单选题利多卡因用于局部浸润麻醉或神经阻滞时，成人一次限量为( )(2005年)

单选题患者，男性，54岁，间歇性无痛性肉眼血尿3个月，左上腹部可触及肿块，随呼吸活动，轻度压痛。逆行肾盂造影发现左肾盂肾盏拉长变形。首先应考虑为

单选题A．球部尿道损伤B．膜部尿道损伤C．膀胱损伤D．输尿管损伤E．肾损伤

单选题淋巴细胞转化率超过多少，说明供受者的淋巴细胞抗原不同，即应放弃作器官移植

单选题下列不符合卵巢浆液性囊腺癌的描述是

单选题壶腹部癌的临床表现与胰头癌相似，但其手术切除率、5年生存率都高于胰头癌的原因是

单选题下列关于肛裂的叙述，哪项是正确的A．肛裂是肛管部深达肌层的小溃疡B．肛裂、前哨痔和齿状线上相应的乳头肥大称为肛裂“三联症”C．主要症状是排便时出血D．绝大多数发生在肛管前正中部E．手术切除肛裂是治疗急性肛裂惟一有效的方法

单选题There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.

单选题男，50岁，右背部皮肤红肿3天，中央多个脓点，范围约4cm，界限不清，疼痛较剧，畏寒，发热，最可能的诊断是

单选题下述哪一种适于采用经腹显露肾脏

单选题直肠手术时，要保持正常的排便功能，需要至少保留多长与肛管相连的直肠

单选题A．手术治疗为主B．非手术治疗为主C．先用非手术治疗必要时采取手术D．必须手术治疗E．中医中药治疗

单选题男，40岁，烧伤后3小时入院。疼痛剧烈，感口渴。面色苍白，心率150次/分，BP85/65mmHg，头颈部，躯干部布满大小不等水疱，可见潮红创面。两上肢呈焦黄色，无水疱。

单选题引起儿童肾病综合征的最常见肾小球疾病是A．脂性肾病B．新月体性肾炎C．IgA肾病D．节段性肾炎E．弥漫增生性肾炎

单选题下列有关腹痛性质与疾病的关系中，哪项是错误的A．间歇性刺痛——胆总管结石B．阵发性绞痛——输尿管结石C．阵发性钻顶痛——胆道蛔虫症D．剧烈刀割样痛——十二指肠溃疡穿孔E．持续性胀痛——实质性脏器发炎

单选题男性患者，28岁，浮肿、少尿1周，2周前有“感冒”史，血压150／90mmHg，Hb80／L，尿蛋白(+++)，尿潜血(+++)，尿RBC 15～20个／HP，血肌酐384μmol／L，B超左肾11.1cm×4.1cm×5.2cm，右肾12.2cm×4.8cm×5.4cm，下一步首选的方案是

单选题急性化脓性腹膜炎病人术后，采取半卧位的目的，哪项是错误的A．减少毒素吸收，防止感染性休克发生B．增加肺活量，减少肺部并发症C．渗出物流至盆腔，吸收快，避免形成盆腔脓肿D．腹肌松弛，减少切口疼痛E．减少膈下脓肿发生的机会

单选题肠扭转发生的原因是

单选题关于自体输血，下列哪种说法是错误的( )(1999年)

单选题A．伤后彻底清创、改善局部循环 B．控制和解除痉挛、预防窒息C．使用破伤风抗毒素中和游离毒素 D．给予大剂量青霉素，抑制破伤风杆菌