问答题 Lee Kuan Yew (李光耀) embodies a uniquely Asian approach to governance that has often been at odds with the Western democratic principles. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}For decades, he has spoken in favor of "Asian values", a political philosophy that might be loosely summed up as respect for authority and order, while putting the good of society above that of the individual.{{/U}} His criticisms have focused on the excesses of democracy, particularly freedom of speech, and the impact they have on the search for economic growth. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}In the past, Lee has not been shy about singling out those nations in which an excess of democracy's messiness has tempered steady economic progress and the betterment of the life chances of ordinary folk.{{/U}} But the strength of his argument does not rest only on other nations' failures. For as any visitor can attest, the scale of what Lee and his colleagues have achieved by applying his principles is simply astonishing. It is an almost miraculous achievement, and one in which Lee and his colleagues take justifiable pride. It is, moreover, something that has been much admired, to the point of imitation, around the region. {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Asian leaders like Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir and Indonesia's President Suharto may rarely have chosen to admit it, but their "economy first" strategy owes much to the intelligence of this Cambridge-educated lawyer{{/U}}. Above all China's leaders have for three decades come to Singapore to listen, to learn, and to admire. Yet for all Singapore's success, there remains a feeling that it has come at a price. Lee's methods have found plenty of critics at home and abroad. {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Ordinary Singaporeans when questioned about tics of Lee and his family, without quite knowing it, they often instinctively lower their voices and glance over their shoulders.{{/U}} "People are still too frightened to talk about the taboo subjects," wrote Catherine Lim. There are few voices prepared to speak out in favor of wider democratic debate. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}For his part, Lee Kuan Yew acknowledges that there is a need to make Singaporeans less dependent on the government and to encourage more open debate{{/U}}. He insists that the ruling Party can absorb and benefit from dissenting voices. But he is determined that Singaporeans are not yet ready for the vociferous free market of ideas that typifies, for example, politics in the U.S. "I see the marketplace of ideas, as in the Philippines, and I see chaos," he says, while adding: "Gradually, we will loosen up."

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleonoverweightkidsinourcountry.Yourarticleshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:{{/I}}1)interpretethemessageconveyedbythepicture2)makeyourcommentsonthephenomenon{{I}}Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.(20points){{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text Carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The level of economic and industrial development enjoyed by a state affects the foreign policy goals it can pursue. (46) {{U}}As a general proposition, the more developed a state is economically, the more likely it is that it will play an activist role in the world political economy. {{/U}}Rich nations have interests that extend far beyond their borders and typically command the means necessary to pursue and protect them. (47) {{U}}Not coincidentally, countries that enjoy industrial capabilities and extensive involvement in international trade also tend to be militarily powerful, in part because military might is a function of economic capabilities.{{/U}} For two decades after world war two, the United States and the Soviet Union stood out as superpowers precisely because they benefited from that combination of economic and military capability including extensive arsenals of nuclear weapons and the means to deliver them anywhere, that enabled both to practice unrestrained globalism. Their imperial reach and interventionist behaviors were seemingly unrestrained by limited wealth or resources. In fact, major powers have been involved in foreign conflict more frequently than minor powers. Although economically advanced nations are more active globally, this does not mean that their privileged circumstances dictate adventuresome policies. Rich nations are usually " satisfied" ones that have much to lose from the onset of revolutionary change or global instability. (48) {{U}}For this reason, they usually perceive preservation of the status quo as serving their interests best, and they often practice international economic policies designed to protect and expand their envied position at the pinnacle of the global hierarchy.{{/U}} Levels of productivity and prosperity also affect the foreign policies of the poor states at the bottom of the hierarchy. (49) {{U}}Some respond to their economic weakness by complying subserviently with the wishes of the rich on which they depend. Others rebel defiantly, and they sometimes succeed in resisting major power efforts to control their international behavior.{{/U}} Hence efforts to generalize about the economic foundations of states' international political behavior often prove unrewarding. Levels of economic development vary widely among states in the international system, but they do not by themselves determine foreign policies. (50) {{U}}Instead the opportunities and constraints that leaders perceive in their nation's attributes, rather than the actual level of development, may be the determining source of states' international conduct.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. (46) {{U}}But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.{{/U}} From an economic standpoint, the best news may he that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (47) {{U}}Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed. {{/U}}By 2050 there will he fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma. Spending on nonacute care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death. One result of medicine's success in controlling disease will he a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (48){{U}} The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population. {{/U}}Between 1960. and 1995, the U. S. population as a whole in creased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. (49) {{U}}There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.{{/U}} U.S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37,000 in 1990. (50) {{U}}Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years.{{/U}} With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Suppose you lived at the Rehabilitation Center and were under tender care. You write a letter to extend your thanks to your staff's consideration. Begin your letter as follows: Dear staff, You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Your Mend Wang Yu, who you have not seen for quite some time, has obtained a promotion recently. Write him a letter. Because he was very kind to you in the past, you should recall some of his previous kindness and express your joy at his success. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Before you leave university you want to sell your computer. Write a note of about 100 words: 1) describing the condition of your computer; 2) how much you would like for it, and; 3) where you can be contacted. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information:A. Title: Aged People Tend to Live AloneB. Word limit: 160-200 wordsC. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should end the first paragraph with the given sentence: Why do aged people tend to live alone? Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Outline: 1) Present situation 2) Possible reasons 3) Your comment

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{U}}By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.{{/U}} There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects. There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. (47){{U}} It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease.{{/U}} (48){{U}} Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. {{/U}}(49){{U}} But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.{{/U}} The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves. The latent causes of faction are thus shown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is supplied by the republican principle, which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote…When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular government, on the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens. (50) {{U}}To secure the public good and private rights, against the danger of such a faction, and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government, is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…{{/U}}

问答题The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the table below. Country GNP per head (US dollqrs) Daily calorie supply per head Life expectancy at birth (years) Infant mortality rates (per 1000live births) Bangladesh 140 1877 40 132 Bolivia 570 2086 50 124 Egypt 690 2950 56 97 Indonesia 580 2296 49 87 USA 13160 3652 74 12

问答题Opinion polls are now beginning to show that whoever is to blame, and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to threat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has Been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. 46)The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought max have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(令人气馁的)thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has no meant economic freedom. 47)Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and the 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. 48)Later t as transport improved, first by rail and then by boat, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. 49)As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. 50)The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

问答题Directions: 2008 Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing. Now the Beijing Olympic Games Committee is now recruiting volunteers to serve the games in many aspects such as interpreters, security assistants, medical assistants, and backup teams. You are expected to write a letter of self-recommendation to the committee to apply for the suitable vacancy of volunteers. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not show in the letter any specific information of your college or university; Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use" Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Lie detectors are widely used in the United States to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not. 21 Polygraphers, the people who operate them, claim that they can establish guilt by detecting physiological changes that accompany emotional stress. The technique adopted is to ask leading questions such as: "Did you take the money?" or "Where did you hide the money?" mixed in with neutral questions, and measure the subject"s electrical resistance in the palm or changes in his breathing and heart rate. Such apparatus has obtained widespread recognition. Whether lie detectors will ever be adopted on a similar scale in Britain is still a matter of opinion. 22 At first sight, it appears obvious that any simple, reliable method of convicting guilty people is valuable, but recent research sponsored by the U.S. Office of Public Health not only raises doubts about how lie detectors should be used but also makes it questionable whether they should be employed at all. 23 The point is that, apart from many of the polygraphers being unqualified the tests themselves are by no means free from error, primarily because they discount human imagination and ingenuity. Think of all those perfectly innocent people, with nothing to be afraid of, who blush and stammer when a customs officer asks them if they have anything to declare. Fear, and a consequently heightened electrical response, may not be enough to establish guilt. It depends on whether the subject is afraid of being found out or afraid of being wrongfully convicted. 24 On the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving exaggerated responses to neutral ones! The success rate of up to 90% claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive. If we refer such a figure to a company with 500 employees, twenty of whom are thieves, the lie detector could catch 18 of them but in doing so would place 32 innocent employees under suspicion. The problem for the management would therefore become one of deciding how much industrial unrest they are prepared to cause in order to eliminate theft. 25 What concerns research workers even more, of course, is the fact that a certain number of innocent people are bound to be convicted of crimes they have not committed.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethedrawingandinterpretitsmeaning,2.Andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

问答题Directions: You were knocked down by a taxi the other day; a passer-by sent you to the hospital. Write a letter to the person to express your gratitude. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

问答题The discovery last week of possible evidence of life on Mars has electrified debate over whether the universe is a barren void or a nursery pregnant with life. Scientists who have come stunningly close to repeating genesis, or the origin of life, in a test tube, say the building blocks for life exist everywhere. The challenge is putting them together. (46) "The origin of life is a relatively easy concept and there's a wide variety of conditions under which it will take place," said late Stanley Miller, a professor at the University of California and a pioneer in the field. "Perhaps the remarkable thing is that even though Mars is not a favorable environment, the origin of life took place. " Astronomers have found that the same gases present in our solar system are present throughout the universe. (47)Efforts to make microscopic life from these basic elements on Earth suggests the chance of life arising under similar circumstances is the same everywhere, say chemists, biologists and other experts. "It seems fairly likely that life similar to ours, if there is water available '" would evolve in other environments in our galaxy or our universe," said James Ferris, a leading researcher and editor of the journal "Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere." Underlying much of the research is the question.. Was the development of life on Earth unique, or did the universe's chemical elements naturally evolve into life? (48) The answer appears to be that at least the chemical reactions that set the stage for early life would be similar everywhere, but resultant living organisms would differ because of the genetic mutations in evolution. "If you've got the same starting materials and the same conditions, you're going to get the a me compounds, that's for sure," Miller said. "The real question is whether or not there are chance elements in the formation of life." (49) In a 1953 experiment, Miller mixed basic gases approximating the Earth's early atmosphere with an electric charge inside a glass chamber and produced amino acids, a primitive building block of life. He then suggested that life was a natural evolution. It seemed that science was on the verge of conjuring up creations in the laboratory, but the next 43 years were to present unexpected challenges. (50) "Making the amino acids made it seem like the rest of the steps would be very easy; it's turned out to be more difficult than I thought it would be," Miller said in an interview.

问答题Directions:Title: The Importance of Science and Technology in Modern LifeOutline:1. Science and technology are necessary nowadays.2. Many changes in people's life caused by the development of science and technology.3. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Our daily existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work many hours a day and we allow the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping. 46) The rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment. We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. 47) It is, I suppose, the decline of active play — of amateur sport — and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem . If the greater part of the population, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure "viewing" television programs, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. In addition, we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. 48) There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who have seen them. 49) It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work. Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living. Some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing. 50) There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.