BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Although undeniably graceful, gliding has until now been suitable only for pleasure flights. But this is changing, as researchers enhance the capabilities of unmanned aircraft. Small unmanned gliders will soon be able to stay overhead for weeks, acting as communications relays, keeping a persistent eye on the ground below and even tracking marine animals thousands of kilometers across the ocean. One such glider is being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School in California. It needs an electric propeller to take off, but having reached a reasonable altitude the craft can fly all day just by riding rising currents of warm air. Kevin Jones, who is in charge of the project, says he has often found the craft sharing the air with some eagles. On some occasions, indeed, the birds found that the spiral air they were attempting to join were too weak for their weight, as the craft is more efficient at gliding than they are.

Could your smartphone prevent a car from hitting you? General Motors and other researchers think that's a possibility【C1】______an emerging wireless standard works its way into the latest smartphones and new cars. First seen in 2010, Wi-Fi Direct【C2】______ultrafast device-to-device connections over the same radio waves that smartphones, computers and other electronics currently use to connect to routers and home networks. The【C3】______here is that unlike your application-enabled television, Wi-Fi Direct doesn't【C4】______the Internet. Rather, it's【C5】______connect local devices directly to each other【C6】______as little as a second, and unlike Bluetooth, the connection doesn't require special pass keys and works at more than double the【C7】______, at about 656 feet apart. GM says future cars could【C8】______pedestrians carrying Wi-Fi Direct smartphones, gather their【C9】______locations and warn the driver through existing active safety systems such as forward collision【C10】______and auto-braking. Wi-Fi Direct is one part of GM's research on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure【C11】______in which both cars and roadways become【C12】______aware and adaptive to real-time information. More and more automakers, such as BMW and Hyundai, use a subscription-based 3G cell network to connect a car's information & entertainment system to the Web for things such as【C13】______searches. A few automakers, such as Ford and Audi,【C14】______wireless hotspots that allow full【C15】______to the Internet from any mobile device. By 2015, Ford said it【C16】______80 percent of the vehicles it sells in North America to have a Wi-Fi connection. Wi-Fi Direct currently allows file【C17】______between two electronic devices【C18】______having to pair them. If the technology becomes popular and【C19】______it could pull the market away from Bluetooth, the short-range wireless standard for in-car telephone calls and portable audio. With Bluetooth, there isn't one【C20】______way to connect a device—and many times, as we've often found, it still doesn't work. According to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, nearly 4,900 pedestrians and cyclists were killed by cars last year, for which data were available.

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethediagram,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthedrawing.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Expectations surrounding education have spun out of control. On top of a seven-hour school day, our kids march through hours of nightly homework, daily sports practices and band rehearsals, and weekend-consuming assignments and tournaments. Each activity is seen as a step on the ladder to a top college, an enviable job and a successful life. Children living in poverty who aspire to college face the same daunting admissions arms race, as well as the burden of competing for scholarships, with less support than their privileged peers. Eve a those not bound for college are ground down by the constant measurement in schools under pressure to push through mountains of rote, impersonal material as early as preschool. Yet instead of empowering them to thrive, this drive for success is eroding children' s health and undermining their potential. Modern education is actually making them sick. Working together, parents, educators and students can make small but important changes.

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingdiagram.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethediagram,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

BPart B/B

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated (使着迷) with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the " great game" of espionage—spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks(间谍) call it "open-source intelligence" , and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military -intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

Being plugged into an iPod is a feature of adolescence. A new study suggests that teens who spend too much time listening to music may be at higher risk of depression. The study found that teens who reported listening to music more often—【C1】______using other types of media like TV and books—were more likely to have major depressive disorder,【C2】______with teens who listened to music less frequently. With each level increase in music use, teens had an 80% higher risk of depression, the study found. The study didn't measure【C3】______listening times, but based on previous data, the study authors【C4】______that teens in the highest-use group were likely listening to music【C5】______at least four or five hours a day. At this【C6】______it is not clear whether depressed people begin to listen to more music to【C7】______or whether listening to large【C8】______of music can lead to depression, or both.【C9】______researchers found that reading books had the opposite【C10】______: with time spent in reading increasing, teens' risk of depression【C11】______50%. This is worth emphasizing because overall in the U.S., reading books is decreasing,【C12】______nearly all other forms of media use are increasing. For the study, the researchers【C13】______106 participants aged 7 to 17 for two months; 46 participants had been previously【C14】______with depression. Throughout the course of the study, researchers made【C15】______weekend phone calls to the teens in order to determine, in real time, what forms of media they were using,【C16】______television, music, video games, Internet, magazines and books. On average, teens were most likely to be watching a movie or TV when researchers called (26% of the time). Teens reported listening to music 9% of the time, followed by Internet use and video gaming (6% each) and,【C17】______, reading printed media (0.2%). Of all the media reported, only music showed【C18】______associations with increased depression risk,【C19】______researchers had control of【C20】______like age, sex and race.

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Suppose Doctor Brown, who is well known to the world for his achievements in the field of medicine, comes to your university as a visiting scholar. Write a welcoming speech to 1) introduce him, and 2) welcome him. You should write about 100 words.

On September 28th Tim Cook, Apple's chief executive, published an open letter apologising to customers for the shortcomings of the company's maps. Mr. Cook even directed users to alternative map apps, writing that they could be downloaded from Apple's App Store and that Google's and Nokia's maps were available as web apps. Apple's mobile maps used to be supplied by its friend-turned-archrival, Google. But this year Apple decided to put maps of its own into iOS 6, rather than be beholden to its foe . The new maps are built into the iPhone, which went on sale on September 21st. The Internet has been teeming with complaints about a lack of detail and a surfeit of errors. And unlike Google's maps, Apple's lack public-transport information. Maps are becoming important strategic terrain. They are more than an aid to getting from A to B. Apps based on location—to summon a taxi, say—need maps inside them. Digital maps can include countless layers of information, plus advertisements from which money can be made. There are thousands of indoor maps, too, of airports, department stores and so forth. Smart phones also act as sensors, reporting their whereabouts, which can be used to improve maps. According to comScore, a data firm, in August 95% of American iPhone owners and 83% of owners of smart phones with Google's Android operating system used a mobile map. Meanwhile, Apple seems to be relying on three things. The first is speedy improvement. (It is reportedly trying to hire ex-Googlers. ) The second is the embedding of useful content. Its new maps have spoken turn-by-turn driving directions, which Google's version for the iPhone did not, as well as reviews from Yelp, a local-listings company that offers pretty full coverage of eateries and bars in America but much less elsewhere. The third is the loyalty of Apple's fans. More than 5million iPhone 5s were sold in the first three days. Although some analysts had expected more, that still beat the previous version, the 4S, by 1 million. Under the late Steve Jobs Apple paid fanatical attention to detail, so it is remarkable that its maps should have come up so short. But polishing its hardware was one thing; the struggle with maps "has been the first really obvious head-butting of the wall," says Carolina Milanesi of Gartner, another research firm. In a market in which brands can fall fast, that is a rare luxury.

[A] Physical changes [B] Low self-esteem[C] Emerging independence and search for identity [D] Emotional turbulence [E] Interest in the opposite sex [F] Peer pressure and conformity [G] Transition to adulthood The transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 — and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are: 【R1】______ A child's self-worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they're not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent. 【R2】______ Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite — loud and angry — in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness. 【R3】______ Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness. 【R4】______ There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to Conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong. 【R5】______ Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity. Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.

Suppose you wish to join the dance club of your university. Write a letter of application to the club to 1) tell it you like dancing and you are good at some kinds of dances, and 2) express your wish to join the club. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)OnestereotypeofwisdomisawizenedZen-mastersmilingkindlyathispupils,whilereferringtothemaslittlegrasshoppersandsafeintheknowledgethatonedaythey,too,willhavebeensetonthepaththatleadstowizenedmasterhood.Butisittruethatagebringswisdom?AstudytwoyearsagoinNorthAmerica,byIgorGrossmannoftheUniversityofWaterloo,inCanada,suggestedthatitis.Dr.GrossmannfoundthatelderlyAmericanshadmoreofitthanyoungsters.Hehas,however,nowextendedhisinvestigationtoAsia—thelandofthewizenedZen-master—and,inparticular,toJapan.There,hefound,incontrasttotheWest,thatthegrasshoppersaretheirmasters'equalsalmostfromthebeginning.Dr.Grossmannrecruited186Japanesefromvariouswalksoflifeandcomparedthemwith225Americans.Participantswereaskedtoreadaseriesofpretendnewspaperarticles.Halfdescribedconflictbetweengroups,suchasadebatebetweenresidentsofanimpoverishedPacificislandoverwhethertoallowforeignoilcompaniestooperatetherefollowingthediscoveryofpetroleum.Theotherhalftooktheformofadvicecolumnsthatdealtwithconflictsbetweenindividuals:siblings,friendsandspouses.Afterreadingeacharticle,participantswereasked"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenafterthat?"and"Whydoyouthinkitwillhappenthisway?"Theirresponseswererecordedandtranscribed.Dr.Grossmannandhiscolleaguesremovedage-relatedinformationfromthetranscripts,andalsoanycluestoparticipants'nationalities,andthenpassedtheeditedversionstoagroupofassessors.Theseassessorsweretrainedtoratetranscribedresponsesconsistently,andhadbeentestedtoshowthattheirratingswerestatisticallycomparablewithoneanother.Theassessorsscoredparticipants'responsesonascaleofonetothree.Thisattemptedtocapturethedegreetowhichtheydiscussedwhatpsychologistsconsiderfivecrucialaspectsofwisereasoning:willingnesstoseekopportunitiestoresolveconflict;willingnesstosearchforcompromise;recognitionofthelimitsofpersonalknowledge;awarenessthatmorethanoneperspectiveonaproblemcanexist;andappreciationofthefactthatthingsmaygetworsebeforetheygetbetter.Theupshotwasthat,asDr.Grossmannhadfoundbefore,Americansdogetwiserwithage.Theirintergroupwisdomscoreaveraged45attheageof25and55at75.Theirinterpersonalscoresimilarlyclimbedfrom46to50.Japanesescores,bycontrast,hardlyvariedwithage.Both25-year-oldsand75-year-oldshadanaverageintergroupwisdomof51.Forinterpersonalwisdom,itwas53and52.Takenatfacevalue,theseresultssuggestJapaneselearnwisdomfasterthanAmericans.Oneup,then,tothewizenedZen-masters.Buttheyalsosuggestaparadox.Generally,Americaisseenasanindividualisticsociety,whereasJapanisquitecollectivist.YetJapanesehavehigherscoresthanAmericansforthesortofinterpersonalwisdomyoumightthinkwouldbeusefulinanindividualisticsociety.Americans,bycontrast—atleastinthematurityofoldage—havemoreintergroupwisdomthanthepurportedlycollectivistJapanese.Perhaps,then,youneedindividualskillswhensocietyiscollective,andsocialoneswhenitisindividualistic.Allofwhichgoestoshowthattherealrootofwisdomisthis:donotassume,littlegrasshopper,thatyourprejudicesarecorrect.

Write a letter of about 100 words to the customer service center of an online store, complaining about the quality of the new ipad and demanding a prompt solution. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

Suppose your friend David just broke up with his girlfriend and was feeling sad. Write him an email to 1) comfort him, and 2) ask him not to lose confidence in himself. You should write about 100 words, Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.