmethodsgenerallyacceptedbyallitsmembers.ThechiefconcernoftheScholasticswasnottodiscovernewfactsbuttointegratetheknowledgealreadyacquiredseparatelybyGreekreasoningandChristianrevelation.ThisconcernisoneofthemostcharacteristicdifferencesbetweenScholasticismandmodemthoughtsincetheRenaissance.ThebasicaimoftheScholasticsdeterminedcertaincommonattitudes,themostimportantofwhichwastheirconvictionofthefundamentalharmonybetweenreasonandrevelation.(2)TheScholasticsmaintainedthatbecausethesameGodwasthesourceofbothtypesofknowledgeandtruthwasoneofhischiefattributes,hecouldnotcontradicthimselfinthesetwowaysofspeaking.Anyapparentoppositionbetweenrevelationandreasoncouldbetracedeithertoanincorrectuseofreasonortoaninaccurateinterpretationofthewordsofrevelation.BecausetheScholasticsbelievedthatrevelationwasthedirectteachingofGod,itpossessedforthemahigherdegreeoftruthandcertaintythandidnaturalreason.Inapparentconflictsbetweenreligiousfaithandphilosophicreasoning,faithwasthusalwaysthesupremearbiter;thetheologiansdecisionoverruledthatofthephilosopher.Aftertheearly13thcentury,Scholasticthoughtemphasizedmoretheindependenceofphilosophywithinitsowndomain.(3)Nonetheless,throughouttheScholasticperiod,philosophywascalledtheservantoftheology,notonlybecausethetruthofphilosophywassubordinatedtothatoftheology,butalsobecausethetheologianusedphilosophytounderstandandexplainrevelation.ThisattitudeofScholasticismstandsinsharpcontrasttotheso-calleddouble-truththeoryoftheSpanish-ArabphilosopherandphysicianAverros.HistheoryassumedthattruthwasaccessibletobothphilosophyandIslamictheologybutthatonlyphilosophycouldattainitperfectly.Theso-calledtruthsoftheologyserved,hence,asimperfectimaginativeexpressionsforthecommonpeopleoftheauthentictruthaccessibleonlytophilosophy.Averrosmaintainedthatphilosophictruthcouldevencontradict,atleastverbally,theteachingsofIslamictheology.(4)Asaresultoftheirbeliefintheharmonybetweenfaithandreason,theScholasticsattemptedtodeterminetheprecisescopeandcompetenceofeachofthesefaculties.ManyearlyScholastics,suchastheItalianecclesiasticandphilosopherSt.Anselm,didnotclearlydistinguishthetwoandwereoverconfidentthatreasoncouldprovecertaindoctrinesofrevelation.(5)Later,attheheightofthematureperiodofScholasticism,theItaliantheologianandphilosopherThomasAquinasworkedoutabalancebetween

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Title: {{B}}How to Make a Good Speech in English?{{/B}} {{B}}Outline:{{/B}} 1. The importance of speaking English well is known to all. 2. The chief thing about speaking in English is to be brave to speak it. 3. Sum up your points of view. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.