问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inthisessay,youshould:1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)supportyourviewswithexample(s).

问答题Science and politics are inextricably linked. At a scientific conference on climate change held this week in Copenhagen, four environmental experts announced that sea levels appear to be rising almost twice as rapidly as had been forecast by the United Nations just two years ago. (46)The warning is aimed at politicians who will meet in the same city in December to discuss the same subject and, perhaps, to thrash out an international agreement to counter it. The reason for the rapid change in the predicted rise in sea levels is a rapid increase in the information available. (47)In 2007, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change convened by the UN made its prediction that sea levels would rise by between 18cm and 59cm by 2100, a lack of knowledge about how the polar ice caps were behaving was behind much of the uncertainty. Since then they have been closely monitored, and the results are disturbing. Both the Greenland and the Antarctic caps have been melting at an accelerating rate. Indeed, scientists now reckon that sea levels will rise by between 50era and 100era by 2100, unless action is taken to curb climate change. (48)Konrad Steffen, a professor of the University of Colorado, told the conference that this sheet is melting not only because it is warmer but also because water seeping through its crevices is breaking it up, whose effect had been neglected in the earlier report. The impact of the melting ice has been measured by John Church of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research. He told the conference that satellite and ground-based systems showed that sea levels have been rising more rapidly since 1993. He is concerned that more climate change could cause a further acceleration in this rate. Stefan of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research told the conference that, “based on past experience, I expect that sea-level rise will accelerate as the planet gets hotter.” (49)He was supported in this view by the fourth expert, Eric Rignot of the University of California, who called for the world’s leaders to slash the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Advance negotiations on the UN Climate Change Conference are due to begin in Bonn in just over a fortnight’s time. The scientists hope that their startling warnings will change the outcome of that pre-meeting meeting. (50)With much still to argue over, they hope that a clear scientific lead will both help to narrow the room for disagreement and galvanize the desire to get a treaty agreed.

问答题The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. (47)Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. (48)An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. (49)If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. (50)In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write a composition based on the picture. The title can be offered in your preference. Make sure that your writing follows the given OUTLINE: {{B}}Outline:{{/B}} 1. Brief description of the picture 2. Comment on its theme You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to apply to be a volunteer for an international conference. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题 Directions: Write a letter to some of your schoolmates for a meeting to 1) invite them to the meeting, and 2) tell them what activities will be arranged. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 'Li Ming' instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160--200wordsbasedonthefollowingphoto.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethephotobriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourowncomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould(1)describethedrawing,(2)interpretitsmeaning,and(3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a letter. Suppose you are Wang Kai. A former classmate of yours Zhao Yong is planning to visit you during the summer vacation. Write to him according to the following outline: 1) express your welcome; 2) tell him your arrangements for his visit; 3) mention something that your former classmate should pay heed to. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhao Yong' instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethefollowingdrawing,interpretitsmeaning,and2)Giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions : You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and: 1) ask for a new room next term, 2) you would prefer a single room, 3) explain your reasons. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don"t write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Having finished his end-of-term exams, a university student has gone straight home without saying good bye to his roommate. Write a letter explaining the situation to the latter, and invite him home during the vacation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other. Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency. 46)Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted. Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 47)The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come. However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong? Computers have many uses, varying from pure accounting or back-office systems to stock or production control, or computer-aided design or manufacturing. 48)In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business. The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft. 49)Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back-ups of date and/or programmes. The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables. 50)However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, and relatives. You'd think in this era of labor-saving and convenient transportation that few people would have reason to be so tired. The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excessive physical exertion. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of underexercise than of wearing yourself down with overactivity. Physical fatigue is the well-known result of overworking your muscles. (46) {{U}}Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that which you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain.{{/U}} The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated waste and restore muscle fuel. (47) {{U}}Illness induced fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder, perhaps the common cold or flu or something more serious like cancer, while other symptoms are present that often suggest the true cause.{{/U}} Even after an illness passed, you're likely to feel dragged out for a week or more. (48) {{U}}Take your fatigue as a signal to go slow while your body has a chance to recover fully even if all you had was a cold.{{/U}} Pushing yourself to resume full activity too soon will certainly prolong your period of fatigue. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. (49) {{U}}Understanding the underlying emotional problem is the crucial first step toward curing psychological fatigue and by itself often results in considerable lessening of the tiredness.{{/U}} Professional psychological help or career or marriage counseling may be needed. There is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. You might try to do moderate exercise. (50) {{U}}Contrary to what you may think, exercise enhances, rather than drains, engery and helps you to resist fatigue by increasing your body's ability to handle more of a workload.{{/U}} At the end of a day exercise can relieve accumulated tensions, give you more energy in the evening, and help you sleep more restfully.

问答题 1 He is one of the truly great war correspondents, a monumental figure who reported from Afghanistan (阿富汗) for 20 years and won almost every literary prize offered in Italy; he is a writer whose description of his country"s troubled history overthrows both official versions. They are some of the most important voices in the world today, honored intellectuals in their own countries. In the English-speaking world, in fact, major publishing houses are inexplicably resistant to any kind of translated material at all. The statistics are shocking in this age of so-called globalization. 2 In the United States and Britain, only 2 to 3 percent of books published each year are translations, compared with almost 35 percent in Latin America and Western Europe. But this is no mere national embarrassment. The dearth of translated literature in the English-speaking world represents a new kind of iron curtain we have constructed around ourselves. 3 We are choosing to block off access to the writing of a large and significant portion of the world, including movements and societies whose potentially dreadful political impact on us is made even more menacing by our general lack of familiarity with them. Publishers have their excuses, of course. 4 This is nothing but a publishing shibboleth (准则；教条) that leads to a chicken-and-egg question: Is a limited readership for translations the reason why so few are published in the English world? Or is that readership limited because English-language publishers provide their readers with so few translations? Certainly, the number of readers of literature—in any language-is on the decline, and serious, dedicated editors face real difficulties bringing good books to the marketplace. But that is not the fault of translation. 5 On the contrary, we need to ask what we lose as readers and as a society if we lose access to translated literature by voluntarily reducing its presence in our community or quietly standing by as it is drastically and arbitrarily reduced.