BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

In a famous lab trial, a chimp named Sultan put two interlocking sticks together and pulled down a bunch of bananas hanging just out of arm's reach. Nearly a century later, eager tourists have conducted their own version of the experiment. Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, they can now reach for flattering CinemaScope selfies wherever they go. Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their sticks. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, rucksacks, tripods and monopods), yet another example of how controlling overcrowding has become part of the museum mission. The Hirshhorn Museum in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks. "From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away," said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "It's one thing to take a picture at arm' s length, but when it is three times arm' s length, you are invading someone else' s personal space." The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. "We do not want to have to put all the art under glass," said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors. Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. "If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture," Mr. Sreenivasan said. "We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on."

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingcharts.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthecharts,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

In this part, you are asked to write an essay according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班，对这种做法有人表示支持，有人持反对态度，请表明你的观点。

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U. S. workforce was derided(嘲笑) as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

BSection III Writing/B

We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and 【C1】______ itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 【C2】______ mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the 【C3】______ act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you aren't feeling happy, smile can help【C4】______your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 【C5】______ expressions can influence our【C6】______experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 【C7】______ Darwin' s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually【C8】______your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 【C9】______ heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】______smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】______years to your life. People who smile more tend to be more 【C12】______, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】______. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the【C14】______likely divorce was later in life.【C15】______, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa said "Every time you smile at someone, it is ... a【C16】______to that person, a beautiful thing", she was right. One study【C17】______by Hewlett Packard found that seeing another's smile stimulated the heart and【C18】______more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19】______viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20】______when someone else is smiling.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection III Writing/B

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

For decades the market for expensive headphones was mainly limited to hi-fi fans. But【C1】______the boxy stereo system in the corner of the bedroom is largely a thing of the past, and young music fans listen【C2】______on portable devices, headphones have become as much of a fashion statement as the music player itself.【C3】______the first to spot the potential of this market was Dr Dre and Jimmy Iovine. In 2008 they【C4】______their Beats range of headphones, to great【C5】______. They have all but created a new product【C6】______: premium-priced headphones whose sound quality is good enough,【C7】______which mainly sell on their brand image. Beats Electronics and its founders have proved skilled【C8】______using celebrity endorsements and product placement to【C9】______his headphones. In America the company now has almost half the market for premium-priced headphones, compared with 21% for Bose, a longer-established maker. Beats headphones are exactly what hip-hop fans want, but might not suit opera lovers. Overall,【C10】______, they are a lot better than the earphones that come free with most portable devices. There is in any case a limit to how good music will sound through even the best headphones. Most of the music tracks on portable music players are in the form of mp3 audio files, in which the music has been【C11】______to make the files smaller and【C12】______fit more of them into a【C13】______amount of storage capacity. Since consumers have been persuaded, largely by Beats, that it is worth paying a high price for headphones, perhaps they could be persuaded to turn their backs on cheap mp3s and【C14】______recordings in true high fidelity. If sales of hi-fi recordings take off it may【C15】______the market for really top-class headphones like those of Grado Labs, another American firm. Grado has for decades relied on reviews in specialist magazines, and word-of-mouth【C16】______from fans, to spread news of its headphones'【C17】______reproduction. In contrast to Beats, it has avoided imagemaking it has not【C18】______since 1964 Unlike Dr Dre, then, its【C19】______are less tied to the【C20】______tastes and fast-changing fashions of the young.

After visiting Widener University and learning about its program requiring 300 hours of community service in the surrounding poor city of Chester, Pennsylvania, Anna Miller told her father that she would not go anywhere else. Miller was looking for a college experience that was【C1】______on both meaning and action. "I was especially【C2】______to this program because it is much easier to make a lasting change in a community when you have the【C3】______of the administration of the school," said the 20-year-old from East Prospect, Pennsylvania. Widener is not【C4】______in its creative curriculum: a number of schools now include community service as part of class work During the 1960s and 1970s, universities were often the【C5】______of student protests, characterized as ivory-tower institutions【C6】______the greater problems in society.【C7】______these days, many universities are【C8】______the forefront of encouraging students to【C9】______social change. "It's very【C10】______, at all different kinds of colleges, from small liberal-arts colleges to big universities and community colleges," says Debra Humphreys, a spokesperson for the Association of American Colleges and Universities. According to a 2009【C11】______by the AACU, at least 68 percent of its members are including credit-bearing courses that【C12】______service learning. Colleges and universities are【C13】______community service with every type of subject. At the University of Pennsylvania, students can take an environmental-studies class where they identify sources of lead, gather samples of soil, dust, and paint, and map the risk of lead【C14】______in surrounding West Philadelphia areas. Last year【C15】______1,800 students elected to take at least one of the 60 "academically based community service" courses offered through the Netter Center for Community Partnerships. At Bryn Mawr College, math professor Victor Don-nay links math to projects【C16】______sustainability, like the savings from eliminating dining trays in dorm cafeterias. It's【C17】______to see how math can be used to make a difference in the world, Donnay says. "As they did the projects, the【C18】______of effort they put in and their【C19】______for figuring out these problems was much higher than in a【C20】______class."

[A] Analyzing your own taste [B] Being cautious when experimenting [C] Finding a model to follow [D] Getting the final look absolutely right [E] Learning to be realistic [F] Making regular conscious choices[G] Choosing an outfit for yourselves When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it's something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it's what's inside that's important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us. 【R1】______ For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they've seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faults—we all have good points and bad points—but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones. 【R2】______ When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you're likely to meet, where you're going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there's no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else's idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself. 【R3】______ But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot—most people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don't wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme? 【R4】______ Some colors bring your natural colouring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colours by all means, but remember that dressing in bright colours when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it's good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once. 【R5】______ So, you've chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your colouring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won't achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won't improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn't fit perfectly, don't buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style. Reappraising your image isn't selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You'll look better and you'll feel a better person all round. And if in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian's book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 percent on how we look and behave, 38 percent on how we speak and only 7 percent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn't it time you made the most of yourself?

Suppose you want to send your friend Murphy a gift to thank him for helping you with your study. Write him a letter to 1) introduce your gift, and 2) explain why you send him the gift. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

A pretty pot plant might make an unemotional work space feel more personal. But new research has revealed that office plants do so much more as they can help staff be more creative and productive, which could ultimately【C1】______promotion. At work,【C2】______houseplants have been proven to aid concentration, increase productivity and【C3】______staff well-being by 47 per cent, according to a study undertaken at this year's Chelsea Flower Show. The results showed that【C4】______staff to make design decisions in a workspace【C5】______with office plants can increase creativity by 45 per cent and improve productivity by 38 per cent. The researchers believe their findings demonstrate that plants are not unnecessary【C6】______of business environments and add【C7】______to other studies, which indicate plants increase psychological comfort and business【C8】______. Psychologist Dr Craig Knight said: "We have previously shown that designing your own workspace improves health, happiness and productivity. It was time to go a step【C9】______and see whether the principle can also【C10】______creativity and indeed whether the very act of designing the workspace can be used effectively. The results indicate that plants, in a well-designed and personalized office environment can increase business effectiveness【C11】______improved staff productivity and creativity. This gives company managers a real【C12】______to share control of office space with their staff and create meaningful, less【C13】______and more grown up space." Plants have previously been proven to have【C14】______effects in hospitals, where patients with pot plants close by said they experienced less pain, anxiety and tiredness,【C15】______houses with plant-filled rooms【C16】______between 50 and 60 per cent fewer bacteria than other rooms【C17】______plants. Monique Kemperman from The Joy of Plants, said: "Scientific studies have demonstrated that we can see a【C18】______improvement in air quality alone, just by【C19】______a few common houseplants around a room." The organization wants to encourage everyone in the UK to add a houseplant to their home and office and claims it will make a '【C20】______' impact to people's quality of life on a daily basis.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Many people think that money is the source of happiness, while others think that money is the root of all evils. What"s your opinion? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on money and happiness. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

If you watched a certain swimmer's Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4×100-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the purple dots actually are signs of "cupping," an ancient Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment. In cupping, practitioners of the healing technique—or sometimes the athletes themselves— place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but it's enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have been so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States men's gymnastics team. Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing soreness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds recovery. Phelps posted an Instagram photo showing himself stretched on a table as his Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thighs. "Thanks for my cupping today!" he wrote. While there's no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the treatment, there's not much science to determine whether cupping offers a real physiological benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. "A placebo effect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well," said Leonid Kalichman, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. "A patient can feel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect." One 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and then focuses on relaxing them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient groups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored higher on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressure was applied to the area. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential benefits of cupping.