BSection III Writing/B

Exercise has innumerable health benefits, but losing weight may not be among them. A provocative new study shows that a substantial number of people who take up an exercise regimen wind up heavier afterward than they were at the start, with the weight gain due mostly to extra fat, not muscle. But the study also finds, for the first time, that one simple strategy may improve people' s odds of actually dropping pounds with exercise. As we all know, the fundamentals of weight loss should be simple. Burn more calories on any given day than you consume and, over time, you will lose weight. Theoretically, we can achieve that desirable condition by reducing the number of calories that we take in through dieting or by increasing the number of calories that we consume through exercise. But in reality, most people do not achieve or sustain weight loss, no matter what method they try.

BSection III Writing/B

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but【C1】______ she's worried about what she calls "my rolling mental blackouts. " "I try to remember something and I just blank out," she says. You may【C2】______ about these lapses, calling them " senior moments " or blaming " early Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症) ". Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the【C3】______ you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age【C4】______ problems that are not necessarily age-related. "When a teenager can't find her keys, she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized," says Paul Gold. "A 70-year-old blames her【C5】______ " In fact, the 70-year-old may have been【C6】______ things for decades. In healthy people, memory doesn't worsen as【C7】______ as many of us think. "As we【C8】______ , the memory mechanism isn't【C9】______ ," says psychologist Fergus Craik. "It's just inefficient." The brain's processing【C10】______ slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly【C11】______ Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and【C12】______ there's less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, "It's not clear that less activity is【C13】______ A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than a【C14】______ athlete. In the same way,【C15】______ the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it. " There are【C16】______ you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it【C17】______ effort. Margaret Sewell says: "We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to【C18】______ to keep your brain【C19】______ shape. It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year【C20】______ expect to stay in top form."

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may seem innocuous— so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it's loaded with spam, it's undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web site. Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you've probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you've ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sources—including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with. In a larger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of "Big Brother" —the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don't necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband's Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is news to anyone—people are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywhere—there is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department' s antitrust case against Microsoft. And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: "I have nothing to hide." If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn't the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? It's a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different when they're being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps (跺脚) over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, " but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats (替罪羊) like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist(旋转) on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words. 许多人认为英语口语考试对大学生来说是很必要的，学一门语言，听、说、读、写都应该能过关才对。但是也有人不同意。你的看法如何?

Suppose you have recently joined an international friendship club. But you are not satisfied with the service you have received. Write a letter to the director of the club to1) make a complaint, and2) ask for an explanation. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain valuable, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. A-mong the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York. Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, electronic book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due(which means no late fees, nor angst about lost or damaged tomes). E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35 million titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by Over-Drive' s market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions. Publishers were miffed when OverDrive teamed up with Amazon, the world' s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon' s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon' s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan. Amazon then follows up with library patrons directly, letting them know they can "Buy this book" when the loan falls due. So publishers keep tweaking their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. Hachette is engaged in some secret experiments, and the others are watching with bated breath. In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.

There are many fake commodities nowadays. They range from daily commodities to expensive goods. What is your opinion about these commodities? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on fake commodities. You can provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

As if they needed any more excuse, new research suggests men need their sleep if they"re to live a long life. Women, on the other hand, can live long lives【C1】______poor sleep habits as long as they eat a diverse diet that includes vitamin B6 and plenty of vegetables. Vitamin B6 can be found in food such as meat, bananas and nuts.【C2】______other things, it allows the body to use and【C3】______energy from protein and carbohydrates. The findings come from a study led by Professor Mark Wahlqvist from Monash University which looked at how diet【C4】______sleep quality and mortality among elderly men and women. Professor Wahlqvist said sleep played a more【C5】______role in men"s mortality than women"s. "Poor sleep has been associated with increased disease rate and mortality. We found that for both【C6】______poor sleep was strongly【C7】______poor appetite and poor perceived health." But the researchers also found a【C8】______relationship between a diverse diet and sleep,【C9】______in women. "For women, good sleep only ensures a survival advantage【C10】______they had a diverse diet," said Professor Walhqvist. The study found women were almost twice as likely as men to sleep【C11】______Women who were poor sleepers had a lower intake of vitamin B6 from food than those whose sleep was【C12】______"fair" or "good". Fair sleepers had lower iron intakes than good sleepers. Both men and women could improve their【C13】______by eating a more【C14】______diet, the research said "Sufficient dietary diversity in men could【C15】______the adverse effect on mortality of poor sleep【C16】______women need to make sure they are eating foods high in vitamin B6," said Professor Walhqvist. Participants in the study who did not sleep well were also less able to chew, had poor appetites, and did less physical activity. "These characteristics could lead to lower overall dietary quality and food and nutrition intake, especially for vegetables, protein-rich foods, and vitamin B6. They may also result in the【C17】______of death. Intervention【C18】______on education on healthy dietary【C19】______in elderly people could improve sleep duration and【C20】______more stable levels of health."

By the year 2100, global temperatures are expected to rise by between 0.8 and 3.5 degree Celsius. That may not seem like much, but such an increase in temperature would cause a rise in sea levels large enough to put the lives of up to 100 million people at risk. For the first time in the scientific community, there is total agreement that the activity of humans is at least partly responsible for the problem—specifically the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which is released by the burning of wood, coal and petroleum products. Reducing harmful emission is just one area in which the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel is decidedly optimistic. In the short term it might not prove that difficult. Efficiency improvements alone could cut energy needs by as much as 30 percent at virtually no extra cost and, in developed countries, emission reductions of up to 60 percent "are technically feasible". In the longer term, harmful emissions will be reduced as the world changes over to cheaper, less environmentally damaging energy sources.