问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题 You've had a problem, you've thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren't thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods. Of course all ideas don't come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do is a mystery. (46) {{U}}Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary process of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a "leap in thought" is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from the somewhere.{{/U}} For the moment let us assume that they come from the "unconscious". (47){{U}}This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming known.{{/U}} (48) {{U}}It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.{{/U}} But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. (49) {{U}}This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was formless.{{/U}} The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so derived from a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience. (50) {{U}}This process of the establishment of new form must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interacts and combines to form more comprehensive patterns.{{/U}} Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organ are at rest, to maintain the activity of ten thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can "only do what we know how to design them to do", and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown. Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gift.

问答题World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. 46)The World Trade Organization has the authority to administer and police new and existing free trade agreements, to oversee world trade practices, and to settle trade disputes among member states. The WTO 'was established in 1994 when the members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT), a treaty and international trade organization, signed a new trade pact. The WTO was created to replace GATT. The WTO began operation on January 1, 1995. GATT and the WTO coexisted until December 1995, when the members of GATT met for the last time. Although the WTO replaced GATT. the trade agreements established by GATT in 1994 are part of the WTO agreement. However, the WTO has a significantly broader scope than GATT. GATT regulated trade in merchandise. 47)The WTO expanded the GATT agreement to include trade in services, such as international telephone service, and protections for intellectual property -- that is, creative works that can be protected legally, such as sound recordings and computer programs. The WTO is also a formally structured organization whose rules are legally binding on its member states. The organization provides a framework for international trade law. 48)Members can refer trade disputes to the WTO where a dispute panel composed of WTO officials serves as arbitrator. Members can appeal this panel's rulings to a WTO appellate body whose decisions are final. Disputes must be resolved within the time limits set by WTO rules. As of 1996 almost all of the 123 nations that had signed the new GATT pact had transferred membership to the WTO, including the United States. About 30 other nations had also applied for membership. 49)The WTO is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is controlled by a general council made up of member states' ambassadors who also serve on various subsidiary and specialist committees. The ministerial conference, which meets every two years and appoints the WTO's director- general, oversees the General Council. Renato Ruggiero, a former Italian trade minister, became the first full-time director-general of the WTO in May 1995. 50) The agreements that the WTO will administer are expected to increase annual world trade by at least ＄ 755 billion by the year 2002.

问答题Directions: You got an invitation to take part in a party. Write a declining letter which should include: 1) the purpose of writing this letter; 2) the reasons for your absence; 3) your good wishes to the participants. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Suppose that you cannot return the book to William in person for some emergency and will ask someone else to return it. 1) Give your suggestions, and explain the reasons. 2) Other recommendation. Write a note in about 100 words to inform him of it. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use" Zhang Wei"instead.

问答题1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoencouragehonesty.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. For a long time psychoanalysis was the only formalized psychotherapy practiced in Western society. It was this type of therapy that gave rise to the classic picture of a bearded Viennese doctor seated behind a patient who is lying on a couch. Psychoanalysis is based on the theories of Sigmund Freud. (46) {{U}}According to Freud's views, psychological disturbances are due to anxiety about hidden conflicts in the unconscious parts of one's personality; therefore, one of the psychoanalysts job is to help make the patients aware of the unconscious impulses, desires, and fears that are causing the anxiety.{{/U}} Psychoanalysts believe that if patients can understand their unconscious motives, they have taken, the first step toward gaining control of their problems. Such understanding is called insight. Psychoanalysis is a slow procedure. It may take years of fifty-minute sessions several times a week before the patient is able to make fundamental changes in her life. (47) {{U}}Throughout this time, the analyst assists his patient in a complete examination of the unconscious motives behind her behavior.{{/U}} This task begins with the analyst telling the patient to relax and talk about everything that comes into her mind. This method is called free association. As the patient lies on the couch, she may describe her dreams, discuss private thoughts, or recall long-forgotten experiences. The psychoanalyst often says nothing for long periods of time. (48) {{U}}The psycho-analyst also occasionally makes remarks or asks questions that guide the patient, or he may suggest an unconscious motive or factor that explains something the patient has been talking about, but most of the work is done by the patient herself.{{/U}} Psychoanalysis has sometimes been criticized for being" all talk and no action." In behavior therapy there is much more emphasis on action. (49) {{U}}Rather than spending a large amount of time going into the patient's past history or the details of his or her dreams, the behavior therapist concentrates on finding out what is specifically wrong with the patient's current life and takes steps to change it.{{/U}} The idea behind behavior therapy is that a disturbed person is one who has learned to behave in the wrong way. The therapist's job, therefore, is to "reeducate" the patient. (50) {{U}}The reasons for the patient's undesirable behavior are not important; what is important is to change the patient's behavior which is formed and reinforced in stressed environment and to establish new patterns of behavior for the patient.{{/U}} One technique used by behavior therapists is systematic recovery. This method is used to overcome irrational fears and anxieties the patient has learned. The goal of systematic recovery therapy is to encourage people to imagine the feared situation while relaxing. Having been taught how to relax, the patient learns to think about the past experience without being afraid. During this process, the therapist attempts to replace anxiety with its opposite, relaxation.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. One of the hallmarks of our anxieties about the future is confusion over how to prepare young people for it. What is it that we are supposed to be educating students for? {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}We know that today's young people will, during their lifetimes, face multiple changes in jobs, and we assume that their future will be shaped by technologies that we cannot yet imagine{{/U}}. But when we try to translate these observations into what elementary and secondary schools should be doing, the result is usually a rehash of tired old complaints. If we are ever to break out of this cycle, we are going to need some very big ideas. Egan, a professor of education at Simon Fraser University, recognizes the temptation to place blame for schools' failures on incompetent teachers and simple-minded politicians, but he wants a deeper and more useful explanation. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The key to obtaining such an explanation lies in addressing the problematic yet unchallenged assumptions that trap today's debate in an endless cycle of frustration{{/U}}. Drawing on evolutionary psychology and cognitive science, Egan outlines three widely accepted schools of thought about the goals of education. The first takes education to be a matter of socializing humans into the membership of nations and other collectives. {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}"Governments are in the business of schooling" for this reason, but socialization is pursued at a cost because "making requirements uniform will always be at odds with the ambitions of our imaginations{{/U}}." Indeed, if the goal of socialization is pursued too assiduously, we call it indoctrination-at least when others do it. With the emergence of literacy in human history came a second big goal for education: Plato's academic ideal. {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Mastering the new forms of coded knowledge that came with literacy has become the purpose of much of contempoary education and, for better or for worse, underlies much of the testing that now shapes it{{/U}}. The third is the "developmental" idea, through which education is viewed as "supporting the fullest achievement of the natural process of mental development." Like the blind men who encounter an elephant, these ideas bring limited perspectives to the discussion. Worse yet, they bring views that often stand in direct contradiction to one another. {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}As he puts it: "There is no mind in the brain until the brain interacts with the external symbolic stone of culture, " and in such interaction, the possibilities for innovation live as well{{/U}}.

问答题 {{U}}46. The American sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that the two most important functions of the modern family are the primary socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities through marriage and the raising of children.{{/U}} His own concern was particularly with the middle-class American family, but these important aspects of family life are also applicable much more widely. In the present context it is worthwhile to look especially at primary socialization. {{U}}47. Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school.{{/U}} Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing. However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of tile society in which they live. In American society, which was Parsons' main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. {{U}}48. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.{{/U}} However, few families are ideal. Studies of the families of emotionally disturbed children have shown that unsatisfactory relationships between husbands and wives can have detrimental effects on children. Sometimes a child is used as a scapegoat. The parents blame or even physically abuse the child in order to cover up their own difficulties. {{U}}49. In such a ease, the child often fails to develop the values the parents wish to instill in him, developing instead antisocial habits leading to deviant behavior in later life.{{/U}} Indeed, the cycle may be repeated if such a person in time marries, has a family of his own, and treats his children in the same way. Nonetheless, there is no reason to suppose that all children of unsatisfactory marriages are treated in such a way or fail to overcome the difficulties they have as children. {{U}}50. Some social scientists have even suggested that the isolated nuclear family, as it exists in Western industrialized societies, is to blame for the social ills found in those societies.{{/U}} They claim that in the past more support was offered from the wider kin network and from the community as a whole -- as is still the case in less-developed parts of the world, The British psychiatrists R. D. Laing and David Cooper suggested that the modern family is dysfunctional in that, by its very nature, it forces upon children an undue emphasis on obedience to authority. These negative viewpoints aside, most experts as well as most parents agree that the primary socialization process in the modern family offers benefits both t6 the child and to the parents.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaningandimplications,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 Directions: You are writing to launch a strong complaint about the impolite treatment that your guests, your colleague and you received when you met in a restaurant on the eve of the New Year last Friday evening. Your letter should include: 1) detailed description of your experience, 2) and your strong resentment. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethephenomenon;2)analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: You have several experiences of buying books from Delta, an online bookstore, but the books were either delayed or damaged or something. Write a letter to the Customer Service of Delta to 1) file a complaint, and 2) make two or three suggestions. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.