问答题Directions: You have just received a short message from your father informing that your mother is very ill and you want to ask for one week's leave. Write a note (便笺) to your Office Head Mr. Wang about it. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. For the first time in decades, doctors have begun making major changes in the treatment of lung cancer, based on research proving that chemotherapy can significantly lengthen life for many patients for whom it was previously thought to be useless. The shift in care applies to about 50,000 people a year in the United States who have early cases of the most common form of the disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and whose tumors are removed by surgery. (46) {{U}}Many of these patients, who just a few years ago would have been treated with surgery alone, are now being given chemotherapy as well, just as it is routinely given after surgery for breast or colon (结肠)cancer.{{/U}} The new approach has brightened a picture that was often bleak. "The benefit is at least as good, and maybe better than in the other cancers," said Dr. John Minna, a lung cancer expert and research director at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. He said new discoveries were helping to eliminate doctors' "nihilistic" attitudes about chemotherapy for lung cancer. "The standard of care has changed," said Dr. Christopher G. Azzoli, a lung cancer specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. (47) {{U}}A major impetus for the change came a year ago, when two studies presented at a cancer conference showed marked increases in survival in patients who received adjuvant (辅助的)chemotherapy, meaning the drugs were given after surgery.{{/U}} In one study of 482 patients in Canada and the United States, led by Dr. Timothy Winton, a surgeon from the University of Alberta, 69 percent of patients who had surgery and chemotherapy were still alive five years later, as compared with 54 percent who had just surgery. The patients were given a combination of two drugs, cisplatin and vinorelbine, once a week for 16 weeks. In the world of lung cancer research, a survival difference of 15 percentage points is enormous. (48) {{U}}Overall, the patients given chemotherapy lived 94 months, versus 73 months in those who had only surgery--also a huge difference in a field in which a treatment is hailed as a success if it gives patients even three or four extra months.{{/U}} A second study, also announced at the conference last year, had similar findings, and so did a third, presented just a month ago at the annual meeting of the same cancer group, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, At major medical centers, doctors quickly began to put the results into practice. (49) {{U}}"The findings were so stunning from these studies a year ago that they began to change the standard of care," said Dr. Pasi Janne, a lung cancer specialist at the-Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. {{/U}}"Over the last year, the number of patients we've had referred here for adjuvant chemotherapy has gone up steadily." (50) {{U}}But some doctors hesitated to make changes, Dr. Winton said, wanting first to see the studies published in a medical journal, which would mean the data had stood up to the scrutiny(仔细的检查) of editors and expert reviewers.{{/U}} Now, his study has become the first of the three to pass that test. It is being published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, along with an editorial by Dr. Katherine M. S. Pisters, a lung cancer specialist at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

问答题Outline:1. We may have some bad habits that we are ashamed of.2. To get rid of a bad habit, we have, first of all, to come to realize how bad it really is.3. To get rid of a bad habit, we also need courage and determination.4. However, we should never stop trying to get rid of bad habits.

问答题Every immigrant leads a double life. Every immigrant has a double identity and a double vision, being suspended between an old and a new home, an old and a new self. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The very notion of a new home, of course, is in a sense as impossible as the notion of new parents: parents are who they are; home is what it is.{{/U}} Yet home, like parentage, must be legitimized through love; otherwise, it is only a fact of geography or biology.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Most immigrants to America found their love of their old homes betrayed: They did not really abandon their countries; their countries abandoned them, and in America, they found the possibility of a new love, the chance to nurture new selves.{{/U}} Not uniformly, not without exceptions. Every generation has its Know-Nothing movement. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Its understandable fear and hatred of alien invasion is as true today as it always was, but in spite of all this, the American attitude remains unique{{/U}}. Throughout history, exile has been a calamity; America turned it into a triumph and placed its immigrants in the center of a national epic. The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country.{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}America has nothing to do with loyalty to a dynasty and very little to do with loyalty to a particular place, but everything to do with loyalty to a set of principles{{/U}}. To immigrants, those principles are especially real because so often they were absent or violated in their native lands. It was no accident in the '60s and '70s, when alienation was in flower, that it often seemed to be "native" Americans who felt alienated, while aliens or the children of aliens upheld the native values. "Home is where you are happy." Sentimental, perhaps, and certainly not conventionally patriotic, but is appropriate for a country that wrote the pursuit of happiness into its founding document. That pursuit continues for the immigrant in America, and it never stops, but it comes to rest at a certain moment. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The moment occurs perhaps when the immigrant's double life and double vision converge toward a single state of mind, when the old life, the old home fade into a certain unreality: places one merely visits, practicing the tourism of memory{{/U}}. It occurs when the immigrant learns his ultimate lesson: above all countries, America, if loved, returns love.

问答题It is difficult to see how one can teach if one is not learning. But there are some distinctions to be made here. To rely on last year's notes, or -- even worse -- one's last year's memory, as if that would always be an adequate basis for passing on knowledge, is to mistake what human knowledge is. 46. And so the assimilation of books, the reading of articles, the pursuit of matters of concern will be crucial to one's ability to introduce and develop a student's ability to participate in a specific universe of discourse. Research might be thought to be another matter especially if it is defined as adding to the sum total of human knowledge. 47. The expansion of higher education which has taken place, and more particularly the expansion which is likely to take place, simply makes it unlikely that all those who are legitimately involved in the teaching and who fulfill their responsibilities utterly in that regard, are themselves all capable of adding anything worth having to the sum total of human knowledge. It seems best, therefore, not to assume it, and not to presume what in principle is undeliverable. On the other hand, an institution of higher education which is not committed as a community to research will be defective. 48. The limit of what we know must be apparent, the means and opportunities of inquiry must be understood, the value of research shared, even if it is only some members of a department, a faculty or an institution who are actually engaged in it. Scholarship is for all; research for those who are most adept. 49. Of course, a proper celebration of the role of teaching and the art of the teacher will help to put fight the very serious disparity of esteem which is affecting our judgment in this area. But all this has implications for staff development. The distribution of resources by the institution will be a judgment on its moral perspective. So the identification and support of ways in which teaching can be improved, will be as important as the development of research in the life of an academic community. 50. Something significant is done by the support of scholarship, by financing attendance at conferences; but attention to teaching styles and learning strategies through courses, discussion, visiting lectures, schools, may all be as important.

问答题Man first appeared on earth about 2 million years ago. Then he was little more than an animal; but early man had a big advantage over the animals. He had in his brain special groups of nerve cells, not present in animals, that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men. 46) This ability to speak was of great value because it allowed men to share ideas, and to plan together, so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully undertaken by intelligent team-work . Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased. It was this special ability that put men far ahead of other living creatures in the struggle for existence. 47) He mastered darkness first with dim lights and later with brighter and brighter lamps, until he can now make for himself so dazzling a light with an arc lamp that, like the sun, it is too strong for his naked eyes. 48) Man found that his own muscles were too weak for the work which he wanted to do; he explored many other forms of power until now he has his hands on the ultimate source of physical energy, the nuclear power . From man"s earliest days the flight of birds has raised his wonder and desire. Why should he not fly as they did? Then he began to experiment. At last he learnt how to make the right machines to carry him through the air. Now he can fly faster than sound. Already he has plans for conquering space, and a series of experiments has been completed. 49) It will not be long now before man takes a giant step away from his planet and visits the moon, learning what it is like to have no weight to his body, no upward direction and no downward. Man, always a wanderer, has to overcome the difficulty of adapting himself to different climates. 50) Fortunately, in spite of having no thick skin or warm fur to protect him, he is peculiarly strong compared with other living creatures, most of whom are unable to live far outside the region that suits them best.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The teaching of English as a second language (ESL) in schools has had a history of conflicting arguments, interesting innovations and some very positive methodological changes. To understand the present situation, it is necessary to consider the past and the wider educational context which has a hearing on it. Until quite recently, approaches to ESL work have been strongly influenced by methods developed to teach English as a foreign language to older learners. These methods placed much emphasis on drills, exercises and remedial programs that focus on language in abstraction. 46) {{U}}The prescriptive nature of such methods and the demands they made on the teacher's time developed the belief that ESL work could be tackled only by the specialist ESL teacher working with small groups of children.{{/U}} Such an approach does not fit comfortably into current notions of learning and teaching in the primary school, nor does it sufficiently equip ESL learners in the secondary school to benefit from normal schooling. 47) {{U}}In prescribing what language is to be taught, it has ignored what children bring to the learning task and the choices they make about how and what they want to learn.{{/U}} Furthermore, the location and organization of language provision did not measure up to the demand. 48){{U}}The language centers and English language services all contributed to providing special and concentrated teaching of English as a second language in small groups, varying in size from four or five to fifteen.{{/U}} Whatever the pattern of provision, the main aim was to give pupils sufficient English to enable them to join normal schools as quickly as possible. The success of such special provision depended very much on the close and constant liaison of language teachers with the subject teachers and the class teachers and on the continuity of learning experiences provided by them. 49){{U}}One of the important disadvantages of language centers and withdrawal groups was that ESL children were being taught away from those English -speakers who provide the most powerful models, i. e. their peer group.{{/U}} Peer-group interaction is an important element in any learning situation, but its particular strengths in a classroom with ESL learners cannot be overemphasized. 50) {{U}}The separation of second language learners from the mainstream classroom cannot easily be justified on educational grounds, since in practice it leads to both their curriculum and language learning being impoverished. {{/U}}{{B}}Notes:{{/B}} context 环境。bear on 对......有影响，关系到...... 。例如：I don't see how this bears on the matter. (我不明白这一点与那些事的关系。)liaison n. 联结。liaison of A with A与B之间的联系。

问答题Directions: Your friend David has experienced a typhoon. Write a letter to: 1) express your concerns, 2) send your wishes. 3) offer your assistance, and You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)analyzethepurposeofthepainterand3)stateyourposition.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) (46) The message of the first Earth Day—April 22, 1970—had a certain innocence, filled with a certain can-do-ism: individual actions would roll back the damage done to the planet. The emphasis on the individual was picked up in best sellers like "50 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet", as well as in public-service campaigns that drove us to carpool, bicycle to work, recycle, and boycott rain-forest wood. Earth Day 2000—April 22—reflects a new ethos. The theme of events that will be staged in the 185 participating countries is climate change and the threats—rising seas, shifting agricultural zones, more extreme weather—that a warmer world poses. The Earth Day 2000 slogan, " Clean Energy Now!" calls for replacing energy sources that produce heat-trapping greenhouse gases with energy sources (solar electricity, wind power) that do not. (47) Although some of the most eco- righteous have unplugged their homes from the electricity supply net in favor of solar panels on their roofs and fuel cells in their basements, at the rate that is happening there will be orange plantation~ in Alaska, before the greenhouse effect is forced into submission. (48) Royal Dutch/Shell is reducing emissions of greenhouse gases at its plants by 2002 to a projected 25% below the levels of 1990, to 100 million tons. For an equivalent annual cut, every car in New England would have to be taken off the road for five years. (49) Boeing's lighting up- grade reduced its use of electricity for lighting 90% and saves 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide every year, to achieve which aim some 500,000 people would have had to change to energy-saving light bulb. None of this is to say that individual decisions do not matter. They do the aimless movement from cars to SUVs has resulted in some 200 million more tons of carbon-dioxide emissions every year than if everyone had stayed with his nice little Taurus. (50) But individuals can exert a greater force for environmental good by pressuring corporations and governments than by lecturing their big car-driving friends.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to recommend your friend, Zhang Ying, who is applying for a job to teach Chinese in America. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3)giveyourpointofview.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleonoverweightkidsinourcountry.Yourarticleshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements1)interpretethemessageconveyedbythepicture2)makeyourcommentsonthephenomenonYoushouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.