单选题男，35岁，进行性吞咽困难4个月，现能进流质。X线钡剂食管检查显示：食管中段有7cm的充盈缺损，正确的处理是

单选题怀疑有输尿管肿瘤时最有效准确的诊断方法为

单选题"You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Norman, the Bank of England's longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed's much-respected chairman, due to retire next year—after a mere 18 years in the job—some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank's credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stock market bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates—as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources—encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting—the fad of the 1990s—is too crude.

单选题肝癌检查项目中诊断意义最大的是（ ）

单选题应放置T形管引流的手术是（ ）

单选题清创过程中，下列哪项操作是不恰当的

单选题A．同种异体移植B．异种移植C．结构移植D．组织移植

单选题女，53岁，发现左乳房肿块7天。查体：左乳房外上象限距乳头1cm处可扪及2cm×1．5cm大小质硬肿块，边界不清，未固定于胸壁，腋窝未触及肿大淋巴结。活组织病理检查证实为乳腺癌，应采用的手术方式是

单选题Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. MeKendrick has explored the Wedgewood Firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery. Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals and children' s toys and books. While the feat of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain : Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and service actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. MeKendriek favors a Viable model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The " middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? MeKendriek claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality potteries and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? I t is perfectly possiMe Go have the psychology and reality of consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in the tenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.

单选题A．斜形骨折B．横形骨折C．粉碎性骨折D．螺旋形骨折

单选题慢性化脓性骨髓炎，如大部分病灶已愈合，只有小块死骨存在，死骨不大的，应采取下列哪种治疗方法（ ）

单选题肝海绵状血管瘤最危险的并发症是

单选题肾结核最常见的临床表现是

单选题21岁女性患者，反复水肿3月，血压140／85mmHg，血红蛋白130g／L，尿蛋白5.2g／L，红细胞阴性，血肌酐8％moI／L，血白蛋白25g／L。最可能的诊断为

单选题慢性。肾炎患者，近10天来出现厌食，恶心，乏力。来急诊时，首先宜查( )(1990年)

单选题行颈、胸手术后，病人应采取的体位是

单选题关于肱骨髁上骨折的叙述错误的是

单选题A．正中神经受卡压 B．尺神经受卡压 C．桡神经受卡压 D．坐骨神经受卡压

单选题19岁，甲状腺肿大，诊断为弥漫性单纯性甲状腺肿，其治疗应是

单选题腰肌劳损的治疗方法中，错误的是