填空题[A]Althoughtheimpetusbehindlocation-basedtrackingwaspublicsafety,manycompaniesareexploringcommercialopportunitiesaswell.Severalcompaniesnowoffernon-emergencytrackingforamonthlyfeeofabout$15～$25.[B]Cellphoneshavebecomesoconvenientandaffordablethatinsomecasespeoplearereplacingtheirtraditionalphoneswithcellphones.Thesophisticationofcellphonetechnologyisincreasingatarapidpace.Itisimportanttoconsiderhowthistechnologyimpactsyourprivacywhenyoupurchaseanduseyourcellphone.[C]Groupsoffriendsarealsoexpectedtobeabletosign-upforlocation-basedtrackingservicesinthefuture.Companies,seekingtocapitalizeonpopularcomputersocialnetworks,suchasFriendsteraridMySpace,wouldallowfriendstotrackthelocationofeachother.Theservicewouldlikelyworksimilarlytothesocialnetworksontheinternet,whereonefriendwouldsendamessagetoanotheraskingthemtoauthorizethelocationtracking.Oncethepairoffriendswerelinked,eachpersoncouldsendrestaurantandmoviereviewsorevenweatherreportsdependingonthelocationoftheirfriend.[D]Inthepast,yourgenerallocationcouldbeverifiedbylookingatyourphonerecordstodeterminewhichtowerwasusedtoconnectyourcall.Now,yourlocationcanoftenbepinpointedinrealtimeifyourphoneisturnedon.Mostcurrent-modelphonesnowincludeGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)chips,whichcandetermineyourcoordinatesbyconnectingtosatellites.Itislikelythatthetrendofincludinglocation-trackingcomponentswillcontinueascellphonemanufacturerscomplywiththeFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)Enhanced911(E911)rule.[E]Theprivacypoliciesofcommerciallocation-trackingcompaniesusuallyrestricttheirservicestoeithertheactualownerofthecellphone,theparentofthecellphoneuseroremployer-ownedphones.Pleasebeawarethatifyouareusingaphoneorvehicleprovidedbyyouremployer,underthecurrentlawyouremployercanuseGPStomonitoryouduringworkhours.[F]Oneofthenewestcommercialformsofnon-emergencytrackingisaimedatparents.Inthenextyear,severalcompaniesareexpectedtopitchmonitoringservicestoparents.Theseserviceswouldallowparentstomonitortheirchild'slocationbytrackingtheircellphone.Aparentwouldbeabletoturnontheircomputerandlocatetheirchild—andevenwatchasthechildtravelsfromplacetoplace.Inadditiontotrackingthelocation,thesemonitoringservicescouldsendtextmessagestochildrenwhotraveltoofarfromparent-approvedlocations.Textmessagesmayalsobeusedtoalertparentsifastrangerorhackerattemptstousetheservicetolocatetheirchild.[G]TheFCC'sE911initiativerequirescellphonecarrierstobeabletopinpointtheircustomers'locationwithin100meters,soemergencyresponderscanreachtheminacrisis.However,phoneswithGPSchipscanactuallyfindyouwithinafewfeet.Ninety-fivepercentofcellphonesmustbeE911compliantbytheendof2005.Althoughseveralphonecarriershaveaskedforextensions,inthefuturenearlyallcellphoneswillhavelocation-trackingfeatures.Order:

填空题A. Create a new image of yourself B. Have confidence in yourself C. Decide if the time is right D. Understand the context E. Work with professionals F. Make it efficient G. Know your goals No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between today"s workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing. So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what"s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 1 As an executive coach, I"ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you"re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you"re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others per ceive you. Maybe there"s no need for an upgrade and that"s OK. 2 Get clear on what impact you"re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modem and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It"s OK to use characterizations like that.) 3 Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact. 4 Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a pro fessional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It"s not as expensive as you might think. 5 The point of a style upgrade isn"t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

填空题[A]ABBCtelevisionserieshasraisedthequestionofwhethercatsshouldbekeptindoorsatnight.Wildlifeexpertssaykeepingcatslockedupfromdusktodawnwillpreventmuchofthecarnagetheycreate,andwillalsomeantheyarelesslikelytoberunover.MammalexpertProfessorSteveHarris,fromBristolUniversity,said,"Themessageisclear,mostpeopleareheartilysickofhavingtheirneighbors'catsintheirgardens".[B]Eventoday,someviewtheblackcatasanomenofmisfortune.EventheEnglishlanguageisstackedagainstthemoggy.Spitefulpeoplearedubbedasbeing"catty".Araucouscryisa"caterwaul".Atwork,agreedy,lazybossisa"fatcat".[C]AnewsurveyintheUKindicatesthatcatscomesecondonlytoratsasthelatestfavorite,mammaltovisitourgardens.TheUK's10millioncatshavehaditroughoflate,drawingharshcriticismbecauseoftheirbloodlustandhabitofviewingthendtion'sgardensastheirownpersonaltoilets.[D]ThoughtheanimalsaretheUK'sfavoritepets,Britishgardenershavestruckbackbycrowningthecatasoneofthemostunwelcomevisitorstotheirplots--votingthemonlyslightlymorepopularthanratsinthenewpoll.[E]TheMammalSociety,whichconductedthesurveysayscatscutaswathethroughthenation'swildlife,killingaround300millionanimalseveryyear."Catsaresolitarypredatoryhunter.Peopleaskwhytheykillwhentheyareclearlywell-fed--butacat'smotivationtohuntisquiteseparatefromitsdesiretosatisfyhunger."Evenwithafullstomach,acatcannotresistthestimuliofpreypassingnearby,saysMs.Heath,authorofWhyDoesMyCat."ltdoesn'tmakesenseforacattowaituntilit'shungrytocatchfood--theremaybenonearoundthen.Bettertohuntwhenthere'stheopportunityandhidethefoodaway."[F]But,tobefair,theBritishcan'thatecatsthatmuch.ArecentreportfoundthatthegenerosityoftheBritishtowardsthecathascausedoneinfourofthecreaturestobecomeclinicallyobese.[G]Britain'sgardenershaverevealedoneoftheirgreatestpethates--otherpeople'scats.Okay,they'resadisticmurderers,butisitfairthatcatshavebeenratedasbeingasdetestableasratsinapollofBritishgardeners?Order:

填空题A. Have enough information B. Listen to your Gremlin C. Test them against your values D. Respect your doubts E. Trust your gut F. Weigh up the pro's and con's G. It just doesn't matter 5 Ways to Stop Second Guessing Yourself Some years ago I remember standing in my kitchen, staring silently at my boxes of cereal, trying to decide which to have for breakfast. I stood there for 5 minutes, until--utterly frustrated--I marched out of the house and went without. Fortunately I've learned to make decisions more quickly and more easily now, and when I notice that second-guessing and doubting starting to kick in, I kick it right back. So here are 5 ways to make confident decisions. (41) ______. So many times we have to make decisions without a framework and no way to judge between two choices. When faced with a tricky decision it's often a good idea to line up your choices and ask "Which one of these most honors the things that mean the most to me?" The decision that's most in line with the things that mean the most to you--your core values--will be the best decision for you. That might not be the simplest or most practical, but because it fits with who you are and what's most important to you it will always be the best decision for you. (42)______. When I was growing up I used to love rainy Sunday afternoons watching Columbo (an American crime fiction TV series). What Columbo had bundles of was a great trust in his intuition. In every episode, from the very moment he first meets the bad guy, he knows "whodunit"--and he always trusts that. So look at what your intuition tells you is the 'right' decision for you. Forget about all the "What if's" and the myriad, tiny details--what is your gut telling you? Listen to your intuition, it knows what it's talking about. (43)______. My decision between breakfast cereals wasn't a big deal. Whichever one I chose, there were never going to be any huge consequences and the ripples from that decision wouldn't have been felt much further than the end of my spoon. Sometimes it just doesn't matter which way you go. It's easy to get wrapped up in second guessing yourself, going round in circles and over-complicating things, when--if you get right down to it--it just doesn't matter. Going round in circles is only going to make you dizzy, so stop it. Ask yourself this question-if your future happiness wasn't dependent on your decision, which way would you go? (44)______. Go and get the facts before you make a complex decision. By all means weigh up the pro's and con's so that you can get an understanding of what's behind a choice. But be careful--there's a huge difference between knowing enough to make a choice, and knowing everything to make a choice. When you feel yourself pursuing every fact or every piece of information before you make a decision, stop yourself. Ask "What do I really need to know to make this decision?" and focus your efforts on getting the best information relatively quickly. (45)______. We all naturally shy away from change, and we've developed a whole bunch of tricks that make it easy for us to avoid making decisions and stay exactly where we are. That part of you is often called the "Gremlin", and it's the part of you that would rather avoid making decisions altogether rather than run the risk of making a bad one or screwing up. Your Gremlin is not the same thing as having doubts, which are valid concerus about a possible course of action, or reasonable concerns about what might be in store. Your doubts can help you prepare for change and get ready for what could happen. Your Gremlin is adept at feeding on your doubts and using them to get you to stay put, so knowing the difference between your Gremlin and your valid doubts helps you clarify what's real and what's imagined, what's relevant and what's irrelevant.

填空题Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should we? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom? This may sound like a fanciful concern, but it is an increasingly real one. The new federal transportation bill, for example, authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments — but by making the crime practically impossible to commit. (41)______ The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the "perfect prevention" of crime: depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place. The federal government's Intelligent Transportation Systems program, which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights, could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light. (42)______ Such technologies force us to reconcile two important interests. On one hand is society's desire for safety and security. On the other hand is the individual's right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime, but punishing them if they do. The perfect prevention of crime asks us to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends. Does freedom include a "right" to drive drunk, for instance? It is hard to imagine that it does. (43)______ For most familiar crimes (murder, robbery, rape, arson), the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind, whether it is intent, recklessness or negligence. (44)______ In such cases, using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom ; it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute. Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense, the government could require, for instance, that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills, thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible, without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller. But because the government must not intrude on people's thoughts, perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses. (45)______ Even if this could be known, perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan, collecting such knowledge would violate an individual's freedom of thought. Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention, and for strict liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly. But for most offenses, the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach. This is not because people have a right to commit crimes; they do not. Rather, perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts, even when those thoughts turn to crime. [A] But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor's state of mind: so-called strict-liability offenses. One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving. [B] The Dadss program, despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving, is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers' behavior and controls individual's free will. [C] And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions, making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials, including video games. [D] If the actor doesn't have the guilty state of mind, and he commits crime involuntarily, in this case, the actor will be convicted as innocent. [E] Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state. [F] The program, the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (Dadss), is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver's blood-alcohol level and, if that level is above the legal limit, prevents the car from starting. [G] But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom. We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.

填空题[A] Share the Responsibility [B] Keep Your Receipts [C] Cut Bad Habits [D] Balance Your Checkbook [E] Remain Flexible [F] Pay Down Debt [G] Focus on Savings You have a big expense coming up. You need a better car, or a bigger home, or you want to go back to college. What do you do? Borrow, borrow, borrow——right? Well, maybe not. If you"ve created a budget, you know exactly how much money you have coming in, and how much is going out. You can make some plans concerning that big expense. But if you don"t have a budget plan, you probably don"t have a very good picture of your finances, and you may be tempted to borrow more money rather than squeezing all you can from your income. It"s definitely better in the long run——for you and for your money——to have a budget. 41.______ By now, you"ve set up your budget. You know how much money you have. But you could still use some help staying on budget. Here are some tips that can help you stick to your budget and get ahead on that major purchase. Determine the amount of your budget that you can afford to save each month. Have it direct-deposited to your savings account, or to your mutual fund. Wherever you decide to keep your savings, make sure you put money into it every month. That savings will make a big difference for you later. 42. ______ Whether it"s alcohol or tobacco, if you use much of either, you know how expensive bad habits can be. Stop smoking and drinking, and put the beer/cigarette money toward your other expenses. You"ll see your bills come down——and feel your health improve——in no time. You"ll also save on health care expenses down the road, and you may become eligible for lower insurance premiums. 43.______ Make sure you"re not the only member of your household concerned about your budget. If you"re working hard to save money, but your spouse is out spending you into debt, you"re fighting a losing battle. Sit down together and make a plan to determine how much spending money you should each have. Then, check in every week to see how well you"re doing. If the entire family shares the responsibility for the budget, everyone can cut back just a little and make a big difference. One person shouldn"t have to shoulder the entire burden alone. 44.______ If you have credit card debt, you may feel like it"s going to take forever to pay it off. But you can get ahead by choosing one card——ideally, the one with the highest interest rate—— and paying as much as you can on it every month. If you have other cards, pay the minimum balance on those until you"ve paid off the first card. Then, choose the next card and pay extra on it while you pay minimums on the others. If you pay only the minimums on all your cards, you"ll be paying a lot more in interest than you may realize. 45.______ You probably monitored your expenses for several weeks to make a budget. Once the budget is made, though, it can be tempting to stop keeping up with every little expense. But keeping track really can help you stick to your budget. Save your receipts, and write down the places you spend money. You"ll be less likely to overspend if you realize how much money has actually gone through your hands.

填空题[A] The Need for Science[B] The Methods of Science[C] The Challenge of Unsolved Problems[D] The Specific Features of the Laws of Science[E] The Steps in Establishing a Scientific Theory[F] The Rapid Increase of Scientific Knowledge It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the "controlled experiment".41.____________ In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.42.____________ The "laws" of science differ from the "laws" of a country in two ways. First, a scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the "law" would lead one to expect. The "law" may, in fact, have to be abandoned altogether. Second, a scientific "law" says, "This is likely to be the explanation", or "This accounts for the facts as far as we know them". But the "law" of the country says, "You must...' or "You must not..." The scientific "law' has no moral force; it is not binding on human behavior nor approved or opposed by human conscience.43.____________ The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out. The rapidity of the growth of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.44.____________ The vast mass of information which scientists have gained has provided the answer to the fundamental questions which, through the centuries, have puzzled and sometimes tortured the human mind. There are many such questions. The study of parasites has provided evidence that organisms which could be self-supporting have become parasites, but hardly any light has been shed on the problem of why they should have done so. What enables an organism to respond to the poisonous secretions of harmful bacteria and organize its resources to defend its life?...45.____________ To raise the standard of living in any country, two things are required: scientific knowledge, and a population sufficiently educated to understand how to apply it. Without the latter, the expected benefits will not come.Notes: ado麻烦，忙乱。be binding on对......有约束力。parasite 寄生虫。shed light on 使某事物更清楚些。 secretion分泌物。

填空题As you crest a rise on Mississippi's Highway 63, just north of Pascagoula and the Gulf coast, the vista unfolds. A calm brown waterway flows beneath the bridge, interlaced with palm-treed fingers of land; a chaos of water towers, cranes and derricks is revealed in the distance. The near view gives the region its charm; the distant one sustains it. The oil industry and shipbuilding both thrive along the coast. (41) Signal International, a marine-fabrication firm, brought around 500 welders and pipe fitters from India—most of them from the southern state of Kerala, many of whom had laboured in various Arab Gulf states—to work in its shipyards in Pascagoula and Orange, Texas. The workers allege that they paid exorbitant sums to recruiters in India (up to $20,000), who promised them green cards. But once they arrived, they were harassed, intimidated and kept in cramped and isolated conditions. (42) (43) They, like the Indians, were brought to America on H-2B visas, given for temporary employment in non-agricultural fields. Like much of America's rickety immigration system, the H-2B programme draws scorn from all sides. Companies in such industries as forestry and fisheries depend heavily on guest workers. But since 1990 the H-2B has been capped at a paltry 66,000 a year. Even with exemptions for workers who extend their visas, that cap has been hit every year but one. In 2008 American companies requested nearly 294,000 H-2Bs. Unions, for their part, fret that guest workers take jobs from willing Americans, as well as driving down wages and benefits. And immigrant-rights advocates point to the potential for abuse inherent in the programme. (44) Their visas are tied to their jobs, which deters complaint. Mary Bauer, the legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Centre, a civil-rights programme that has represented numerous H-2B plaintiffs (including the Indian workers suing Signal), says that temporary workers appeal to employers because "they cannot work for anybody else. They have to accept any terms imposed on them. They have to borrow a substantial amount of money to get here, and almost anything asked of them they feel obligated to tolerate and do. " Things may be getting better. In February Superior Forestry Service, which provides the forest industry with immigrant workers, agreed to a $2.75m settlement in a suit brought by 2,200 workers who claimed they were short-changed on wages (the company denies malfeasance). (45) It won't make everyone happy, but at least it should make some people a bit less unhappy. A. Although temporary agricultural workers are guaranteed housing, travel expenses, firm hours of work and access to lawyers, H-2B visa-holders are promised only prevailing local wages. B. They are now suing both Signal and the recruiters, who are also being sued by Signal—which claims that they misled the company as well as the workers. C. Furthermore, for American corporations, the more workers from overseas they possess, the more benefits they get. D. But the population has waned, displaced by hurricanes, so companies must look elsewhere for their workers. The results are not always happy ones. E. However, less workers are needed in some corporations, such as forestry and fisheries that have enough staff from immigrants. F. And in December 2009 Bernie Sanders, a senator from Vermont, introduced a bill that would provide guest workers with travel expenses and access to lawyers, regulate foreign recruiters and prevent companies that have massively laid off local staff from hiring immigrants. G. Just west of Pascagoula, in Gulfport, a group of Brazilian welders and pipe fitters have made similar allegations against another marine-fabrication firm.

填空题A.Indeed,suchcollaborationsattheinstitutionallevelmustbeginwithstrongerinteractionbetweentheofficesthathaveoversightofresearchandinternationalaffairs.Universityresearchandinternationalofficescanpartneronincentivesandproceduralchanges(e.g.internationaltravelawards,promotionandtenureguidelinesthatencourageoutreach,etc.)aswellaslobbyfederalagenciestoprovidemorefundingformulti-institutionalcollaborativeprojects.Theseofficescanalsohelpstrategicallymapandforecastemergingresearchfields;identifygapsinexpertise,instrumentation,andresources;findforeignpartnersthatcancomplementinstitutionalprioritiesandstrengths,includingsharingofhigh-technologyequipment;facilitateinterdisciplinaryconnections;andpromotetargeteddomesticandinternationalinstitutional,multidisciplinary,andmultilaterallinkages.B.Forexample,newgenerationinfluenzavaccinesarosefromcollaborationsbetweenUSandJapanesepharmaceuticalcompanies;informationtechnologyandcybersecuritytoolsweredevelopedbytheUSDepartmentofDefensewithinternationalallies;andcleanenergyandlowcarbontechnologiesfromjointworkbyaconsortiumofUSandChineseuniversities,nationallaboratories,andprivatesectorcompanies.C.InorderforUSresearchuniversitiestoremaincompetitiveintoday'sknowledge-and-innovation-drivenglobaleconomy,itisessentialtoexpandresearchandscholarlycollaborationsandforgepartnershipsinternationally.Inrecentyears,thevalueofinternationalcollaborationhasbeenincreasinglyemphasizedbyfederalagencies,includingtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichnowencouragesmorecross-bordercooperationinscience,technology,andeducation.D.ThedecreaseinUS-basedglobalcollaborationsshouldconcernourscienceandtechnologypolicymakersandinstitutionalleaders.Suchworldlypartnershipsareessentialforproducingthebestscienceandremainingcompetitiveintheglobalscientificcommunity.Anyoneuniversitycannotsustainbroadexpertiseandinfrastructureinalldisciplinaryareas.Inadditiontodomesticcollaborations,transnationalpartnershipscanalsoprovideopportunitiesforgreaterresearchsynergiesandcomplementarities.Thesecollaborationsalsoincreasethebreadthofscientificinquiryandhaveacceleratedthecommercializationofresearcharoundtheglobe.E.Someuniversitiesalreadyoffersuchservices,andthesupporthasresultedinnewinternationalresearchtravelawards,targetedworkshops,intra-institutionalandtransnationalinterdisciplinarycollaborations.Clearly,newuniversityorganizationalandoperationalinstitutionsthatpromoteinternationalcollaborationcanhelpadvanceresearchproductivityandimpact,andareneededtocomplementnationalandinternationalinitiatives.F.However,the2012NSFreporthighlightedsomeconcerns.Asindicatedinthereport,twodirectmeasuresofinternationalcollaborationarecoauthorshipofresearchpublicationswithforeignresearchersandco-patentswithforeigninventors.Overthepastdecade,thenumberofpaperspublishedbyUSresearcherswithinternationalcollaboratorshasremainedrelativelyfiat,increasingonlyat1-2percenteachyear.Furthermore,thetotalnumberofpatentsfiledjointlyunderthePatentCooperationTreatybyUSandforeigninventorsin2010was5,440,a6percentdecreaseovertheprevious3years.G.Withoutadoubt,strongrelationshipsbetweenindividualresearchersarethemostcommonandstrongestindicatorofproductivity.Scientistsidentifycolleagueswithwhomtheywouldliketowork,andthesefriendshipstranslateintolong-termcollaborations,studentexchanges,andscientificandcreativeoutputs.Forexample,amongWSU'stop20researchers,16haveextensiveinternationalcollaborations,with32percentoftheirpeer-reviewedpublicationsbeinginternationallycoauthored.Butuniversitiescanalsoplayabiggerroleinpromotinginternationalresearchpartnerships.Order:

填空题[A]Hereisaguidelinetoevaluateyourcurrentposture.Stepinfrontofamirrorandobservethefollowing:Areyoushouldersparalleltothefloororaretheyinclinedtoanyside?Theyhavetobeparalleltothefloorandatthesamelevel.Isyourchinparalleltothefloor?Thechinhastobeparalleltothefloor.Areyourearsinlinewithyourshoulders?Thishelpstokeeptheheadintherightplace.Areyourkneesstraightorareyoulockingthemback?Thekneesshouldberelaxedandcentered,notforward,andnotlocked-onattheback.[B]Onceyoudeterminetheproblemwithyourposturethatiswhatyouneedtoworkon.Trytocorrectittogettherightposture,youcandoafewthingsyourselfandalsouseachiropractor.Itwilltakepractice.Youprobablyhavehadmanyyearsofbadposture;soitwilltaketimetomakethenewpositionsahabit.Practiceandpracticeeverytimeyourememberandholdtherightpositionaslongasyoucan.[C]Ifwedonothavegoodposture,weputmoreweightinsomejointsandmusclesthanothersandthiscausespain.Badpostureaffectsyourhealth,generalwellbeing,andyourappearance.Ifyoudonothaveperfectpostureyoucanimproveit.Itrequirespractice,butitisworthit.[D]Isyourheadrelaxed,centered,andheldback(earsovershoulders)?Ifyourheadisforward,backwardortiltedtoanysideitisbadposture.Doyouhaveanarconyourchest?Thechesthastobeerect,centerandaslightlyuplifted.Areyouarchingyourbackforwardorback?Thereisanarchinthebackbutisrelativelymoderate.Ifyourslookbigger,youneedtocorrectyourposture.Areyourhipsatthesameleveloroneishigherthantheother?Theyhavetobeatthesamelevel.Areyouranklesstraight?Theyhavetobe.[E]Thebestthingtodowhenyouexperiencelowerbackpainorotherpainwhencorrectingyourpostureistogotoadoctororachiropractortoeliminatethepossibilityofanyotherhealthproblems.However,ifyoucannotgo,youmaytrytostrengthenyouabdominalmuscles.Thesemusclesaretheonesthathelpustokeepstraightandup.Youcanstrengthenthesemuscleswithabdominalexercises.Thesameexercisesyoudototightenyourtummy:crunches.[F]Yogaandballetexercisesareprobablythebestwaytoimproveyourposturebecausetheyworkthemusclesthatsufferthemostfrompoorposture.Swimmingisalsoagreatoption.[G]Thinkaboutonephysicalattributethatallmodelsandmostcelebritieshaveincommon.Youneverhaveseenanybodyontheredcarpetwalkingwithaslouchedback.Thesepeopleknowhowtowalk:theyhavegoodposture.Thisarticlediscusseshowtohaveagoodposture.Manyofusspendlonghoursatourdeskandforgetaboutgoodposture.Goodpostureisimportantnotonlyforappearance,butalsoforhealthreasons.Order:

填空题Today there is widespread agreement that multinational corporations will have an important effect on international relations and world economy. But there is little agreement on exactly what that effect will be. There are two groups ofthose who see them as benevolent and those who see them as evil. Among those who see multinational corporations as benevolent, many emphasize their importance in helping reduce the gap between rich countries and poor ones. These business giants are referred to as "engines of development", because it is claimed that they do more to improve the economic life in less developed countries than all govemmental foreign aid programs have ever done. By setting up factories abroad, they provide jobs; by equipping these factories with the latest machines and equipment, they make available the most modem technology. 1 In fact, they do better on their own. It may have been necessary in the midnineteen century for Admiral Perry to threaten the Japanese with naval bombardment if they did not allow western countries to trade with them. Such threats would make no sense today. 2 . The leaders of multinational corporations see patriotism as old-fashioned, the nation-state obsolete, and war in pursuit of national glory downright foolish. They believe that the multinational corporation is "a modem concept evolved to meet the requirements of modem age", while the nation-state is "still rooted in archaic concepts unsympathetic to the need of our complex world." 3 . "I think," an official of General Electric once said, "getting General Electric everywhere in the world is the biggest thing we can do for world peace." These proponents of the multinational corporations come by and large from the business world. There are, however, many critics among academic students of multinational corporations who regard them as a sinister force. They have produced detailed studies to prove that the benefits of multinational corporations are mostly illusory. To the claim that multinational corporations provide jobs, they point out that this is at the cost of jobs in other countries. To the claim that multinational corporations transfer technology, they reply: a) often the equipment shipped overseas is out of date; b) their technology is often unsuitable for many of the less developed countries where labor is plentiful and therefore cheap. 4 . Therefore, they maintain that instead of being the "engines of development ", the multinational corporations are actually "engines of impoverishment". These critics do not deny that consumption of the products of these corporations has risen in countries around the world. 5 . Therefore, although these corporations may breakdown national frontiers they strengthen class distinctions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor, creating greater social injustice and instability. A. The long, expensive American war in Vietnam did not bring new opportunities in Southeast Asia for the multinational corporations. The decision of the Nixon administration to improve relations with China was more profitable to them. B. The fact that both American teenagers and Mexican peasants are drinking Coca Cola does not mean that the life of the Mexican peasants is getting better due to the multinational corporations. C. They therefore characterize themselves as hard-headed people who are helping to bring about a more cooperative system or world order by breaking down national, geographical, political, economic and ideological barriers. D. One study actually showed that multinational corporations do not invest capital from wealthy countries, but prefer to finance their operations from the local economy. In other words, they are simply transferring wealth from poorer countries to richer ones. E. According to these critics, states will soon realize that they have lost their control over issues such as taxation, employment and even the stability of their own currency. F. But they point out that this so-called "Global Shopping Center" is available only to a very small portion of the local population. G. Because goods are now produced within the less developed countries, there is less need for them to import from abroad, and their balance of payments will improve. Multinational corporations today do not need their countries to provide military force to open foreign countries to their investment, products and sales.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. Chen's recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. {{U}} 1 {{/U}}______ The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly. Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as "will" or "going to." In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory. {{U}} 2 {{/U}}______ A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a seminar might say "Wo qu ting jiangzuo," which translates to "I go listen seminar." Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. {{U}} 3 {{/U}}______ He also analyzed individual-level data on people's retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that includes national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. {{U}} 4 {{/U}}______ After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on people's savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries' national savings rates are also affected by language. {{U}} 5 {{/U}}______ A. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. B. Chen's research points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions. C. The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. D. Chen's recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. E. People's savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious affiliation, their countries' legal systems, and their cultural values. F. These results also provide evidence for the language-cognition link, which has stirred some controversy among researchers. G. This data includes people's economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics, and cultural factors such as "saving is an important cultural value for me."