填空题Before you speak to any audience, you should learn as much about its members as possible. Only in that way can you best adapt the level of your language and the content of your talk to your listeners.41. Speaking to someone you know well. ______ Where are you likely to speak? Certainly, in this class you'll give several talks, and since you know most, ff not all, of the students, you should face no major problems in adapting your approach to them. Another speaking possibility exists in your workplace. A third speaking possibility exists in any organization (social, cultural, athletic, and so on ) that you belong to. You may be asked to speak at the next meeting or at the annual banquet. Here again, you know the people involved, their background, their education level, and their attitudes ? and that's a tremendous advantage for you. Since we're upbeat and positive in this course, we'll assume that you've given successful talks under all three circumstances, and with this course under your belt, you can do it again. Since good speakers are hard to. find and word about them travels fast, suppose that one day you get an invitation to speak to an organization in which you don't know a soul. What do you do now? If you feel able to handle the topic you're asked to speak on, accept this rare challenge. Here's where audience analysis comes into play. Be sure to ask the person who invited you for information on the members, information that encompasses a broad spectrum, such as in the following areas.42. How old are your listeners? ______43. Sex composition of your listeners. ______44. Interest in topic.45. Interests or hobbies of the listeners.[A] If you're invited to speak to a women's or men's organization, you know the answer to this question at once. Quite often, however, audiences are mixed fairly evenly, although at times one sex may predominate.[B] Do members of your prospective audience spend evenings watching TV movies and drinking beer at a local tavern, or do they read the Harvard Classics and attend concerts of Beethoven and Mozart? Do they play bingo and 21, or do they pursue the questions the intriguing intricacies of contract bridge and chess? Answers to these questions can help you choose the most appropriate material and language for your audience. Your choices can be crucial in determining the success or failure of your presentation.[C] Are the members recent college graduates, senior citizens, or business executives in midcareer? Just remember, age exerts a powerful impact on people's attitudes, values and motivations.[D] For example, your department manager may ask you to explain and demonstrate a procedure to some fellow employee. Or she may select you to address your department on behalf of the local blood donor drive. In both speech situations--in class and on the job— you're familiar with your audience; you speak their language; you have things in common with them.[E] Are you aware of the educational background of your audience? How many of them have doctoral degrees, master degrees or bachelor degrees? This will decide what kind of language you should adopt and how much they can understand.[F] Are the members of the organization interested in the topic or are they required to attend regardless of their interest? If the latter is true, what types of material will most likely pique their curiosity?

填空题[A] Refuse Gimmicks[B] Be Wary of Price Levels[C] Say No to Useless Things[D] Never Pay List Price[E] Stand up to Temptations[F] Switch — or Threaten to[G] Don’t Buy on Impulse In recent years the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life. Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel, phone service, medical care, even postal service. Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price at any dealership in their area. In some parts of the country, homeowners can purchase electricity from a menu of companies. All this choice translates into unprecedented consumer power. One of the persistent myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don’t. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and then present multiple prices to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares. So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way. 41.______ In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to price pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you’ve seen on the Internet. Ask at the checkout counter if there are any coupons or discounts you can use. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You’ll be surprised how often the answer is yes. 42.______ As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rust proofing your car, service contracts on your appliance, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These stunts are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren’t a good deal. 43.______ The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities. Have a weakness for chocolates? Don’t be surprised if Amazon. Com offers to sell you a box while you’re browsing for books. They’re using a wrinkle on the last-minute marketing pitch perfected by McDonald’s: “Would you like fries with that?” The ploy works remarkably well. 44.______ Versioning is a tactic used by businesses to separate status-conscious consumers from the bargain-hungry ones — since the former mean bigger profit margins. “Deluxe” and “platinum” are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets. Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain-hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower-priced option when given just two choices will choose the medium-priced alternative if given three. “Consumers try to avoid extreme options,” write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book Information Rules. Consumers in .the New Economy face more demands on their time and attention than ever before, so they’re inclined to make the most familiar choice. Consider this: it had been a decade and a half since the breakup of AT＆T, yet it is still by far the largest long-distance provider — even while other phone companies offer $ 50 worth of free service for switching. More than ever, it pays to change services and brands. If you don’t want the hassles of switching remember that businesses are eager to hang on to consumers. The next time you get a tempting offer from a credit-card issuer or a phone company, call your current provider and ask them to match the deal. You’ll be pleased to find how often they’ll agree.

填空题A.However,thecultureofAtlantisbegantodecay.Platorecountsthatthepeoplechangedtheirlaw-respectingwayoflife.Theybegantodisregardtheirreligion,graduallylivingwithlessrestraintandpiety.Theybegantovalueluxuries,wealth,andidleness.Theninonedayandonenightthecontinentwascompletelydestroyed.Platoconcludesthatadecadentsocietydeservedsuchpunishment.Buttwoquestionsremainunanswered.WherewasAtlantis,andwherediditgo?B.Thisstoryintriguespeoplesomuchthatmanyhavebeensearchingfortheexplanationofthe"lostcontinent"for23centuries.TherearethreeprobablelocationsforAtlantis:theAzores,intheAtlanticOcean;theBiminiIslands,intheCaribbeanSea;andSantorini,orKalliste,intheAegeanSea.SeveralfactsmaketheAzoresapossiblelocation.IntheAzoresandnearIcelandtherehavebeenmanyvolcanicislandsthathaverisenfromtheseaandthendisappearedlater.Also,PlatowassurethatAtlantiswasintheAtlantic,asthenameimplies.ThetheorythatAtlantiswasintheAzoreshasonlyrecentlybeenrefuted.C.TheGreekphilosopherPlato(approximately427to347B.C.)istheprimarysourceforthelegendofAtlantis.Hisdescriptionofthe"lostcontinent"stillexcitesthemodemmind.Plato'sAtlantiswasakindofparadise—avastisland"largerthanLibyaandAsiaputtogether"—withmagnificentmountainranges,greenplainsthatwerefullofeveryvarietyofanimal,andluxuriantgardenswherethefruitwas"fairandwondrousandininfiniteabundance."Theearthwasrichwithpreciousmetals,especiallytheoneprizedmosthighlybytheancients,orichalc,analloyofcopper,perhapsbrass.D.ThesecondcrediblepossibilityforAtlantisisintheBahamas,intheBiminis.In1958somestrangestructureswerenoticedontheseabedunderthewater.Curiousgeometricstructures—regularpolygons,circles,triangles,rectangles,andcompletelystraightlines—extendoverseveralmiles.Agiant"wall"severalhundredyardslongwasfoundsubmergedinthewatersoffthesmallislandofNorthBiinini.Thewallhastwobranches,runningatrightangles,inperfectlystraightlines.Theconstruction,whichispreciselyperpendicular,ismadeofmassivestoneblocksover16feetsquare.Partofthestructureevenresemblesaharborwithadockforboats.ThegeologyoftheBahamasshows,however,thatthesubmersionoftheplateauhadbeencausedbythemeltingofthepolarglaciersthatraisedtheleveloftheworld'soceans.ThisdiminishesthepossibilitythatAtlantiswasintheCaribbeanSea.Therewerenoviolenteruptions,merelytheslowlyrisingoceanfromapproximately8,000to7,000B.C.E.ThecapitalofAtlantiswasbeautifullyconstructedinwhite,black,andredstone.Thecitywascarefullyplannedinfivezonesbuiltinperfectconcentriccircles.Eachcircularzonewasbuiltinsidealargerone.Platosaysthatthecapital'scanalsanditsnearbyportwere"fullofvesselsandmerchantscomingfromallparts,whokeptupdinandclatternightandday."Thecitywasfulloflife,activityandculture.F.ThelastreasonablepossibilitytodateisthatAtlantiswaslocatedintheAegean,notfarfromCrete.However,thisassumptioncannotbeprovedbeyonddoubt,andthedisappearanceofAtlantisremainsalastingmystery.G.Thirty-fivehundredyearsago,atremendousexplosionblewapartanislandandcompletelydestroyedacivilizationcalledAtlantis.WherewasAtlantis?Whatkindofpeoplelivedthere?Whyandhowwasitdestroyed?Nooneknowstheanswerstothesequestions,buttherehavebeenhundredsofguessesandtheories.Order:

填空题Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. In Toronto, the careerist's capital of Canada, when strangers meet, they don't say "How do you do?" They say "What do you do?" It is a question that drives many people crazy because they don't wish to be defined by or awarded status or demerit points on the basis of their work. 41. ______ It is then, not in the simple job description, that character is revealed and destiny described. The real estate saleswoman confesses she wanted to be a forensic pathologist but was not steered to the right university courses. The lawyer shrugs and says he had no clue what he wanted to do and law school seemed like a good idea at the time. The entrepreneur admits he had this crazy idea about starting a small radio station. The highly capable nurse still laments her family did not have the money to send her to university. 42. ______ For some there is unbelievable success—think of the founders of Google, so young and yet so rich, for others, a life of desperately unsatisfying activity, and for most everyone else, something in between—good years and bad, fulfillment and drudgery. 43. ______ Sometimes I think people invest their careers with the same mythology they do their love lives— the great passion, the career that got away, now looms larger than life. Which is why, in their fifties, many people go looking for that career spark they left behind. And which is why the word "passion" is today popping up in more and more career consultants' marketing come-ons? 44. ______ It starts early in schools. "When they have a career day at my daughter's school, they usually haul in the parents and that's a narrow spectrum—a handful of doctors and lawyers," says one Montreal woman who wanted to be an architect but ended up with a Bachelor of Commerce degree. On the other hand it's difficult to convey how vast the possibilities are without overwhelming students. 45. ______ But how helpful is it to tell someone starting out, actually agonizing over the choices, not to worry because that job won't be around anyway 20 years from now? The graduates in good shape are the ones who emerge even hungrier to learn. That's what a great education should really foster: a big appetite for learning, and just a little bit of bravery. It's not surprising that we don't all become what we think we want to be. If we did, it would be a pretty dull world.[A] What kind of a world is it if you can't get instant status points for being a brain surgeon? I guess it's a world in which you might as well do exactly what you want.[B] We understand, because of our own convoluted life circumstances, that there is no one moment when we fall in love with our work and stay that way, but we don't demystify the process enough for students.[C] If you ask people about their professional regrets, they usually involve something they didn't do, as opposed to something they did. "I didn't try out enough things when I was young," says one businessman.[D] In the meantime, on the bumpy road to getting there, there's always humour. A teenager I know—tired of adults asking her all the time what she wanted to be—decided at a recent family party to just mutter the words "brain surgeon" to any adult in the room.[E] Choosing what we do for a living—or having it choose us—is, as American author Po Bronson observed in his bestseller What Should I Do with My Life? " One of life's great dramas. " There's usually a Greek chorus ( the parental unit), an unexpected twist in the road ( can't get into medical school) and a crisis or two to be overcome.[F] Because of changing work patterns, we now get it that when you choose a career, it most likely won't end up being exactly that job or even that career for life.[G] I say it's all right to ask the question if you follow it up with a much more interesting second question: "How did you come to do what you do?"

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowinggraph.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthegraph,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Writeanessaybasedonthedrawing.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainUsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work. Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

BSection III Writing/B

Directions: Nowadays there are many pirated products in the market, which is very harmful for us. What shall we do? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on pirated products. You can provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words. 如今许多人热衷于参加各种考试以获得证书。有的人这样做是为了获得求职的优势，还有人这样做只是跟风。你的看法如何?

Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work. Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

Suppose the regular meeting of the Student Union this Friday is postponed to next Monday. Write a notice to all members to 1) inform them about postponing the meeting, and 2) explain why. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "The Student Union" instead.

Suppose you have damaged your friend' s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)