问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepictures,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)commentontheissue.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleonadvertisement.Yourarticleshouldcoverthepointsbelow1)Theomnipresence(无所在不，普遍)ofadvertisements2)Theiradvantages3)TheirdisadvantagesYoushouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You have stayed with your friend's family for a month. Now you are going back home. Write a message to your friend's family to 1) express your gratitude, 2) show your appreciation of the good days you've had together, 3) say goodbye. You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Don't sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write a poster to your schoolmates, informing them of a new book to be released, You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to your friend Steven to express your thanks for his warm treat when you recently stayed at his home. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Empirical and experimental philosophy has no quarrel with science, either in itself or in its application to education. On the contrary, scientific conclusions and methods are the chief ally of an empirical philosophy of education. For according to empirical philosophy, science provides the only means we have for learning about man and the world in which he lives. Some have thought that this fact makes philosophy unnecessary. They have supposed that the admission that science is supreme in the field of knowledge covers the whole ground of human experience. 46. The elimination does rule out one kind of philosophy, namely, that which held that philosophy is a higher form of knowledge than the scientific kind, one which furnishes knowledge of ultimate higher reality. But it does not follow from the elimination of this particular type of philosophy that philosophy itself must be so. It would tallow if man were simply and only a knowing being. He is also an acting being, a creature with desires, hopes, fears, purposes and habits. To the average person knowledge itself is of importance because of its bearing upon what he needs to do. It helps him in clarifying his wants, in constructing his ends and in finding means for realizing them. 47. There exist, in other words, values as well as known facts and principles, and philosophy is concerned primarily with values—with the ends for the sake of which man acts. 48. Given the most extensive and accurate system Of knowledge, man is still faced with the question of what he is going to do about it and what he is going to do with the knowledge in his possession . 49. In this matter of the connection of what is known with values, science is an ally of an empirical philosophy against absolute philosophies which pretend that fixed and eternal truths are known by means of organs and methods that are independent of science. The objection to this position is not merely theoretical. The practical objections to it are that it strengthens appeal to authority and promotes Controversies, which can"t be settled by the use of the methods of inquiry and proof that have been worked out in the sciences. There is no great danger that the present-day revival in some quarters of [ Greek and medieval philosophies ] will make much headway as a theoretical philosophy. 50. There is always danger that such philosophies will have practical influence in reinforcing established social authority that is exercised on behalf of the maintenance of the existing social situation. Against this danger, an experimental philosophy stands in firm alliance with the methods by which the natural sciences arrive at warranted truths.

问答题Directions: The municipal government is going to hold a two-day international financial summit at this coming weekend. During the weekend, traffic around the meeting site will be directed and controlled. Write a notice on behalf of the Traffic Control Bureau under the Public Transportation Department of tile Municipal Government to publicize this information. You are expected to imagine some specific measures of traffic control. Write the notice in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

问答题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm the United States. (46) Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management call be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief officer is almost always second in command. (47) The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy.(48) While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.(49) If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those is lower in Germany than it is the United States. (50) More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.{{/U}} Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand. At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. 47) {{U}}Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.{{/U}} 48) {{U}}As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.{{/U}} The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. 49) {{U}}Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives.{{/U}} In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research, One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 50) {{U}}In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.{{/U}} Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science--and not only pure science, but applied science as well. (409 words)

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Tang" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题1. you are ready for the application for the passport;2. the time for you to leave U. S. A.;3. the necessity for your visa. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Martin" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题Directions: You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing. Express your idea clearly as follows: 1) details about what you are going to do; 2) when and where you will go out. You should write no less than 100 words and on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address.