填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41--45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (1) The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple. (2) The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is "in the Maple Moon." Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. (3) 41. ______________ (4) Knowing this was s pursuit to the death, Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils. She hid in a stand of maple trees, all red and orange and deep yellow. This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees' outline. As they peered through the mist, slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning. (5) 42. ______________ (6) For their service in saving the earth mother's life, these maples were given a special gift: their water of life would be forever sweet, and Canadians would tap it for nourishment. (7) 43. ______________ (8) The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect, I believe. China has close to 10 species of maple, more than any country in the world. Canada has 10 native species. North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple, the species that produces the sweetest sap and the most abundant flow. (9) But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history, these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap? I speculate that they did. (10) 44. ______________ (11) What is certain is the maple's holdfast on our national imagination. Is leaf was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700, and in English Canada by the mid-19th century. In the fall of 1867, a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing at street a the city, all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves, when a maple leaf alighted to his coat sleeve and stuck there. (12) The word "maple" is from "mapeltreow”, the Old English term for maple tree, with "mapl"--as its Proto-Germanic root, a compound in which the first "m" --is, I believe, the nearly worldwide "ma", one of the first human sounds, the pursing of a baby's lips as it prepares to suck milk from mother's breast. The "ma" root gives rise in many world languages to thousands of words like "mama", "mammary", "maia", and "Amazon." Here it would make "mapl-" mean "nourishing mother tree," that is, tree whose maple sap in nourishing. (13) 45. ______________ [A] The second part of the compound, "apl-", is a variant of Indo-European able "fruit of any tree" and the origin of another English fruit word, apple. So the primitive analogy compares the liquid sap with another nourishing liquid, mother's milk.[B] In one tale about seasonal change, cannibal wendigos-creatures of evil-chased through the autumn countryside old Nokomis, who was a symbol for female fertility. Wendigos throve in icy cold. When they entered the bodies of humans, the human heart froze solid.[C] Here wendigos represent oncoming winter. They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis, the warm embodiment of female fecundity who, like the summer, has grown old.[D] Could Proto-Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with them a knowledge of maple syrup? Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup? Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature? For a non-reader of Chinese, such questions are daunting but not impossible to answer.[E] Maple and its syrup flow sweetly into Canadian humor. Quebeckers have developed a special love for such a nutriment.[F] After it resisted several brushings-off, Muir joked to his walking companion that this would be "the maple leaf for ever!" At home that evening, he wrote a poem and set it to music, in celebration of Canada's Confederation. Muir's song, "The Maple Leaf Forever," was wildly popular and helped fasten the symbol firmly to Canada.[G] But it was only old Nokomis being hidden by the bright red leaves of her friends, the maples. And so, drooling ice and huffing frost, the wendigos left her and sought easier prey.

填空题Although no longer slavers after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant part in the life of white America except as servants or laborers. Many thousands of them emigrated from the war-ravaged South to the North from 1865 to 1915 in the hope of finding work in the big industrial cities. Whole communities of blacks crowded together into ghettos in New York City, Chicago and Detroit, where once the poor white immigrants had lived. These ghettos, neglected by the city authorities, became slums. The schools to which black children went were hopelessly inadequate. Unemployment in black ghettos remained consistently higher than in white communities. 41. Serious problems with black ghettos.______ Stable family life was difficult to maintain.42. The extreme poverty of the blacks.______ In the late 1970s, nearly a third of all blacks still belonged to the so-called "underclass", they are so "under-privileged" and poor that they cannot seize the opportunity for advancement.43. Efforts to put an end to racial discrimination.______ Race relations in the USA continue to be a thorny problem,44. Improvements in Ives of the blacks.______ Despite some setbacks, race relations are improving.45. Prevailing violence in solving racial problems.______ It is said that television had an enormous influence on frustrated and hitter blacks, for it showed them bow much better whites on the whole lived than blacks. At the end of the 1960s, there were serious riots in many cities. The violence quickly died down. Blacks began to use their votes to exert political pressure. Cities like Atlanta (Georgia), Gary (Indiana), and Los Angeles (California) elected black mayors. Integration of schools, despite resistance from white groups, goes on, and the proportion of blacks in American colleges has increased dramatically in the last 20 years. There are reasons to maintain a cautious optimism that progress in race relations will continue.[A] It has been estimated that there are more than 20 million Americans in this category, 10% of the population, including many millions of whites.[B] Blacks are gaining in self-confidence. In more and more areas they are winning control of their communities, and their standard of living is going up faster than that of the poor whites. It is still a hard struggle. There is still prejudice and even some hatred, but in most walks of American life there are now more blacks than ever before.[C] The era of blatant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sitins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodations. Down came the "whites only" notices in bused, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, restrooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. Gone were the restrictions that prevented blacks voting, Gone, too, were the hideous lynchings, which since the Civil War had caused the death of thousands of innocent blacks—hanged without trial by white mobs. However, even today, poor, uneducated lacks do not always receive the same degree of justice that the more affluent and better educated can expect.[D] Many blacks chose to keep silent about their unfairness instead of resorting to violence. But their silence was also problem provoking: on the one hand, silence would build up a lot of complaints and hatred in their minds, thus resulting in a negative approach to life and everything; on the other hand, silence would give the whites an impression that the blacks take the reality for granted and put. more racial discrimination on them.[E] Unemployed fathers would on occasion walk out of their homes and never return. Children neglected by their parents turned in some instances to drugs and crimes. There are more than 700 murders a year in cities like New York, Detroit, Los Angeles and Houston, and most of these deaths are of blacks killed by blacks. The black ghettos are dangerous both for blacks and non-blacks.[F] Radical blacks like the Black panthers demanded a free black state within the Union, and advocated violence to achieve that end and to protect themselves against what they felt was police brutality toward blacks. For a while, violence overshadowed the influence of the greatly respected pacifist black, Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had provided the inspiration and leadership for those devoted to a peaceful change and whose murder in 1968 stunned America.

填空题C.P. Snow once said: "A sense of the future is behind all good policies. Unless we have it, we can give nothing either wise or decent to the world." Thinking carefully about an outcome is an intelligent first step in many processes, especially when the stakes are high, possibly even dangerous. Do you have any experience in getting out of hazardous situations? In the most exceptional circumstances, a few good rules of thumb may save you. Here are five things to keep in mind. 1. Stay calm If a catastrophe threatens your life, panic will only make matters worse. Nothing but calmness can help you adequately take stock of the situation and take appropriate measures. 2. Remain confident Desperation can paralyze you or sap your energy, while confidence is the key to saving yourself. 3. Help each other You should organize for mutual assistance in case of an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. People working together can always cope more successfully with any adverse situation. Solidarity means strength; solidarity means victory. 4. Be obedient to superiors The best strategy when facing a catastrophe is to obey commands and keep order. More often than not, leaders are experts, or someone familiar with the situation or with rich experience. Being too individualistic and going your own way will usually make the situation worse for you and others. So, the best thing to do is to listen; to authorities and remain orderly. 5. Communicate When in danger it is best to seek help immediately so those with more resources can come to your aid. If you are at risk, use whatever means available as soon as possible to contact others for help, and take efforts to maintain communication once it is established. While every catastrophe is different in its own way, all can be met and hopefully overcome with the above-mentioned pieces of advice. By carefully considering what needs to be done, even under the worst of situations, one can find solutions, or endure until aided by others. A. A person trapped in ruins in an earthquake, didn't lose hope. The victim overcame his pain and despair, and kept banging out signals on the fallen wall around him for help. Because of his efforts, a rescue team was able to find him and save his life. B. For example, if numerous people are involved in a dangerous situation, some, out of fear or inclination, may not follow direction or heed sound advice. As a result of the disorder, rescue efforts are hindered, or worse more casualties are incurred. C. Nine fishermen from Peru were hit by a severe storm, but they didn't panic even though their boat was damaged so badly that they couldn't sail home. They maintained faith that they would surely to be saved, and their belief gave them strength. When there is hope, there is a way! They survived at sea for 40 days before they were finally rescued. Their story is a good sample for future people lost at sea. It is best to remember the proverb: God helps those who help themselves. D. History shows that when people are in danger mutual assistance promotes confidence, and reassuring others not only helps them, but can calm you as well. Helping others is beneficial, especially in the direst circumstances. During the Sept. 11 attacks in America, people pulled together and supported each other. This not only reduced casualties, but also left a deep impression on people around world. Remember, helping others is helping yourself! E. The Apollo 13 space mission suffered catastrophic mechanical problems en route to the Moon. Its malfunction was caused by an explosion and rupture of oxygen tank No. 2 in the service module. The NASA Mission Control Center immediately issued two orders. The second order was concerning navigation. But, can you guess what the first order was? Unbelievably, the astronauts were told to take two tranquillizer pills each! As a result, calmness helped the astronauts overcome a series of difficulties and return to earth. Calmness can work miracles in times of emergency. F. The best way to prevent a catastrophe from happening is planning ahead. You should often check your circuits, stoves, electrical appliances and gas pipelines. Before sleeping in a hotel, you should be aware of the nearest exit in case of an emergency. "Preparation averts peril./

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are going to read a list of headings and a text about the functions of advertisment. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] Advertisements add interests to life [B] Advertisements help to save money [C] Criticisms on advertisers [D] Usefulness of small advertisements [E] True aesthetic value of advertisement [F] Informing: the chief function of advertising 41__________ Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. "It's iniquitous," they say, "that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pay..." 42__________ The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement. 43__________ Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. 44__________ We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! 45__________ Another thing we mustn't forget is the "small ads." which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch, match and dispatch" columns; but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or "agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is !

填空题Today, some 30% of small business owners don't have a Web presence at all; while the vast majorities who do are watching their sites sit stale, waiting for business. Where did things go wrong? There are common principles followed by those whose dreams of online success have become reality. 1. Build your site around your customer: Thinking of your site as your online storefront, built around delivering the highest-quality customer experience from the moment your customer steps through the "door". 2. Just because you built it doesn't mean they'll come: If you aren't seeing a large volume of targeted traffic to your site, it's time to up the ante. 3. Integrate customer loyalty programs and promotions: Containing discounts, news, or friendly service reminders. Use discount promotional offers to stay in touch with past visitors to your site. 4. Justify your monthly spending through product bundling: While pay-per-click Internet advertising is much more cost-effective than traditional media channels, bundling products together will not only increase your sales revenue, but also enable you to get more out of your per-click ad rates. 5. Measure your progress: Your site may be live, but how is it performing? Armed with these simple lessons, vow to make your business realize the true promise of the Internet. A. A manufacturing company selling $50 items was having trouble justifying the cost of online keyword ads. By bundling products to create packages of $100 or more and advertising to wholesale customers looking to buy in bulk, the manufacturer dropped its sales representative agencies and focused on large-volume buyers, such as Wal-Mart and Target. Needless to say, the company had no trouble exceeding its yearly sales quota. B. One of my past clients had a well-designed physical storefront, solid prices, and quality offerings. However, he wasn't able to drive enough store traffic despite targeted advertising efforts in print publications and other offline venues. We decided to shift those ad dollars to an online pay-per-click campaign—in which the advertiser pays whenever someone clicks on its entry posted during the course of a site search based on keywords relevant to his business. The immediate impact was staggering. Online revenue soared tenfold to $1 million from $100, 000 within only a few months. C. With today's technology, your return can be easily measured. If you rely on your Web site as a sales tool, you can't afford not to invest in site analytics. Make sure your Web solution includes an easy-to-use reporting tool that presents this information in a clear, concise format. After all, while metrics are a critical part of the Web equation, you don't have the time to spend hours digging through reams of data. D. Years ago, I worked with a woman who sold purses online through a home-built site that lacked critical e-commerce components. After a simple redesign including product descriptions, comprehensive navigation, and a secure, user-friendly ordering system, her revenue increased fivefold. And she began receiving rave reviews from customers impressed with the ease and convenience of the online shopping experience. E. Online success demands more than simple presence. Your Internet investment should pay for itself with new customers and increased sales. Find a trusted partner who can help you navigate today's (and tomorrow's) technology and who understands the bottom-line realities of your business. F. One villa rental company had a Website that generated very few calls and online bookings. I helped the company set up a "last minute deals" distribution list. By subscribing, site visitors would receive weekly e-mails offering 11th-hour discounts on villa rentals. As a result, the company captured contact information for thousands of possible customers, reduced its unused inventory to almost zero, and increased revenue significantly.

填空题In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311．That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. 41．______. Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $ 521．This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. 42．______These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the "middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959．It appears that the middlemen's profit has increased more than farmer's. 43．According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than five percent. By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. 44．______The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several "TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes dessert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 45. Economists remind us that many modem housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day's work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family's table easily and quickly. "If the housewife wants all of these, " the economists say, "that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier. " It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.[A] However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.[B] Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm.[C] Thus, as economists point out: "Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor's plant. "[D] But some economists claim that the middleman's actual profit was very low.[E] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store'?[F] But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?[G] Economists do not. agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.InadequateprotectionofU.S.patents,trademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.economy＄80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250,000jobseveryyear,accordingtoGaryHoffman,anintellectualpropertyattorneyatDickstein,Shapiro＆MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof＄4billionofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies,booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast＄4billionannually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformorethan25%ofU.S.exports(comparedwithjust12%eightyearsago),protectionagainstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration'stradeagenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommission,thefederalagencythatdealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompanies,ishandlingarecordnumberofcases(38lastyear).SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:"Conceptualpropertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftradedisputes."[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiledmorethan5,700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3,800in1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcasetodate,EastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay＄900millionforinfringingonsevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcase,bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinko'sGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores＄510,000forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollegestudents.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappeal,theawardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty.ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDon'tWantMyPeaches,You'dBetterStopShakingMyTree,butitactuallyencompassesthewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue--andmanyofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney'sMickeyMousetoUpjohn'sformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotion,patents,trademarksandcopyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingtoprotect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformationandtechnology,ideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompany'swealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatented,trademarkedandcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday'scleverthiefdoesn'trobbanks,manyofwhicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner'slatestfilm,sellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMerck'snewestpharmaceutical.That'swherethemoneyis.[F]Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty.RealizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeasWellashobblenativeindustries,nationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatents,copyrightsandtradenames.Malaysia,Egypt,China,turkey,BrazilandeventheSovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeefupexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportforaproposedfree-tradepact,Mexicolastmonthrevealed,planstodoublethelifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirsttimetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G]Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesigns,moviesandcomputerprograms.Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson＆.Johnsonintroducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago,executivesatMinnesotaMining＆Manufacturingflewintoarage.Thetape,whichsetsfracturesfasterthanplaster,wasremarkablysimilarindesignandfunctiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt.Paul-basedcompanyquicklysued,chargingJ＆Jwithviolatingfourofitspatents.Lastmonthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ＆Jtopay＄116millionindamagesandinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringementjudgmentinhistory.Order:

填空题[A]SowhatdotheAmericansthinkoftheforeignvisitorswhoarriveforthetorridheat,justwhenlocalsfromtheUnitedStatestendtoavoidDeathValley?SaysparkrangerBrendaHenson,"TheforeignerswanttoexperiencetheheatinDeathValley.Theythinkthisisneat.Ithinkit"scrazy.[B]Theplacethatthetourists—mainlyfromEurope—aredrawntoisanactuallyseriesofsaltflats225kmlongand6kmto26kmwide.Thesearingheatofthesunisreflectedupfromthisdryandwaterlessterrain,andtheonlynoisethatbreaksthesilenceinthisvastvalleyisthecrunchofvisitors"shoesonthefinesaltcrystalsleftbyevaporation.Birdsandanimalsarelargelyabsent,andonlythehardiestplantshaveanychanceofexistenceinthisunforgivinglandscape.[C]Accordingtoparkrangers,anaverageof1.3millionvisitorsentertheparkeachyear.FromJunethroughAugust,90percentofthemareforeigners,theretoexperiencetheblisteringheatthatgivesDeathValleyitsname.ArtHorton,meteorologistfromtheNationalWeatherService,saystheaveragehighinJulyis46.2℃andthelow30℃.ForAugust,theaveragehighis45.2℃andthelow29.4℃.[D]Allaround,mountainstowerabovethesaltflats.Acrosstheflats,visitorscanseeTelescopePeak,thehighestpointintheparkatmorethan3,350m.Normallysnowcoveredinwinter,themountainrangeisbareinsummer,butattheedgesofthevalleyofferssomeshadefromtheblisteringsun.[E]EvenDeathValley"shotnewsweathercanhaveextremesabovethat.ThehottestdayseverrecordedwereonJune30,1994,andJuly14,1972whentemperatureshit53.3℃.Andinwinter,DeathValleycontinuestoliveuptoitsname,producingcoldnessattheotherendofthescalethatcanbelife-threateningtoanyonecaughtexposedinit.ThecoldestdayrecordedinDeathValleywasonJanuary30,1988whenitwas18℃;belowzero.[F]OnetouristfromParissumsuptheattractionverysimply:"Wecomeherebecausewecantellallourfriendsandfamilythatwe"vebeentothehottestplaceintheworld,"hesays.[G]DeathValleyisthelowest,hottest,driestareainNorthAmerica.TheclimateinthisCaliforniaNationalParkhaslessthan5cmofrainfallayearandtemperaturesupto53℃insummer.That"senoughtokeepsensibleAmericansawayduringthehottestmonthsfromJunetoAugust.Butit"sthenthatthesizzlingtemperaturesandstiflingheatdrawtheirmostavidfans,theforeigntourists.Fromallovertheglobe,theydescendtothevalleyfloorinrentalcars,carryingmapsandwaterbottles,andvigorouslyfanningthemselveswithnewspaperstokeepcool.Order:

填空题Among the celebrated pantheon of Holly wood royalty, few are as well-respected and universally adored as Gregory Peck. For more than fifty years, he has been a major presence in the theater, on television, and most importantly, on the big screen. (41) ______ As General MacArthur, Melville's Captain Ahab, and Atticus Finch, he has presented audiences with compelling stories of strength and masculinity. Eldred Gregory Peck was born on April 5, 1916 in La Jolla, California. By the time he was six, his parents had divorced. For a number of years he lived with his maternal grandmother, but at the age of ten was' sent to St. John' s Military Academy in Los Angeles. The four years he spent there were important in forming his sense of personal discipline. After the Academy, he returned to live with his father, a local pharmacist, and to attend public high school. (42)______. There, his abilities were almost immediately recognized. In 1942, Peck made his debut on Broadway with The Morning Star. Though many of his early plays were doomed to short runs, it seemed clear that Peck was destined for something bigger. In 1944 that "something bigger" arrived in the form of his first two Hollywood roles, as Vladimir in Days of Glory and Father Francis Chisholm in The Keys of the Kingdom. (43)______. This early success provided him the rare opportunity of working with the best directors in Hollywood. Over the next three years he appeared in Alfred Hitchcock' s Spellbound (1945), King Vidor' s Duel in the Sun (1946), and Etia Kazan's Gentleman's Agreement (1947). Despite concerns over public acceptance of the last one, a meditation on American anti-Semitism, it surprised many by winning an Oscar for Best Picture and a nomination for Best Actor. This success seemed not only a validation of Peck's abilities as an artist but of his moral convictions as well. (44)______. Tough and caring, he was the quintessential mid- century American man—the good-looking romantic lead across from Audrey Hepburn as well as the rugged World War 1I bomber commander. For many, the actor and the characters he portrayed were inseparable; the authority of his passionate yet firm demeanor was attractive to post-war Americans who longed for a more stable time. (45)______. While continuing to act on television and in Hollywood throughout the 19805 and 19905, Peck has focused much of his energy on spending time with his wife, children, and grandchildren. For Peck, life as a father and as a public figure have been inseparable; he was simultaneously a major voice against the Vietnam war, while remaining a patriotic supporter of bis son who was fighting there. If years of breathing life into characters such as Captain Keith Mallory and General MacArthur taught him anything, it was that life during wartime was profoundly complex; and rarely bas there been a time free from war or struggle. In his more than fifty films, Peck has continually attempted to investigate these complex struggles, and in doing so has created a library of stories that shed light on human possibility and social reality.[A] Though an amiable and fun-loving man at home, Peck' s stern presence made him one of the screen' s great patriarchs.[B] For many, Peck is a symbol of the American man at his best—a pillar of moral courage and a constant defender of traditional values.[C] During the 19605 and 19705, Peck continued to challenge himself as an actor, appearing in thrillers, war films, westerns and in bis best known film, To Kill A Mockingbird (1962). Based on the book by Harper Lee, To Kill A Mockingbird addresses problems of racism and noral justice in personal and powerful ways. As Atticns Finch, a lawyer in a small Southern town, Peck created a character that remains a great example of an individual' s struggle for humanity within deeply inhumane conditions. It seems clear however, that the reason for Peck's constant assertion that To Kill A Mockingbird is his best ( and favorite) fihn, was the film' s attention to the lives of children and the importance of family.[D] Gregory Peck passed away on June 12th, 2003, at the age of 87.[E] While Days of Glory was coolly received, his role as the taciturn Scottish missionary in The Keys of the Kingdom was a resounding triumph and brought him his first Os- car nomination for Best Actor.[F] After graduating, Peck enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. Greatly influenced by his father's desires for him to be a doctor, Peck began as a premed student. By the time he was a senior, however, he found his real interests to be in writing and acting. Peek soon realized that he had a natural gift as both an expressive actor and a storyteller. After graduating in 1939, he changed his name from E1dred to Gregory and moved to New York.[G] At 85, Peck turned his attention back to where he got his start, the stage. He traveled the country visiting small play houses and colleges, speaking about his life and experiences as a father, a celebrity, and as an actor.

填空题 Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. 41. ______. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Den- mark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China— along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses,” according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. 42. ______. The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary: should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods even at the expense of the environment? 43. ______. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. GM crops that can be produced more efficiently would allow us to return land to nature. 44. ______. U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Eliot Herman has already created a less-allergenic soybean — an important crop for baby foods. Through genetic surgery, Herman turned off the soy gene responsible for 65 percent of allergic reactions. Not only was the modified soy less allergenic in tests but, as Herman explained, “the yield looks perfectly normal, plants develop and grow at a normal rate and they seem to have the same kinds of protein, oil and other good stuff in them.” Other scientists have reported promising results in shutting off allergy-causing genes in peanuts and shrimp. Should these advances be turned into products, organic soy or peanut products will be certifiably more dangerous to human health than comparable nonorganic products.45. ______. In this climate, much of the needed research isn’t being pursued. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin-sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth — unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative. [A] Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification — which is anathema to many Westerners. [B] In fact, although all commonly used pesticides dissipate so quickly that they pose a miniscule health risk to consumers, allergic food reactions to natural products kill hundreds of children each year. Genetically modified foods could greatly reduce this risk. [C] Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorus extracting enzyme in its saliva. The results so far are dramatic — the new pigs can extract all the phosphorus they need from grain alone, without the phosphorus supplements that farmers now use. This reduces the phosphorus content of their manure by up to 75 percent. [D] Doing away with the pig is not an option. [E] Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay (as cows and sheep do), reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed. Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills. [F] Of course, stringent testing is needed to show that a genetic modification works and that the product is not harmful to humans. Scientists can do both of these things with techniques that allow them to examine and compare the structure and activity of every one of an animal’s genes. [G] Unfortunately, this won’t happen any time soon. Because no society has ever banned allergenic foods, conventional farmers have no incentive to plant reduced-allergy seeds. And many members of the public have been led to believe that all genetic modifications create health risks.

填空题 While Americans have become ever more dependent upon electricity in their daily lives, a crucial part of the system that supports their way of life has not kept up. Yes, the country has built more power plants enough to create a glut of power in most parts of the country,41． _____________________. California's disastrous partial energy deregulation and the role played by Enron and other energy marketing companies in its power crisis have impeded changes in the national ability to deliver power. 42． _____________________. Moreover, the deficiency also includes inadequate coordination among the regions in managing the flow of electricity. These interregional weaknesses are so far the most plausible explanation for the blackout on Thursday. 43． _____________________. The problem is with the system of rules, organization, and oversight that governs the transmission networks. It was set up for a very different era and is now caught in a difficult transition. The transmission networks were built to serve a utility system based on regulated monopolies. In the old days, there was no competition for customers. Today, the mission is to connect buyers and sellers seeking the best deal, irrespective of political boundaries and local jurisdictions. 44． _____________________. Yet the power industry is probably not even halfway there in its shift from regulation to the marketplace. The California power crisis and the power-trading scandals sent regulators back to the drawing board, slowing the development of new institutions, rules and investment to make competitive markets work. 45． _____________________.[A] Over all, for more than a decade, the power industry has been struggling with how to move from the old regulation to the new marketplace. This shift was driven by the view that half a century of state regulation had produced power prices that were too high and too varied among states. Factories and jobs were migrating from states with high electric power prices to those with lower prices.[B] But the transmission system is caught in the middle of the stalled deregulation of the American electric power industry.[C] As a result, the development of the regional transmission organizations is erratic. More than one-third of the power transmitted is not under the control of regional transmission organizations. Some states fear that their cheap power would be sucked away to other markets; others do not want to subordinate state authority to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.[D] It was unclear when the waters would recede, never mind when life would return to normal. Power may not be restored for weeks. Looting, too. Began to spiral out of control. Mr Nagin, who said the city might be uninhabitable for three months, was forced to order police to concentrate on stopping crime, not saving people.[E] What's preventing greater connection and coordination between regions? The technology exists, and is available; the economic benefits of relieving the bottlenecks between regions far exceeds the costs by many billions of dollars.[F] Yet, despite claims in the wake of last week's blackout that the nation has a "third world" power grid, the regional networks are first world. But in one critical aspect, the system has become increasingly vulnerable: in the interconnections among the different regions. Both the number and size of the wires on the borders between regions are inadequate for the rising flow of electricity. This missing part creates the worst bottlenecks in the system.[G] Since entering the overseas power market in 1993, KEPCO has established several achievements through its distinguished international business strategies to promote electric power development of the world. Based on its long experience and advanced technology gained over 100 years in Korea, KEPCO continues to build up its outstanding reputation as a leading utility company. Moreover, KEPCO embraces challenges and makes bold steps into wider markets in the world by its flair for dynamic activities, which is favorably received in the Philippines, China, Vietnam and Libya.