单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}}Directions: Read the following text carefully and then give short answers to the five questions. A television ad features a ship drifting on a twinkling ocean as the voice-over intones words to this effect, "When was the last time the world revolved around you?" Whenever my husband and I see this, we can't help but laugh. Pointing to our daughter, we shout, "When didn't it?" But it's a rueful chuckle (苦笑). Somehow our family does revolve around our child: her sports, her homework, her social commitments. My husband and I have lives too. It's just that we must fit them into whatever scrap of time is left over. Somewhere in the last two generations, we shifted our focus from marriage as the family foundation to children. It's been a subtle change, and you have to look closely to see its impact on marriage. Compare the time your parents spent exclusively together to the amount you and your mate do. Parents of earlier generations went out on Saturday nights. Today's families cart the kids to parties with family friends. Is it good for the parents and kids to be together? Parents once supported each other's needs, and children's preferences came second. "Turn off that television. Your father deserves some peace when he comes home" and "No, you can't sit in the front. That's your mother's seat" were perfectly reasonable things to say. Many couples took half an hour at the day's end to share a drink and conversation. Children were expected to play independently. Bedroom doors were closed and parents' beds sacred. Sex was an adult secret enjoyed by parents who were confident that their children wouldn't walk in without knocking. Now, parents can't find time or privacy. Children centeredness has gone too far. How did we make marital love second to parental love? The increasing balance of power between the sexes that resulted from women achieving more economic independence cut ruthlessly into the time women have for their children. A marriage- centered family was once a father-centered family. Parents spent time together when Dad came home. Today Mum might spend that half hour reading a story to her son. He too wants to reconnect, and in a child-centered family, that takes precedence. When time is limited, we put our children first. Dad's position has been eroded by the demands of an ever more competitive childhood. Child experts have shown us the benefits of early stimulation, socializing, being read aloud to. To afford a child these advantages requires 1,000 gymnastics visits, music lessons, tutoring. Intellectual achievements are all fast-tracked now too. Children arrive in kindergarten having long since learned the letters and colours once lovingly taught during that first year of school. And good schools are the ones assigning more homework, requiring more parent participation.

单选题To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized______.

单选题Thanks for the advice, but this is something I have to ______ out myself. A. fulfill B. identify C. figure D. claim

单选题A: Where are you guys going? B: To grab a sandwich. ______. A: No, I"m not hungry.

单选题______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl to be educated B. The girl educated C. The girl's being educated D. The girl was educated

单选题Since our knowledge is ______, none of us can exclude the possibility of being wrong. A. delicate B. restrained C. controlled D. finite

单选题The police searched the building ______ but failed to find out where the bomb was.

单选题 There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find thesecareers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is anincreasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhapsknow too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who arecapable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. And these"generalists"are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see thatother people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people'swork, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a" trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. Thegeneralist--and especially the administrator--deals with people; his concern is with leadership,with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are hisstrongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a goodgeneralist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in differentproportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds ofjobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is a pure accident. Certainlyyou should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold anyjob. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job ; it is primarily a trainingjob, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

单选题Bob believes that the invasion of the marketplace into the university is undermining fundamental academic values, and that we must act now to ______ this decline. A. lace B. plug C. cease D. digest

单选题In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning." This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called "operant( 动作的 )conditioning." This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.

单选题Text 2 The influence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that weather factors have no influence on their decision-making? Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. People's moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression. Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interest in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports provide breakdowns of the crime rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors. Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression. Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increases the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries/larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries/larcenies (day and night) and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime. Individuals who respond with criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables. Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather-crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather/climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be impossible. More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.

单选题When we conduct foreign trade, the importance of understanding the language of a country cannot be underestimated. The successful marketer must achieve export requires a thorough understanding of the language as well as the ability to speak it. Those who deal with advertising should be concerned less with obvious differences between languages and more with the exact meanings expressed. A dictionary translation is not the same as an idiomatic interpretation, and seldom will the dictionary translation meet the needs. A national producer of soft drinks had the company's brand name impressed in Chinese characters which were phonetically (按照发音地) accurate. It was discovered later, however, that the translation's literal meaning was "female horse fattened with wax", hardly the image the company sought to describe. So carelessly translated advertising statements not only lose their intended meaning but can suggest something very different including something offensive or ridiculous. Sometimes, what was translated was not an image the companies had in mind for their products. Many people believe that to fully appreciate the true meaning of a language it is necessary to hve with the language for years. Whether or not this is the case, foreign marketers should never take it for granted that they are affectively communicating in another language.

单选题Firefighters are often asked to speak to school and community groups about the importance of fire safety, particularly fire prevention and detection. Because smoke detectors reduce the risk of dying in a fire by half, firefighters often provide audiences with information on how to install these protective devices in their homes. Specifically, they tell them these things: A smoke detector should be placed on each floor of a home. While sleeping, people are in particular danger of an emergent fire, and there must be a detector outside each sleeping area. A good site for a detector would be a hallway that runs between living spaces and bedrooms. Because of the dead-air space that might be missed by hot air bouncing around above a fire, smoke detectors should be installed either on the ceiling at least four inches from the nearest wall, or high on a wall at least four, but no further than twelve inches from the ceiling. Detectors should not be mounted near windows, entrances, or other places where drafts (过堂风) might direct the smoke away from the unit. Nor should they be placed in kitchens and garages, where cooking and gas fumes are likely to cause false alarms.

单选题Although we are (concerned with) the problem of energy sources, we (must not) fail (recognizing) the need (for) environmental protection.

单选题 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance (类同之处) between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. Them are similarities, of course, but the cops(警官) don't think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scanty-clad (穿衣不多的) ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilt or not—of stupid, petty crimes.

单选题Robert seldom has the opportunity to date with her. Because her family ______ her to stay out after darkness. A. stop B. hinder C. prohibit D. forbid

单选题When you are near a lake or a river, you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it can't make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. Then you feel the cool air and the wind, which makes you cool. Of course, scientists can't answer all of your questions. If we ask, "Why is the ocean full of salt?" scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into he earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean doesn't get more slat every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.

单选题Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man ? "Not so," say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes ? Or is he about to sleep off a drank? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it "steam pipes", or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested." Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests." Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the "testing room" and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets filling and cry for help. All of this had been pm-recorded on a tape-recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt that other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

单选题John planned to take part in the competition but had to ______ on account of the car accident.

单选题Einstein, like other great physicists before him, worked out new theories that challenge our ______ concept of the universe. A. existed B. established C. organized D. adjusted