填空题A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids B. Build Your Kids" Work Skills C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are G. Build Your Kids" Sense of Responsibility Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job"s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult"s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call "work-life uneasiness". 1 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 1 Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea." They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. 3 Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 4 Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 5 They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mail,sayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarnings,eventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected.[B]Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".InEnglish,thatearnsitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft'sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory.[C]Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthors,theystillcauseddamage.Forinstance,theyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworks,includingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroom,andtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSX,afreightcompanyonAmerica'seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed.[D]Mostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystem,butwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumour,sincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting.[E]OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.However,accordingtoMr.Haley,WelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritself,byoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers.[F]SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleofthetworecentwavesofinfectionbecauseitpropagateditselfbye-mail,meaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspread(some500,000computerswereinfected)thatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthat,onecommoncounter-measurebackfired,increasingtrafficstillfurther.[G]KevinHaleyofSymantec,afirmthatmakesanti-virussoftware,thinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKing,ofCERT,aninternet-securitycentreatCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburgh,notesthat,unlikeitsprecursors,SoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneously,allowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.

填空题Every year, Fortune magazine celebrates women in the top echelons of corporate America by publishing a list Of the 50 Most Powerful Women in Business. Their titles are impressive -- CEO, chairman, president -- and photos portray them as polished and confident. What an inspiration they could be to the young women following them. 41. But what if those young women don' t aspire to a comer office? A week after the Fortune list appeared on newsstands, a major national study of teenagers revealed a surprising finding- while 97 percent of girls polled expect to work to support themselves or their families, only 9 percent want careers in business. Among boys, the figure is 15 percent. "Girls of this generation are quite ambitious, which is exciting," says Fiona Wilson, a professor'*at Simmons College School of Management and an author of the study, which polled more than 3,000 girls and 1,200 boys in middle school and high school. She finds it encouraging that half the girls prefer professions such as doctors, lawyers, and architects. "We' re not going back to the stereotype of their mothers - generation, where women were thinking about being nurses and teachers." 42. But why do girls shy away from business? The number of women applying to business schools has dropped off. By contrast, women make up half the students in medical and law schools. 43. Unlike boys in the study, who say they want to earn a lot of money, girls place great importance on helping others and improving society. But they don' t see connections between those goals and business, which they equate with finance and numbers. And they' re less confident than boys about their business related skills. Teen girls also place a high value on having enough time to spend with family and friends. 44. In describing business, Professor Wilson says, "they used many images involving stress - images about dads having to make conference calls on vacation, and moms always being tired when they got home, or complaining about their bad bosses." 45. As it happens, mothers are the primary source of career advice for daughters. But parents goals are often less well defined for girls than for boys. "Mothers express their hope and aspiration for daughters in terms of wanting them to be happy and have a lot of options, but they don' t translate that directly into business opportunities," says Connie Duckworth, head of The Committee of 200, a national women' s business leadership group that commissioned the study. Wilson Calls the lack of women at the top "alarming', adding that the study doesn' t offer a lot of hope that future generations will swell the ranks of women in leadership positions. [A] Titles of the echelon [B] Images used in describing business [C] Women student in schools [D] Mothers play an important role [E] Why women are not willing to choose business carrier [F] A surprising poll

填空题A.Especiallysincesexting(sexandtexting)mightactuallybetheleastofoarworries.Comparedwithwhattheyareactuallydoing,teenagers'virtualsexlivesmaybelessamirrorthananillusion,animageofhowtheyseethemselvesthatvanishesasyougetupclose.Theresearchsuggeststhatevenastheygetmoreelectronicallyimmodest,theyaredelayingactualsex,havingfewerpartnersandgenerallybehavingmoreresponsiblythanmanyoftheirparentsdid.Byallmeans,comedownhardonthekidwhousesaphonetocheatorbullyorharassorcauseharm.Butwhenitcomestobaringall,remindthemthateveniftheyescapethelawthey'llnevererasethetrail.B.Justdon'timaginethatyoucanprevailbybruteforce.Youcanblockwebsites,limittimeonline,screene-mail,removethewebcam.Butkidsaremorenimblethanwise;theywillfendaworkaround.Andwearefightingontheirterritory.Theyareupinthetreesandundergroundandincaveswhilewemarcharoundinourbrightreduniformstryingtodefendtheirdignityandvirtue.Notafairfight.C.Unfortunatelyit'stoolatetolegislatethatnooneshouldbe'allowedacellphoneuntilheorsheisatleast18andfullylicensedtouseit.Cellphonestookusbysurprise:sosmall,soinnocent,sopowerfulinthehandsofaboredortwistedteenwhonowhasanextremelyefficienttoolforwastingtime,cheatingontests,bullyingclassmates,arrangingdrugdealsand,morecommonly,flirting(tomakeplayfullyromanticorsexualovertures)inajunior-varsityversionofGirlsGoneWild.D.HowmanyparentsinsistedafterColumbineandSept.11thattheirchildrenbereachableatalltimes?Howcomfortingtogivekidscellphones,sothaturgentreassuranceswerenevermorethan10digitsaway.Andhowhandy,aswejuggledjobsandmeetingsandsoccermatches,tobeabletorearrangedeploymentsonthefly.Theirphonesservedourneedssowell;toobadwedidn'tfactorinadolescentcreativity.E.Therushofprosecutions,however,justremindsusthatthelawmakesanawfulparent.Alegalsystemnaturallydependsondeterrence;youmakeanexampleofthoseyoumanagetocatch,sothatpotentialoffendersthinktwice.Buttomanyateen,dangerisaslikelytofeeddesireastofrustrateit.Thequalitiesrequiredtoshapetheirbehavior,thehumorandpatiencemixedjustacertainwaywithclarityandresolve,aretoomuchtoexpectfromlawswrittentoapplyequallytoeveryone.Don'tweneedtoexemptthemfromprosecutionforbeingidiotsandtofindsomebetterwaytopunishconductthatwedidn'tmanagetoprevent?F.Butthere'snothingquiteliketheimageofyourchildonaregistryofsexoffenderstoconcentratetheparentalmind.Itnowhasacatchynewlabel,but"sexting"hasbeenaround,asatrickandaproblem,foryears:in2004a15-year-oldPittsburghgirlwaschargedwithsexualabuseofchildrenanddisseminationofchildpornographywhenshepostednudepicturesofherselfonline.Andjustinthepastyear,morethanadozenstateshavefollowedsuit,arrestingkidsasyoungas13forsendingorreceivingsmuttypicturesontheirphones.Forparents,thesecaseshavesuddenlyraisedtheprospectofretirementsavingsmelteddowntopaylegalbills,collegedreamsdeferred,scholarshipslost.G.Isthisthedarksideoftheparentalimagination?Yes.ButastudyreleasedlastDecemberfoundthatoneinfiveteenshadsentorpostedanakedpictureofthemselves,andathirdhadreceivedsuchapictureorvideobytextmessageore-mail.Threeoutoffourteenssaypostingsuggestivestnff"canhaveseriousnegativeconsequences,"whichmeanstheyknowit'sdumb-andtheydoitanyway.

填空题A.ThepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcosttheTreasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineitherincreasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstomedicare,socialsecurity,environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy"wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica'smillionairesandbillionaires,whilehurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeet",thepetitionsays.B.About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitiontoopposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxinhis$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.Normallywhen"dozens"ofAmericansjoininapoliticalcause,itisnotparticularlynoteworthy,butinthiscasethedozensinclude:GeorgeSoros,abillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffett,aninvestorlistedasAmerica'sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavidRockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.,aSeattlelawyerandfatherofAmerica'srichestman,MicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.C.Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforoppositiontotheestate-tax-repeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat'sequallyemotionalandfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.TheideathateveryoneinAmericahasanequalchance,thatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsofbirth,isoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorereverendthaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionanexpressionofmeritocracy.D.BuffetttoldtheNewYorkTimesthatrepealingtheestatetaxwouldbea"terriblemistake"andtheequivalentof"choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedalwinnersinthe2000Olympics."E.Anoldbrokeragecommercialsays:"Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit."Therewasaperfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:"Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway.Heinheritedit."In20or50or100years,whichoftheselineswillberight?BuffettandSorosandfriends,totheircredit,wanttohelpmakethefirstonereal.Let'shopethisisonlyonestepinthatprocess.F.ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSorosandanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositiontoPresidentBush'sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassomeemotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinessesfromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxes,anditistruethatmostpeoplehavebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwouldmainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofvery,veryrichpeople.G.PresidentBushwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trilliontax-cutplan,deliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.Theproposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincome,eliminatetheso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democratscomplainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33—woulddisproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpectedbudgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnottorepealtheestatetax,theNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Order:

填空题　Mental models guide our perceptions and help us make predictions. Most of our mental models are built　1　the structure of our nervous systems, and we are usually　2　of them. 　　We　3　the world not according to direct knowledge of reality, but according to mental models, which people often mistake　4　reality. For example, we all share a built-in mental model that the world is continuous,　5　our eyes tell us differently. This built-in mental model tells us what to "see" in a part of the eye that doesn''t　6　see anything. This "blind spot" model causes us to　7　made-up information (a continuation of surrounding patterns ) and　8　that if we look at a previously hidden spot, it will look like its　9　. 　　Not all mental models are built in; some we learn or　10　. For example, most people believe that the automobiles driving down the street will not turn　11　the sidewalk and hit pedestrians. If we believe　12　, we would act like　13　squirrels, always stopping to look around and proceeding　14　no automobiles were operating nearby. 　　We use mental models of our surroundings to perceive what we believe to be　15　and to predict what may happen. These mental models　16　to our surroundings--we have mental models of objects ,of the environment ,and of other people--and to our own capabilities and　17　 　　All of our mental models are, unfortunately, approximations　18　in the lump of nervous tissue we call the brain. Sophisticated　19　the brain is, it is very small and simple compared with the　20　of the outside world.

填空题[A]In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFrancisco.SostartedthefamousGoldRushofthe49ersacrossthevast,unexploredwildernessthatlaywestoftheMississippi.Wholefamiliesperished.Onesmallgroupof49ers,lookingforashortcutacrosstheSierraNevadaMountains,happenedtoentertheinfamousDeathValley.Itwasluckyforthemitwaswinter,forinsummerDeathValleyisaboutthehottestandmostdesolateplaceonearth.Asitwas,oneofthegroupdiedofthirst,anditwasthe49erswhogavethevalleyitsgrimname.[B]ThecompletionoftherailroadnotonlyjoinedthecitiesoftheeastwithCalifornia,italsobroughtprosperitytotheisolatedfarmersoftheplains,andtotherancherswhowerenowabletosendtheircattletotheslaughterhousesinfreightears.Infact,thenewrailroadbecameanessentiallife-lineforanationwhichnowstretched3000milesfromtheAtlantictothePacificOceans.[C]Aslateasthe1880samanintheFarwestcouldbehangedforstealingahorse,yetgetnomorethanfiveyearsinjailforrobbingabank.Eversincethepioneerswentwestintotheunknown,theydependedabsolutelyontheirhorsesandtheirguns.Ifamanlosthishorseorhisguninthedeserts,mountainsorforestsofNevada,ArizonaandeasternCalifornia,hestoodnochance.Hunger,thirst,agrizzlybear,amountainlion,orhostileIndianswouldfinishhimoffsoonerorlater.Afrontiersmanhadtobetough,braveandresourcefulinthosedays.[D]ThecolonizationoftheWestwasgivenatremendousimpetusbythebuildingoftheTranscontinentalrailroad,oneofthegreatengineeringfeatsofalltime.CongressdecidedthatthelayingofthetracksshouldbeginfromtheEastandtheWestatthesametime.Sothebuildingofthisrailroadlinedwithpolesforthefirsteast-westtelegraphsystem,developedintoarace.TheEasterners,movingacrosstheplains,progressedfaster,fortheydidnothavetotunnelthroughgiantmountainsorbridgegapingcanyons.ThetworailroadslinkedupinUtahonJuly10th,1867.Therewasgreatexcitement,andaspecialceremonytomarktheoccasion.[E]Deserts,mountainsandforestsarestillthefrontierbetweenteemingCaliforniancitiesandthesparselypopulatedwildernessofNevadaandeasternCalifornia.Eventoday,Nevadahashardlymorethan500thousandinhabitants,mostofwhomliveinthecitiesofLasVegasandReno.[F]Later,in1865,aftertheCivilWar,disillusionedsoldiers,unabletofrndwork,followedinthefootstepsofthe49ers.Theydidnotfindmuchgold,buttheyfoundrichpasturesforcattle.ItwastheywhofoundedtheUSA'sgreatfoodindustry,andtheyworkedwiththevigorandcourageoftheearlypioneersandwithafaithfortifiedbytheBible.[G]SomeAmericansfeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpresseditselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthis"NewFrontier."Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthenoon,themostrecentofallfrontierstobecrossed.

填空题[A]Sowhatdowedotobesafer?Manysmartpeoplehavetackledthisquestion.PeterPronovostatJohnsHopkinsdevelopedachecklistshowntobringhospital-acquiredinfectionsdowntoclosetozero.Therearerulesagainstdisturbingnurseswhiletheydispensemedicationsandsoftwarethatwarnsdoctorswhenpatients"prescriptionswillinteractbadly.Therearepoliciesdesignedtoempowernursestoconfrontdoctorsiftheyseesomethingwrong,evenifaseniordoctorisatfault.[B]Here"sonetheory.ItisagiventhatAmericandoctorsperformastaggeringnumberoftestsandprocedures,farmorethaninotherindustrializednations,andfarmorethanweusedto.Since1996,thepercentageofdoctorvisitsleadingtoatleastfivedrugsbeingprescribedhasnearlytripled,andthenumberofM.R.I.scansquadrupled.[C]Doctorsmakemistakes.Theymaybemistakesoftechnique,judgment,ignoranceoreven,sometimes,recklessness.Regardlessofthecause,eachtimeamistakehappens,apatientmaysuffer.Wefailtoupholdourprofession"sbasicoath:"First,donoharm."[D]Hereinliesastunningirony.Defensivemedicineisrootedinthegoalofavoidingmistakes.Buteachadditionalprocedureortest,nomatterhowcautiouslyperformed,injectsafreshpossibilityoferror.CTandM.R.I.scanscanleadtofalsepositivesandunnecessaryoperations,whichcarrytheriskofcomplicationslikeinfectionsandbleeding.Themoremedicationspatientsareprescribed,themorelikelytheyaretoaccidentallyoverdoseorsufferanallergicreaction.[E]Accordingtoa1999reportbytheInstituteofMedicine,asmanyas98,000Americansweredyingeveryyearbecauseofmedicalmistakes.Today,exactfiguresarehardtocomebybecausestatesdon"tabidebythesamereportingguidelines,andfewcasesgainasmuchattentionasthatofRoryStaunton,the12-year-oldboywhodiedofsepticshockthisspringafterbeingsenthomefromaNewYorkhospital.Butareasonableestimateisthatmedicalmistakesnowkillaround200,000Americanseveryyear.ThatwouldmakethemoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStates.Whyhavethesemistakesbeensohardtoprevent?[F]Whatmaybeevenmoreimportantisrememberingthelimitsofourpower.More—moreprocedures,moretesting,moretreatment—isnotalwaysbetter.In1979,StephenBergman,underthepennameDr.SamuelShem,publishedrulesforhospitalsinhiscausticallyhumorousnovel,"TheHouseofGod."RuleNo.13reads:"Thedeliveryofmedicalcareistodoasmuchnothingaspossible."First,donoharm.[G]Certainlymanyprocedures,testsandprescriptionsarebasedonlegitimateneed.Butmanyarenot.Inarecentanonymoussurvey,orthopedicsurgeonssaid24percentoftheteststheyorderedweremedicallyunnecessary.Thiskindoftreatmentisaformofdefensivemedicine,meantlesstoprotectthepatientthantoprotectthedoctororhospitalagainstpotentiallawsuits.