We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and 【C1】______ itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 【C2】______ mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the 【C3】______ act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you aren't feeling happy, smile can help【C4】______your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 【C5】______ expressions can influence our【C6】______experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 【C7】______ Darwin' s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually【C8】______your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 【C9】______ heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】______smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】______years to your life. People who smile more tend to be more 【C12】______, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】______. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the【C14】______likely divorce was later in life.【C15】______, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa said "Every time you smile at someone, it is ... a【C16】______to that person, a beautiful thing", she was right. One study【C17】______by Hewlett Packard found that seeing another's smile stimulated the heart and【C18】______more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19】______viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20】______when someone else is smiling.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection III Writing/B

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

For decades the market for expensive headphones was mainly limited to hi-fi fans. But【C1】______the boxy stereo system in the corner of the bedroom is largely a thing of the past, and young music fans listen【C2】______on portable devices, headphones have become as much of a fashion statement as the music player itself.【C3】______the first to spot the potential of this market was Dr Dre and Jimmy Iovine. In 2008 they【C4】______their Beats range of headphones, to great【C5】______. They have all but created a new product【C6】______: premium-priced headphones whose sound quality is good enough,【C7】______which mainly sell on their brand image. Beats Electronics and its founders have proved skilled【C8】______using celebrity endorsements and product placement to【C9】______his headphones. In America the company now has almost half the market for premium-priced headphones, compared with 21% for Bose, a longer-established maker. Beats headphones are exactly what hip-hop fans want, but might not suit opera lovers. Overall,【C10】______, they are a lot better than the earphones that come free with most portable devices. There is in any case a limit to how good music will sound through even the best headphones. Most of the music tracks on portable music players are in the form of mp3 audio files, in which the music has been【C11】______to make the files smaller and【C12】______fit more of them into a【C13】______amount of storage capacity. Since consumers have been persuaded, largely by Beats, that it is worth paying a high price for headphones, perhaps they could be persuaded to turn their backs on cheap mp3s and【C14】______recordings in true high fidelity. If sales of hi-fi recordings take off it may【C15】______the market for really top-class headphones like those of Grado Labs, another American firm. Grado has for decades relied on reviews in specialist magazines, and word-of-mouth【C16】______from fans, to spread news of its headphones'【C17】______reproduction. In contrast to Beats, it has avoided imagemaking it has not【C18】______since 1964 Unlike Dr Dre, then, its【C19】______are less tied to the【C20】______tastes and fast-changing fashions of the young.

After visiting Widener University and learning about its program requiring 300 hours of community service in the surrounding poor city of Chester, Pennsylvania, Anna Miller told her father that she would not go anywhere else. Miller was looking for a college experience that was【C1】______on both meaning and action. "I was especially【C2】______to this program because it is much easier to make a lasting change in a community when you have the【C3】______of the administration of the school," said the 20-year-old from East Prospect, Pennsylvania. Widener is not【C4】______in its creative curriculum: a number of schools now include community service as part of class work During the 1960s and 1970s, universities were often the【C5】______of student protests, characterized as ivory-tower institutions【C6】______the greater problems in society.【C7】______these days, many universities are【C8】______the forefront of encouraging students to【C9】______social change. "It's very【C10】______, at all different kinds of colleges, from small liberal-arts colleges to big universities and community colleges," says Debra Humphreys, a spokesperson for the Association of American Colleges and Universities. According to a 2009【C11】______by the AACU, at least 68 percent of its members are including credit-bearing courses that【C12】______service learning. Colleges and universities are【C13】______community service with every type of subject. At the University of Pennsylvania, students can take an environmental-studies class where they identify sources of lead, gather samples of soil, dust, and paint, and map the risk of lead【C14】______in surrounding West Philadelphia areas. Last year【C15】______1,800 students elected to take at least one of the 60 "academically based community service" courses offered through the Netter Center for Community Partnerships. At Bryn Mawr College, math professor Victor Don-nay links math to projects【C16】______sustainability, like the savings from eliminating dining trays in dorm cafeterias. It's【C17】______to see how math can be used to make a difference in the world, Donnay says. "As they did the projects, the【C18】______of effort they put in and their【C19】______for figuring out these problems was much higher than in a【C20】______class."

[A] Analyzing your own taste [B] Being cautious when experimenting [C] Finding a model to follow [D] Getting the final look absolutely right [E] Learning to be realistic [F] Making regular conscious choices[G] Choosing an outfit for yourselves When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it's something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it's what's inside that's important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us. 【R1】______ For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they've seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faults—we all have good points and bad points—but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones. 【R2】______ When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you're likely to meet, where you're going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there's no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else's idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself. 【R3】______ But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot—most people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don't wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme? 【R4】______ Some colors bring your natural colouring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colours by all means, but remember that dressing in bright colours when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it's good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once. 【R5】______ So, you've chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your colouring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won't achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won't improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn't fit perfectly, don't buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style. Reappraising your image isn't selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You'll look better and you'll feel a better person all round. And if in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian's book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 percent on how we look and behave, 38 percent on how we speak and only 7 percent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn't it time you made the most of yourself?

Suppose you want to send your friend Murphy a gift to thank him for helping you with your study. Write him a letter to 1) introduce your gift, and 2) explain why you send him the gift. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

A pretty pot plant might make an unemotional work space feel more personal. But new research has revealed that office plants do so much more as they can help staff be more creative and productive, which could ultimately【C1】______promotion. At work,【C2】______houseplants have been proven to aid concentration, increase productivity and【C3】______staff well-being by 47 per cent, according to a study undertaken at this year's Chelsea Flower Show. The results showed that【C4】______staff to make design decisions in a workspace【C5】______with office plants can increase creativity by 45 per cent and improve productivity by 38 per cent. The researchers believe their findings demonstrate that plants are not unnecessary【C6】______of business environments and add【C7】______to other studies, which indicate plants increase psychological comfort and business【C8】______. Psychologist Dr Craig Knight said: "We have previously shown that designing your own workspace improves health, happiness and productivity. It was time to go a step【C9】______and see whether the principle can also【C10】______creativity and indeed whether the very act of designing the workspace can be used effectively. The results indicate that plants, in a well-designed and personalized office environment can increase business effectiveness【C11】______improved staff productivity and creativity. This gives company managers a real【C12】______to share control of office space with their staff and create meaningful, less【C13】______and more grown up space." Plants have previously been proven to have【C14】______effects in hospitals, where patients with pot plants close by said they experienced less pain, anxiety and tiredness,【C15】______houses with plant-filled rooms【C16】______between 50 and 60 per cent fewer bacteria than other rooms【C17】______plants. Monique Kemperman from The Joy of Plants, said: "Scientific studies have demonstrated that we can see a【C18】______improvement in air quality alone, just by【C19】______a few common houseplants around a room." The organization wants to encourage everyone in the UK to add a houseplant to their home and office and claims it will make a '【C20】______' impact to people's quality of life on a daily basis.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Many people think that money is the source of happiness, while others think that money is the root of all evils. What"s your opinion? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on money and happiness. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

If you watched a certain swimmer's Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4×100-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the purple dots actually are signs of "cupping," an ancient Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment. In cupping, practitioners of the healing technique—or sometimes the athletes themselves— place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but it's enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have been so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States men's gymnastics team. Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing soreness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds recovery. Phelps posted an Instagram photo showing himself stretched on a table as his Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thighs. "Thanks for my cupping today!" he wrote. While there's no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the treatment, there's not much science to determine whether cupping offers a real physiological benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. "A placebo effect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well," said Leonid Kalichman, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. "A patient can feel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect." One 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and then focuses on relaxing them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient groups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored higher on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressure was applied to the area. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential benefits of cupping.

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Each suburban housewife, wrote Betty Friedan in 1963, struggles with a single question as she makes the beds, shops for groceries, drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night: "Is this all?" A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published, the Census Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home. Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no. In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work outside the home stood at 49%; by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%. Many thought this number would continue to fall as women sought to " have it all". Instead, the proportion of stay-at-home mothers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years, according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre. This partly reflects demographic change. Immigrants, a rising share of the relevant generation, are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America. There is an economic component to the change, too: at the end of the 1990s, when mothers staying at home were at their rarest, the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it. Now more report that they are unable to do so, or are studying in the hope of finding work later. But there is also an element of choice: a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have college degrees. Taken as a whole, the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale. Some are highly educated bankers' wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard. Others are poorer but calculate that, after paying for child care, the money they make sweeping floors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones. The first group is fairly small. Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and affluent stay-at-home mothers (defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of $ 75,000). That is 5% of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands. One third of stay-at-home mothers are single or cohabiting, and on average they are poorer than the rest.

Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚) , the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study says. Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. " Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre(类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.

No one word demonstrated the shift in corporations' attention in the mid-1990s from processes to people more vividly than the single word "talent".【C1】______the word lies the idea that more and more corporate【C2】______is going to be created by knowledge and by so-called "knowledge workers".【C3】______labour is worth less; knowledge is worth more. This has significantly shifted the balance of power in the【C4】______process. Companies used to be relaxed about finding enough qualified people to【C5】______their operations. What they could not find they would train, was the【C6】______attitude. That might take some time, but in a world where people【C7】______jobs for life time was in the company's favour. But talent is not patient, and it is not faithful. Many companies found themselves training employees【C8】______for them to go on and sell their acquired skills to their【C9】______. So now they look for talent that is ready-made. In their eagerness to【C10】______this talent, companies have gone to considerable lengths to appear especially attractive. They have,【C11】______, devoted a great deal of effort to the【C12】______of their websites, often the first port of call these days for bright young【C13】______recruits. They have in many cases【C14】______their HR departments, in part so that they can【C15】______their compensation packages more finely for the individuals that they really require. And they have altered their approach to issues such as governance and environmental responsibility【C16】______they know that many of the talented people they are seeking want to work for ethical and【C17】______employers. Talented people increasingly want to work in places where they can feel good about what they do for most of the day. What's more, in today's knowledge-based businesses, these young people are far more【C18】______their working environment, of "what's going on around here", than were their grandparents. It is harder for today's businesses to【C19】______from their employees what they are【C20】______to—even when, as in cases such as Enron and WorldCom, they put a lot of effort into it.

You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B