Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate". Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (实验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. "As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."

An international treaty signed several years ago bans trade in plants and animals of endangered species.

A: I've got it. I think I will wear a white shirt with a tie. Thank you for your suggestions.A. Please tell me about the courses you completed at university.B. What was your graduation's thesis on?C. What was your major at university?A: What university did you graduate from? And when? B: I graduated from Nanjing University in June, 2003. A:【D4】______B: My major was Economics and Trade. A:【D5】______B: I completed English, Economics, Accounting, Finance, International Business and other business courses.A: What degree have you received?B: I received a Bachelor Degree.A:【D6】______B: I did my thesis on "The Development of the World's Business".

Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic：My Idea of Pop Music．You should write according to the outline given below： 1．有人认为流行音乐不登大雅之堂 2．有人认为音乐无高贵低贱之分，只有兴趣的差别 3．我的观点

When it comes to personal finance, we are all looking for ways to save more money. Our household budgets are filled with both big and small expenses that we imagine can be cut out to save loads of cash or, at the very least, spent better elsewhere. One of the things you have surely considered is using public transportation rather than your own vehicle. It would be easy to assume that public transportation is cheaper, because bus fare is far less expensive than gas, but those are not the only costs to consider. Take a step back to your high school economics class and try to remember the lesson about opportunity costs. These, as you might recall if you were awake for that class, are the things you give up when you choose one option over other options. Although they are not measured in dollars and cents, they still have to be considered whenever you make a financial decision.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C,taken from the dialogue.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to 【C1】 ______or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be 【C2】______about it, it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is 【C3】______ to immediate deportation. There are some exceptions to this rule, most notably people from the Common Market countries, who are 【C4】______to work without permits and who are often given temporary residence permits of up to five years. Some 【C5】______people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without permits. The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are【C6】______but【C7】______it is administered, and the people who administer it.An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor【C8】______these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the 【C9】______to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. 【C10】______the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.

When required to eat vegetables, many children only do so reluctantly .

Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being. For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970's, then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.

Shortage of land and funding is blamed for the city's______green space.

BClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET./B

A. badly B. be coined afterC. refuse to D. horn 1782 to 1792A. He treated his poor tenants very【T13】______B. who lived【T14】______C. means to【T15】______ have anything to do with somebody or somethingD. a new word may【T16】______ the inventor or scientist About three hundred words in the English language come form the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention or discovery,【T17】______ It is interesting to observe how many common English words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich【T18】______ used to sit at the gambling table eating slices of bread in that way, so his friends began to call the bread "sandwich" for fun. Later on the word became part of the English language. The word "boycott"【T19】______ . It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the captain was a very harsh man.【T20】______ His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed. The word "boycott" became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.

{{B}}Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.

A state of emergency had been in force since the emperor was overthrown .

Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it? New "fake fat" products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say that the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it is up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines " grab" molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.

A. Maybe today is my lucky dayB. It will be so cool to win itC. we can be the lucky winnerA: Hey, did you hear that? The lottery is up to 1 million yuan this time.【D1】______ .B: Come on. Don't be silly. You are really daydreaming.A: I know the chances of winning the lottery are remote. But【D2】______ .B: But you know many people buy the tickets every week and still haven't won a cent. Don't waste your money. A: I still would like to try my fortune and buy a lottery ticket.【D3】______ .

The government gave money to people to help buy homes outside of the cities. This system of subsidized housing caused many people to leave urban areas.

{{B}}Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D,taken from the interview.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

One's awareness , both conscious and unconscious, of what happened in the past has a strong influence on one's behavior.