问答题People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea. (47) The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. (49) Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50) Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

问答题1) express your congratulations 2) give a brief account of the university 3) and give him your best wishes. The letter should be around 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled "Cars: Should We Love Them or Hate Them?" In the essay, you should (1) describe the picture; (2) interpret its meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon, You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (46) {{U}}The determination of the sources of copper ore used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifacts of Bronze Age civilizations would add greatly to our knowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era when preliminary industry was on the horizon.{{/U}} Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for their concentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons, these studies have generally failed to provide evidence of the sources of the copper used in the objects. Elemental composition can vary within the same copper-ore lode, usually because of varying admixtures of other elements, especially iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic. And high concentrations of cobalt or zinc noticed in some artifacts, appear in a variety of copper-ore sources. Moreover, the processing of ores introduced poorly controlled changes in the concentrations of minor and trace elements in the resulting metal. Some elements evaporate during smelting and roasting; different temperatures and processes produce different degrees of loss. (47) {{U}}Finally, flux, which is sometimes added during smelting to remove waste material from the ore, could add to the final product quantities of elements that are mixed together with copper.{{/U}} An elemental property that is unchanged through these chemical processes is the isotopic composition of each metallic element in the ore. Isotopic composition, the percentages of the different isotopes of an element in a given sample of the element, is therefore particularly suitable as an indicator of the sources of the ore. (48) {{U}}Of course, for this purpose it is necessary to find an element whose elemental composition is more or less constant throughout a given ore body, but varies from one copper ore body to another or, at least, from one geographic region to another.{{/U}} The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used to investigate the source of copper ore, would seem to be copper itself. It has been shown that small but measurable variations occur naturally in the isotopic composition of copper. However, the variations are large enough only in rare ores; between samples of the common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations greater than the measurement error have not been found. (49) {{U}}An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in most copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age in amounts consistent with the lead being derived from the copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. {{/U}}The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another, with variations exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. (50) {{U}}While some of the lead found in an artifact may have been introduced from flux or when other metals were added to the copper ore, lead so added in Bronze Age processing would usually have the same composition as the lead found in the copper ore.{{/U}} Lead isotope studies may thus prove useful for interpreting the archaeological record of the Bronze Age.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Professor Wang, your senior middle school English teacher, has been teaching for exactly thirty years. Your former classmates are going to hold a party to celebrate this special occasion. You cannot attend the party for a certain reason. So you are going to write a letter to Professor Wang to express your congratulations as well as your apology for failing to show up in the party. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use" Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethecartoonbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythecartoon,and3)giveyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题The benefits of some environmentally friendly policies will not be apparent until decades after they have been enacted. (46) That is one of the messages of a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, which, even by the standards of global environment assessments, is sobering reading. (47) Global Environmental Outlook 3 (GE03), a study of the links between environmental, social and development issues, contains a range of dreadful but familiar predictions about the impact of factors such as climate change and industrial development. But the report, released last week in the run-up to August's World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, was unusually pessimistic about the prospects for reversing the damage. The new predictions are contained in one of four possible futures outlined in the report. The authors considered situations in which global politics were dominated by concerns over markets, environmental and social policies, security, or sustainability. These were based on attempts to calculate the effect of the different approaches on population levels, economics, technology and governance. Some of the situations produced a familiar picture. (48) In a world dominated by a market mentality, for example, land and forest ruin becomes a critical issue, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. But the sustainability situation's predictions shocked some of the authors. "The delays between changing human behaviour and environmental recovery came as the biggest surprise to the regional experts," says Jan Bakkes of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands, one of the report's authors. (49) The report found that even if environmentally friendly approaches were adopted now, carbon dioxide concentrations would continue to rise until 2050. Water shortages would continue and coastal pollution would increase slightly. Bakkes blames difficulty in changing energy and transport infrastructures. Originally used during the 1950s to simulate future conflicts, situations were revived in an improved form by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 1990s. "By adding situations to assessments you come up with a credible story about how the world might develop and can translate that into quantifiable formation." says Bert Metz, also at the Bilthoven institute and co-chair of the IPCC working group on strategies for tackling climate change. More than 1,000 scientists contributed to GEO$, which divides the world into no less than 17 different regions. (50)By contrast, the IPCC has used just four regions in previous assessments, although the panel's new chair, energy economist Rajendra Pachauri, has pledged to improve regional detail in future strudies.

问答题Directions：Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing．Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,andthen3)giveyourpointsofview．YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2．

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题Directions: You are a college graduate and try to write a letter to a foreign university, expressing .your desire of getting admitted. Write a letter of self-introduction based on the following outline: 1) an introduction of your education background and hopes; 2) giving your reasons for attending this university; 3) asking for application forms, financial aids, etc. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend's vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the '80s and '9Os, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he's working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed--just as ink is printed onto paper--onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy--to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date," says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Yourfamilyisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinotherplace.Youwanttoentrustyourpuppytooneofyourfriends.Writealettertohimincludingsuchpoints:(1)thepurposeofwritingtheletter;(2)whyyouentrusthimotherthansomeoneelse:(3)yourthanks.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)analyzethepurposeofthepainterand3)stateyourposition.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题Noise You are to write in three paragraphs according to the topic sentences of each paragraph given below. 1. Noise is becoming more and more dangerous. 2. The noises can be very harmful. 3. Drastic action must be taken if we are to reduce noise. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. These days, house price vertigo is more than a local or national condition. It's a worldwide phenomenon. (46){{U}}The American housing boom in recent years is nothing compared with the price run- up in countries like France, Spain, Britain, Ireland, Sweden and Australia, even though markets in Australia and Britain have cooled in the last year.{{/U}} Million-dollar two-bedroom apartments are not only a fixture of New York, but of London, Paris and Hong Kong. In New Zealand, housing prices rose by more than 16 percent from 2003 to 2004. In Ireland, they rose more than 10 percent in that period. The rise in prices is worrisome, because the international housing boom is a byproduct of globalization. A house on a plot of ground is the most local of assets. (47){{U}}But the financial markets that make it possible for people to borrow money to buy a house, or speculate, are increasingly open, international and linked.{{/U}} Interest rate policies in the industrialized world tend to move in lockstep, usually led by the United States. t growing community of affluent professionals around the world now buy second homes and invest in housing abroad. (48){{U}}The economic links act as a self-reinforcing network that has fueled the global surge in house prices but would also likely magnify the pain on the way down.{{/U}} The ripples would extend well beyond the housing markets. A fall in American house prices, for example, would crimp consumer spending--and free-spending Americans have supported growth in many export-minded nations, notably China. (49) {{U}}"The real concern is that the housing boom extends across so many countries this time," said Susan M. Wachter, a professor of real estate at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. "That just raises the stakes, and the risk, when the music stops. "{{/U}} The global surge in house prices is a boom by design, largely manufactured by the world's central banks, led by the Federal Reserve. And it was done for good reason..(50){{U}}Faced with a falling stock market and the collapse of the high-tech bubble, the Fed cut interest rates sharply in 2000 to try to limit the damage to the American economy and its trading partners.{{/U}} Other central banks, like the European Central Bank, quickly followed the Fed's lead. Higher government spending and tax cuts were also part of the formula. Cheap credit worldwide fueled the housing market, making mortgage payments less costly. Homeowners refinanced their mortgages at lower rates, and the savings went into consumer spending. They took out home-equity loans on houses of rising value, and spent that borrowed money on cars, clothes, furniture, restaurant meals and vacations. The higher consumer spending and the soaring value of the home nest-egg have kept the global economy chugging along.