Your camera is snatched. Will you ever see it a-gain? Probably not. But it may send postcards from its new owner. The【C1】______of recovery of lost or stolen cameras have improved【C2】______newer devices combined with online photo-sharing services create a digital track one can【C3】______with the right tools. Dozens of cameras from major manufacturers【C4】______the serial number found on a camera"s body into its software as well. The serial number is then included in the metadata with which every picture taken by the camera is tagged. When a photo is uploaded at sites like Flickr, they can, therefore, be【C5】______and indexed. Mr. Westin"s company, which makes the Gadget-Trak theft-recovery applications, has begun to create a searchable image database for lost cameras. When the owners upload the tagged photos they provide the【C6】______link. Once the database is established, the company will compare it with that of a list of missing serial numbers【C7】______by police. Of course, even if a camera"s serial number crops up,【C8】______the device"s current location need not be【C9】______. However, there is also good news: posted pictures may give clues【C10】______its current location. Even more helpfully, more and more cameras now come 【C11】______a GPS receiver for inserting geographical coordinates into a picture"s metadata. Flickr won"t show the uploading account holder such information【C12】______a user explicitly permits it. Photos posted in other ways, 【C13】______, may leak this information more casually. With enough such【C14】______, police could ask a photo service or obtain a(n)【C15】______to retrieve location data stored in the user"s account. Mr. Westin says that photographers can examine an image taken by their camera【C16】______losing it and extract the serial number. He wants to release a tool to make this【C17】______. All this is, of course, a double-edged【C18】______. Any information that helps find stolen 【C19】______may also be used to track camera owners" activities. Tools to【C20】______such data before photos are uploaded to the internet are available. And thieves know it.

Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Universities are in a seemingly self-contradictory position. As Stefan Collini points out in his book, these ancient【C1】______have never been so numerous or so important They receive more public money than they ever did. They are praised as the【C2】______of economic growth and technological advance.【C3】______they are frequently defensive and troubled, attacked by politicians and【C4】______a clear sense of purpose and direction. Mr Collini, professor of the University of Cambridge, is eager to rebuild their【C5】______. Universities, he says, "【C6】______a home for attempts to extend and deepen human understanding in ways which are,【C7】______, disciplined and free." It is the side-effects of this activity that public debate has seized【C8】______: the impact on the student"s capacity for understanding, or on a country"s development of new technologies.【C9】______these are not the core purpose of a university. In making his case, Mr Collini rejects the definition of Clark Kerr, the president of the University of California, who【C10】______a university as "a series of individual faculty entrepreneurs held together by a common resentment over parking".【C11】______he goes back to Cardinal Newman. Newman has a way with words: "A university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society... It is the education which gives a man a clear,【C12】______view of his own【C13】______and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in【C14】______them and a force in urging them." Mr Collini is moved by Newman"s insistence that a liberal education is not about what students learn or what skills they【C15】______but "the perspective they have on the place of their knowledge in a wider【C16】______of human understanding". Universities will always feel the【C17】______between the intellectual purity that Mr Collini demands and the【C18】______business of picking and preparing the future middle class.【C19】______these two roles is the mark of a great university. Indeed, the stress created by these【C20】______roles is what helps even the most ordinary academic retain some independence of thought and intellectual energy.

BPart B/B

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Suppose you found a ring in the reading room of the library in your university. Write a found notice to 1) inform others what you found, and 2) seek its owner. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same【C1】______is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has【C2】______been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【C3】______on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly【C4】______the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are【C5】______past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that【C6】______it. Today the difference is very【C7】______indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple【C8】______that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their【C9】______are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely【C10】______the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and【C11】______their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than【C12】______slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull grey suits and convict haircuts? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so【C13】______and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more【C14】______possessions? These are not questions the older generation can【C15】______lightly. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for【C16】______. Today, the situation might be【C17】______. The old—if they are【C18】______to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all【C19】______of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to【C20】______restricting inhibitions.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

New science reveals how your brain is hard-wired when it comes to spending—and how you can reboot it. The choice to spend rather than save reflects a very human—and, some would say, American—quirk: a preference for immediate gratification over future gains. In other words, we get far more joy from buying a new pair of shoes today, or a Caribbean vacation, or an iPhone 4S, than from imagining a comfortable life tomorrow. Throw in an instant-access culture—in which we can get answers on the Internet within seconds, have a coffeepot delivered to our door overnight, and watch movies on demand—and we're not exactly training the next generation to delay gratification. "Pleasure now is worth more to us than pleasure later," says economist William Dickens of Northeastern University, "We much prefer current consumption to future consumption. It may even be wired into us. " As brain Scientists plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mall, they are discovering measurable differences between the brains of people who save and those who spend with abandon, particularly in areas of the brain that predict consequences, process the sense of reward, spur motivation, and control memory. In fact, neuroscientists are mapping the brain's saving and spending circuits so precisely that they have been able to stir up the saving and disable the spending in some people. The result: people' s preferences switch from spending like a drunken sailor to saving like a child of the Depression. All told, the gray matter responsible for some of our most crucial decisions is finally revealing its secrets. Psychologists and behavioral economists, meanwhile, are identifying the personality types and other traits that distinguish savers from spenders, showing that people who aren't good savers are neither stupid nor irrational—but often simply don't accurately foresee the consequences of not saving. Rewire the brain to find pleasure in future rewards, and you're on the path to a future you really want. In one experiment, neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher of New York University wanted to see what it would take for people to willingly delay gratification. He gave a dozen volunteers a choice: $ 20 now or more money, from $ 20.25 to $ 110, later. On one end of the spectrum was the person who agreed to take $21 in a month—to essentially wait a month in order to gain just $ 1. In economics-speak, this kind of person has a "flat discount function", meaning he values tomorrow almost as much as today and is therefore able to delay gratification. At the other end was someone who was willing to wait a month only if he got $ 68, a premium of $48 from the original offer. This is someone economists call a "steep discounter", meaning the value he puts on the future (and having money then) is dramatically less than the value he places on today; when he wants something, he wants it now.

Brands are basically a promise. They tell consumers what quality to expect from a【C1】______and show off its personality. Firms invest a lot on the image of their brands to【C2】______sales and loyalty. But measuring their value is hard. Millward Brown, a market-research company, is one of several that takes a stab at it. It has just published its annual ranking of the world"s "most【C3】______" brands based on consumers"【C4】______and the performance of the companies that own them. The top 100 are collectively worth $2.6 trillion, the firm【C5】______Apple remains the world"s most【C6】______brand, worth $185 billion,【C7】______the head of three major technology companies. However, it may have been a【C8】______year for Apple in many respects: rivals are gaining share of the smartphone market;【C9】______and margins have been【C10】______. And Apple hasn"t unveiled a major new product since last October.【C11】______. none of the three major technology companies has increased much in value since last year perhaps because they have been refining their products【C12】______being startlingly innovative. Microsoft, which tried to be startling by【C13】______a radical new operating system, has seen its brand value fall. Apple"s big rival, Samsung, jumped 25 places, partly by out-innovating Apple and partly by【C14】______its advertising expenditure by $1.6 billion. Visa was one of the main brand sponsors for the 2012 Olympic games in London. But many of the big gainers【C15】______growth in emerging markets. That helps explain the rise in the value of beer brands like Brazil"s Brahma, which is worth 61% more than last year. Ten-cent, an internet services company, benefited from being innovative and Chinese.【C16】______sales slowed in Europe, Zara, a high-street fashion retailer introduced online shopping for customers in China Luxury【C17】______companies tend their brands even more carefully than most. Gucci, whose brand value increased by almost 50%, has invested in technology to【C18】______its online and mobile presence. The biggest riser this year,【C19】______. is Prada, whose brand value【C20】______63% as it increased sales in both old markets and new. But even in Western Europe its most enthusiastic customers were Asian tourists.

Directions: You are scheduled to head for a job interview tomorrow afternoon. However, you have just been informed that there will be an important lecture then, and you can't excuse yourself. So write a letter to the interviewer; 1) Express your apology; 2) Explain the reason why you can't meet the appointment; 3) Request your appointment be scheduled for another time. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

You bought a digital camera in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use" Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Psychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning. Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others. We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team' s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well people can read complex emotional states from images of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at "mindreading" than men. In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned each of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate collective intelligence, and whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser. And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients for a smart team remained constant regardless of its mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.

Heart disease has long been Britain's biggest single killer. Despite our efforts to ward off its risk factors with more exercise and a healthier diet, the statistics remain sobering—particularly if you are a man. According to the British Heart Foundation, one in seven men will die from heart disease compared with one in 11 women, and of the 2. 3 million people living with heart disease in the UK, 60 percent are men. Professor Jamie Waterall, the national lead for cardiovascular disease prevention at PHE, says there are many reasons why more men than women are suffering heart disease. "Women do have the advantage of some hormonal protection of the heart prior to the menopause, which lessens their risk, but from that age onwards things should even out. But men continue to display an abundance of risky lifestyle behaviours that make them more vulnerable. They eat more, drink more, smoke more, for example. " Numerous studies have shown that excess belly fat, even if you are skinny everywhere else, can be deadly. "Fat around the middle—especially the deep visceral fat hidden in your abdomen—has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease because these fat cells produce damaging toxic substances," Allen says. Previously, men were advised to drink no more than three to four units of alcohol a day, which technically meant they could consume 28 units a week. The latest rules have cut that to no more than 14 units. Cutting down is one thing, but you should also spread your alcohol intake and have "several drink-free days per week" , according to the charity Drinkaware. Doing so can help your weight and cholesterol levels, both bad for the heart, to drop. According to the smoking cessation charity Ash, smoking at any age causes about 14 percent of deaths from heart disease. If you are a smoker, stopping is the single most important thing you can do. Switching to e-cigarettes or vaping is a positive move—provided that you eventually stop for good. In February a study from the University of California revealed that people who vape are more likely to have higher adrenaline levels and more stress in the heart, both of which have an adverse effect on cardiovascular health. "In the short term, using e-cigarettes may be useful as a stepping stone to quitting, but the ultimate goal is to stop using them too," says Allen.

BPart B/B

Suppose the Student's Union in your department is holding an end-of-semester party on July 11. Write an invitation letter to Mr. Black, the dean, and invite him to join you. Let him know the time and place and what he is expected to do at the party. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. ( 10 points)