We all know (or should know) by now that the carbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the planet's single largest contributor to global warming. It persists in the atmosphere for centuries. Reducing these emissions by as much as half by 2050 is essential to avoid disastrous consequences by the end of this century, and we must begin immediately. But this is a herculean undertaking, both technically and politically. There is, however, a short-term strategy. We can slow this warming quickly by cutting emissions of four other climate pollutants: black carbon, a component of soot; methane, the main component of natural gas; lower-level ozone, a main ingredient of urban smog; and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, which are used as coolants. They account for as much as 40 percent of current warming. We can reduce black carbon emissions significantly in the next few decades by using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel. By employing those strategies, California, for instance, has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by nearly half since the late 1980s. In addition, we can further reduce emissions of black carbon and carbon monoxide (which produces lower-level ozone) in the developing world simply by turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves, by replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps, and by deploying modern brick kilns. Methane emissions can be cut by nearly a third by reducing leaks from gas pipes, coal mines and hydraulic fracturing, by capturing methane from waste dumps, water treatment plants and manure, and by cutting emissions from rice paddies. These reductions in methane, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds would also significantly reduce lower-level ozone, which is another important climate-warming pollutant that is formed by the interaction of sunlight with other short-lived pollutants. And HFCs, which are widely used in refrigerators, can be replaced with readily available climate-friendly refrigerants. Nearly 100 ozone-depleting chemicals have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty that took effect in 1989 , and more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternatives. Phasing down HFCs would provide climate protection many times greater than the current Kyoto climate treaty—the equivalent of about 100 billion tons of carbon dioxide by 2050. Unlike carbon dioxide, these pollutants are short-lived in the atmosphere. If we stop emitting them, they will disappear in a matter of weeks to a few decades. These reductions would also prevent an estimated two to four million deaths from air pollution and avoid billions of dollars of crop loss annually, according to a study commissioned by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization.

Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she' d accomplished at the end of each busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif., often【C1】______working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】______but worried that she wasn' t accomplishing everything she needed to. "I felt as if I wasn' t really having the time to do more of the strategic and 【C3】______ work to make those larger changes at the school." says Ms. Sortino. She decided to【C4】______a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned,【C5】______, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distractions. She also 【C6】______ herself to systematically completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】______. The changes【C8】______a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino 【C9】______ works on weekends, but only as needed. It's a tough time to be productive. Globalization, increased competition and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10】______on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance.【C11】______, experts say small adjustments to how employees【C12】______work can have a big impact on their workplace efficiency. Learn to prioritize and to commit yourself to working in【C13】______blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】______out irrelevant information, further【C15】______their performance. It's especially important to【C16】______what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】______their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to "sell" the advice about【C18】______changes that can benefit the department and company.【C19】______with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20】______being proactive can impress your boss.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Suppose you have damaged your friend' s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

BSection III Writing/B

[A]Think about how your attitude change will affect your life [B]Look for a role model [C]Be clear about your traits [D]Identify and understand what you want to change [E]Believe that you are able to change [F]Get rid of the pessimistic friends [G]Choose the right company "Our attitude toward life determines life's attitude towards us." We've all heard about the power of our attitude, and that it's our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life. If you look around you, you will see that people with a positive attitude enjoy life more and are generally happier and more successful than those who walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our lives—it can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise. All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change. Let me share with you how I did it. 【R1】______ The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor. When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed. 【R2】______ We all need to know that what we're trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can be more optimistic, more social or more patient. Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person. 【R3】______ To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life. Will changing your attitude mean a happier family or social life? Will a change in your attitude mean a more successful career or business? Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal. 【R4】______ As they say, "Bad company corrupts good character." You don' t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. You will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends. 【R5】______ Often, the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do. If you don't believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just won't happen—you will either never start, or give up quickly so you won't have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed. It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important for living a successful and satisfying life, so it is only right to strive to have a positive attitude.

Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words. 在考试中作弊，这在大学时有发生，对学生和社会都有害。我们应如何杜绝这一现象?

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethediagram,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.InvestmentinBeijingfromDifferentCountriesandRegionsHongKong—44%Japan—19.2%U.S.A.—16%Other23countries—21.8%

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BPart B/B

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingcharts.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethefollowingdiagrams,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

BSection III Writing/B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Directions: Many people think that money is the source of happiness, while others think that money is the root of all evils. What's your opinion? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on money and happiness. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

Suppose there was a terrible earthquake in Taiwan last week and people there suffered a lot. Write a letter to your schoolmates to 1) tell them the bad news, and 2) appeal them to donate money to the disaster-stricken area. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "The Student Union" instead. Do not write your address.

In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to "do what you love." But mastering a skill,【C1】______one that you deeply love, requires a huge【C2】______of dull practice. Any challenging activity requires【C3】______and concentrated practice. Anyone who wants to master a skill must【C4】______through the cycle of practice, critical feedback, modification, and progressive improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to【C5】______practicing an activity like this for years and take【C6】______in their gradual improvement.【C7】______others find this kind of concentrated, time-intensive work to be【C8】______or boring. Why? The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of "flow," the feeling of being completely【C9】______what you are doing. A flow state is a special experience. Flow states can happen in the【C10】______of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at an appropriate skill level, and where the individual is able to adjust their performance【C11】______clear and immediate feedback. Flow states turn the dull practice into an autotelic activity—that is, one that can be enjoyed for its own sake, rather than as a【C12】______to an end or for attaining some external reward. That raises the question of how we can turn this to our【C13】______: How can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master, so that we enjoy both the process of【C14】______skills and the rewards of being a master? Psychologists suggested that those who most readily entered into flow states had an "autotelic personality". For those who aren't necessarily【C15】______with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be【C16】______by environmental factors. While there isn't yet a pill that can turn dull practice into a【C17】______activity for anyone, it is encouraging that we seem, at least to some degree, to be able to push ourselves toward flow states【C18】______we are given unstructured, open-ended time,【C19】______distractions, and a task set at a【C20】______level of difficulty.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Suppose you have just come back from New York and found a book in your luggage that you forgot to return to Mark, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.